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Burnt Pine

2024-05-21T13:16:58Z

50.81.237.217: /* Notable sites in Burnt Pine and Middlegate */ rm superfluous promo

{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = town
| name = Burnt Pine
| state = ni
| image = Burnt Pine in Norfolk Island, Australia.jpg
| caption = Town of Burnt Pine in Norfolk Island, Australia.
| image_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|29|2|S|167|57|E|display=inline,title}}
| pop = 180
| pop_year = 2007
| pop_footnotes =
| density =
| density_footnotes =
| est =
| postcode = 2899
| elevation =
| elevation_footnotes =
| area =
| area_footnotes =
| timezone = NFT
| utc = +11
| timezone-dst =
| utc-dst =
| dist1 = 3
| dir1 = NW
| location1 = [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]]
| stategov =
| fedgov = [[Division of Bean|Bean]]
| maxtemp =
| maxtemp_footnotes =
| mintemp =
| mintemp_footnotes =
| rainfall =
| rainfall_footnotes =
| near-n =
| near-ne =
| near-e =
| near-se =
| near-s =
| near-sw =
| near-w =
| near-nw =
| near =
}}
'''Burnt Pine''' ([[Norfuk language|Norf'k]]: ''Ban Pain''<ref name="Buffett1">Buffett, Alice Inez, ''Speak Norfolk Today: An Encyclopedia of the Norfolk Island language'', Himii Publishing, Norfolk Island, 1999: 25</ref>) is the largest town on [[Norfolk Island]], an [[Australia]]n external territory located in the [[Pacific Ocean]] between [[New Caledonia]] and [[New Zealand]]. It is the main commercial hub of the island, and travel from one side of the island to another generally involves passing through Burnt Pine as the island's sole thoroughfare runs through the town's centre.

==Geography==
The town is located on a roughly east–west-aligned ridge of volcanic soils, about {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=off