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Ken Wharton

2025-06-09T19:57:58Z

2A0A:EF40:3E0:3501:C082:8DA5:6FDF:B72D: name

{{Short description|British racing driver (1916{{ndash}}1957)}}
{{About||the English writer and former British soldier|Ken Wharton (writer)|the Australian rules footballer|Ken Wharton (footballer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox F1 driver
| name = Ken Wharton
| image = Ken Wharton Motor Sport 1953.jpg
| caption = Ken Wharton in 1953.
| nationality = {{flagicon|GBR}} British
| birth_date = {{birth date|1916|3|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Smethwick]], [[England]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1957|1|12|1916|3|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Ardmore, New Zealand|Ardmore]], [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
| Years = {{F1|1952}}–{{F1|1955}}
| Team(s) = privateer [[Frazer-Nash]] & [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]], [[BRM]], [[Vanwall]]
| Races = 16 (15 starts)
| Championships = 0
| Wins = 0
| Podiums = 0
| Points = 3
| Poles = 0
| Fastest laps = 0
| First race = [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix]]
| First win =
| Last win =
| Last race = [[1955 Italian Grand Prix]]
}}

'''Frederick Charles Kenneth Wharton'''<ref>England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966 (Ancestry.com)</ref><ref>England & Wales, Birth Index, 1916-2005 (Ancestry.com)</ref> (21 March 1916 – 12 January 1957) was a British [[racing driver]] from [[Smethwick]], [[England]]. He competed in off-road trials, [[Hillclimbing|hillclimbs]], and [[rallying]], and also raced [[sports car racing|sports cars]] and [[Single-seater cars|single-seaters]]. He began racing in the new National 500cc Formula in his own special, and later acquired a [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]. His World Championship [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] debut was at the [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix|1952 Swiss event]], run to Formula 2 regulations, where he started from 13th position on the grid and finished 4th. He participated in a total of 15 World Championship Grands Prix, from which he scored three championship points.

On 17 August 1935, he was involved in a crash at [[Donington Park]] while driving an [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]] in an 850 c.c. race. The incident, which saw him overturn at Redgate corner occurred on lap one of five. Wharton escaped with abrasions to the arm.<ref>{{cite news|title=Donington Park Motor Races.|work=Nottingham Evening Post|date=17 August 1935|access-date=10 July 2020|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/19350817/064/0010|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In 1951 he "travelled abroad, with Peter Bell's 2-litre [[English Racing Automobiles|E.R.A.]], to finish 3rd overall in the Susa/Mont Cenis hill-climb and 4th overall in the Aosta/Grand Saint Bernard hill-climb. With a Cooper 500, he also competed in the German Freiburg hill-climb where he was runner-up in the 500 cc class to [[Stirling Moss]]."<ref>C. A. N. May, ''Speed Hill-Climb'', G.T. Foulis & Co LTD, 1962, Page 28.</ref> Wharton won the Freiburg event outright in the E.R.A. on 5 August, climbing the 7.4 miles of the [[Schauinsland]] Pass,<ref>''Motor Year Book 1952'', Temple Press, Page 193.</ref> in 8 minutes 5.33 seconds. On 19 August he was fastest at the [[Vue des Alpes]] hill-climb, with a time of 3 minutes 57.8 seconds.<ref>''Motor Sport'', January 1952, Page 11.</ref> He won the [[British Hill Climb Championship]] every year from 1951 to 1954, and remains the only driver to have won four successive BHCC titles. Other successes with [[ERA R4D]] included winning the [[Brighton Speed Trials]] in 1954, 1955 and 1956.

Success in rallies included winning the [[Tulip Rally]] in 1949, 1950 and 1952, driving Fords. He also became the British Trials Champion.

On 4 July 1954, he and [[Peter Whitehead (racing driver)|Peter Whitehead]] won the [[Reims-Gueux|Reims]] 12-hour race in a [[Jaguar D-Type]].<ref>Les Douze Heures de Reims, ''Motor Sport'', August 1954, Page 426.</ref>

In 1957 Wharton was fatally injured when his [[Ferrari Monza]] crashed in a sports-car race at the [[Ardmore Airport (New Zealand)|Ardmore Circuit]] in [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ken Wharton Dies|work=Birmingham Daily Post|date=12 January 1957|access-date=10 July 2020|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002134/19570112/445/0020|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref> More than 1,100 people attended his funeral, including his mother, father, sister, aunt, uncle and cousins.<ref>{{cite news|title=1,100 at Funeral of Ken Wharton|work=Birmingham Daily Post|date=31 January 1957|access-date=10 July 2020|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002134/19570131/665/0024|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Complete World Championship results==
([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Chassis
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! WDC
! Points
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[1952 Formula One season|1952]]
!rowspan="2"| [[Scuderia Franera]]
! [[Frazer-Nash]] [[Frazer-Nash FN48|FN48]]
!rowspan="2" | [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]] [[Straight-6]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]] {{small|4}}
| [[1952 Indianapolis 500|500]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1952 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] {{small|Ret}}
| [[1952 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
| [[1952 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
| [[1952 German Grand Prix|GER]]
| style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1952 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] {{small|Ret}}
|
|
!rowspan="2"|13th
!rowspan="2"|3
|-
! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]] [[Cooper T20|T20]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1952 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|9}}
|
|-
| [[1953 Formula One season|1953]]
! Ken Wharton
! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]] [[Cooper T23|T23]]
! [[Bristol Cars|Bristol]] [[Straight-6]]
| [[1953 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]
| [[1953 Indianapolis 500|500]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1953 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] {{small|Ret}}
| [[1953 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1953 French Grand Prix|FRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1953 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|8}}
| [[1953 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1953 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1953 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|NC}}
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[1954 Formula One season|1954]]
! [[BRM|Owen Racing Organisation]]
! [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] [[Maserati 250F|250F]]
! [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] [[Straight-6]]
| [[1954 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]
| [[1954 Indianapolis 500|500]]
| [[1954 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1954 French Grand Prix|FRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1954 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[1954 German Grand Prix|GER]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1954 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]] {{small|6}}
| [[1954 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1954 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] {{small|8}}
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[1955 Formula One season|1955]]
! [[Vanwall|Vandervell Products Ltd]]
! [[Vanwall]]
! [[Vanwall]] [[Straight-4]]
| [[1955 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]
| [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
| [[1955 Indianapolis 500|500]]
| [[1955 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[1955 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[1955 British Grand Prix|GBR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[1955 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] {{small|Ret}}
|
|
! NC
! 0
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100213193235/http://www.500race.org/Men/Wharton.htm Ken Wharton profile at The 500 Owners Association]

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{succession box|title=[[British Hill Climb Championship|British Hill Climb Champion]] |before=[[Dennis Poore]] |after=[[Tony Marsh (racing driver)|Tony Marsh]] |years=1951–1954}}
{{s-end}}
{{British Hill Climb Champions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wharton, Ken}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Le Mans drivers]]
[[Category:Brighton Speed Trials people]]
[[Category:British hillclimb drivers]]
[[Category:BRM Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:English Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:English racing drivers]]
[[Category:Racing drivers who died while racing]]
[[Category:Sport deaths in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Smethwick]]
[[Category:Vanwall Formula One drivers]]
[[Category:World Sportscar Championship drivers]]
[[Category:12 Hours of Reims drivers]]
[[Category:20th-century English sportsmen]]

Burano

2025-05-19T20:18:23Z

2A0A:EF40:3E0:3501:C082:8DA5:6FDF:B72D: unreasonable precison

{{Short description|Island in the Venetian Lagoon, Italy}}
{{other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Murano}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2017}}

{{Infobox islands
| name = Burano
| image_name = Burano Venice 17.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = View of Burano: Rio Giudecca canal, colorful houses and the leaning campanile of San Martino church.
| image_alt =
| map = Venetian Lagoon
| location =
| coordinates = {{coord|45.486|12.417|display=inline,title}}
| population = 2,777
| archipelago =
| waterbody = [[Venetian Lagoon]]
| area_m2 = 210800
| area_footnotes =
| length_m =
| width_m =
| coastline_km = 
| elevation_m = 1
| country = [[Italy]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Comuni of Italy|Comune]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Venice]]
}}
'''Burano''' is an [[island]] in the [[Venetian Lagoon]], [[northern Italy]], near [[Torcello]] at the northern end of the lagoon, known for its lace work and brightly coloured homes. The primary economy is tourism.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZgGAgAAQBAJ&q=Burano+economy+tourism&pg=PA66 | title=Venice- Queen of the Adriatic| isbn=9781435774681| last1=Academy| first1=Students'| publisher=Lulu.com}}</ref>

==Geography==
Burano is {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=off}} from Venice, a 45-minute trip from [[Piazza San Marco|St. Mark's Square]] by [[vaporetto]], a Venetian water bus.

The island is linked to [[Mazzorbo]] by a bridge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/08/travel-mazzorbo-italy-venice |title=Discovering an Italian Retreat |date=26 July 2012 |first=Victoria |last=Mather |work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> The current population of Burano is about 2,800.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Island of Burano {{!}} Venezia |url=https://www.italiaoutdoors.com/index.php/travel-veneto/114-regions-of-italy/italy-veneto-region/the-venice-venezia-province-italy/italy-veneto-venezia/545-the-island-of-burano-venice-italy |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=www.italiaoutdoors.com}}</ref> Originally, there were five islands and a fourth canal that was filled to become ''via e piazza Baldassare Galuppi'', joining the former islands of ''San Martino Destra'' and ''San Martino Sinistra''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Island of Burano {{!}} Venezia |url=https://www.italiaoutdoors.com/index.php/travel-veneto/114-regions-of-italy/italy-veneto-region/the-venice-venezia-province-italy/italy-veneto-venezia/545-the-island-of-burano-venice-italy |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=www.italiaoutdoors.com}}</ref>

Burano has historically been subdivided into five [[sestiere|sestieri]], much like Venice. They correspond to the five original islands. The sixth sestiere is neighboring [[Mazzorbo]]:

{| class="wikitable"
|-align="left" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
|'''[[Sestiere]]''' || '''Area'''<ref>Relative area portions measured from map.</ref>|| '''Population'''||'''Density''' || class="unsortable"|  || class="unsortable" align="center"|'''Map'''
|-
|San Mauro ||align="right"|6.8 [[Hectare|ha]] || align="right" |818 ||align="right"|12,029 || style="background: red;" |    || rowspan="7" | [[File:Burano.png|150px|center]]
|-
|Giudecca<ref>Not to be confused with [[Giudecca]] in the sestiere [[Dorsoduro]] of the historic center of Venice.</ref> ||align="right"|2.5 ha || align="right" |255 ||align="right"|10,200 || style="background: yellow;" | 
|-
|San Martino Sinistra ||align="right"|4.4 ha || align="right" |586 ||align="right"|13,318 || style="background: blue;" | 
|-
|San Martino Destra ||align="right"|5.1 ha || align="right" |759 ||align="right"|14,882 || style="background: green;" | 
|-
|Terranova ||align="right"|2.3 ha || align="right" |359 ||align="right"|15,609 || style="background: #ff7f50;" | 
|- bgcolor="#dddddd"
|'''Burano (Island)''' || align="right" |'''21.1 ha''' || align="right" |'''2,777''' || align="right" |'''13,176''' || 
|-
|[[Mazzorbo]]<ref>Neighboring island (not on map).</ref> ||align="right"|51.8 ha || align="right" |329 ||align="right"|635 || style="background: #ffffff;" | 
|}

Burano has a high population density, calculated at more than 13,000 per square kilometer, or more than twenty times the density of neighboring Mazzorbo. It is almost entirely covered by residential buildings, with few small green areas.

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2017}}
[[File:Burano Vendig Aug 2021 4.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the island.]]
[[File:Burano Venice 14.jpg|thumb|right|Colourfully painted houses of Burano.]]

The island was probably settled by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], and in the 6th century was occupied by people from [[Altinum|Altino]], who named it for one of the gates of their former city. Two stories are attributed to how the city obtained its name. One is that it was initially founded by the Buriana family, and another is that the first settlers of Burano came from the small island of Buranello, about {{convert|8|km|0|abbr=off}} to the south. {{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

Although the island soon became a thriving settlement, it was administered from Torcello and had none of the privileges of that island or of [[Murano]]. It rose in importance only in the 16th century, when women on the island began making [[lace]] with [[Sewing needle|needle]]s, being introduced to such a trade via Venetian-ruled [[Cyprus]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/features/travel/colorful-burano-worth-a-side-trip-8212-by-water-8212-from-venice/2306181|title=Colorful Burano worth a side trip — by water — from Venice|date=2016-12-14|website=Tampa Bay Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-20|quote=Local women began making lace in the 16th century after merchants brought back needles from Venetian-controlled Cyprus, where the skill already flourished.}}</ref> When [[Leonardo da Vinci]] visited in 1481, he visited the small town of [[Pano Lefkara]] and purchased a cloth for the main altar of the [[Duomo di Milano]]. The lace was soon exported across Europe, but trade began to decline in the 18th century and the industry did not revive until 1872, when a school of lacemaking was opened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burano {{!}} Italy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Burano |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Lacemaking on the island boomed again, but few now make lace in the traditional manner as it is extremely time-consuming and therefore expensive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burano {{!}} Italy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Burano |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

Burano has been home to great artists such as the composer [[Baldassare Galuppi]] who was born in 1706, the singer-songwriter [[Pino Donaggio]] who was born in 1941 and the sculptor Remigio Barbaro who was born in 1911.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A dive into the past of Burano {{!}} Visitvenezia.eu |url=https://www.visitvenezia.eu/en/venetianity/tales-of-venice/a-dive-into-the-past-of-burano |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=www.visitvenezia.eu |language=en}}</ref>

==Main sights==
Burano is also known for its small, brightly painted houses,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trip-experiences.com/italy/murano-burano/ |title=Murano & Burano: The Venetian lagoon Islands |first=Dora |last=Christofi |date=26 August 2015 |work=Trip-experiences.com |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> which are popular with artists. The colours of the houses follow a specific system, originating from the golden age of its development. If someone wishes to paint their home, one must send a request to the government, who will respond by making notice of the certain colours permitted for that lot.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/05/burano-italy_n_4212666.html |title=Burano, Italy Is The Cheeriest Little Island, And It Will Lift Your Soul On Travel Tuesday |first=Suzy |last=Strutner |date=5 November 2013 |work=[[Huffington Post]] |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> The island is considered among the ten most colorful places in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A dive into the past of Burano {{!}} Visitvenezia.eu |url=https://www.visitvenezia.eu/en/venetianity/tales-of-venice/a-dive-into-the-past-of-burano |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=www.visitvenezia.eu |language=en}}</ref>

The heart of the village is Piazza Baldassare Galuppi which is the only square in the village.<ref>{{Cite web |last=e-borghi |title=Burano |url=https://www.e-borghi.com/en/village/Venezia/587/burano |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=e-borghi |language=en}}</ref> The Lace Museum, Town Hall, a well made entirely out of Istrian stone and the statue of Baldassare Galuppi made by Remigio Barbaro can also be found in the square.<ref>{{Cite web |last=e-borghi |title=Burano |url=https://www.e-borghi.com/en/village/Venezia/587/burano |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=e-borghi |language=en}}</ref>

Other attractions include the church of ''[[San Martino, Burano|San Martino]]'', with a leaning [[campanile]] and a painting by [[Giambattista Tiepolo]] (''Crucifixion'', 1727), the ''Oratorio di Santa Barbara'' and the ''Museum and School of Lacemaking''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museomerletto.visitmuve.it/en/home/ |title=Venice Lace Museum Official Website |work=visitmuve.it |access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref>

==Transport==
The island forms part of the [[Actv]] waterbus network. The following lines connect to Burano: 
9 (Burano-[[Torcello]]) 
12 ([[Venice|Fondamente Nove]]-[[Murano]]-Burano-[[Treporti]]-[[Punta Sabbioni]]) 
14 ([[Venice|S.Zaccaria]]-[[Lido of Venice|Lido SME]]-[[Punta Sabbioni]]-Burano) 
A night service also operates.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Rio Giudecca in Burano.jpg|Rio della Giudecca
File:Burano, fondamenta di terranova 02.jpg|Rio di Terranova
File:Rio Pontinello in Burano.jpg|Rio del Pontinello
File:0 Burano, Fondamenta di Cao Moleca, Rio San Mauro et Fondamenta Cavanella (1).jpg|Nearly all buildings are painted in rich colors
File:"Luce che viene e luce che va".jpg|View on a canal at dawn
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of islands of Italy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Burano}}

{{Portalbar|Geography|Islands|Italy}}
{{Islands of the Venetian Lagoon}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Burano| ]]
[[Category:Islands of the Venetian Lagoon]]
[[Category:Frazioni of the Metropolitan City of Venice]]
[[Category:Geography of Venice]]
[[Category:20th-century establishments in Venice]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Veneto]]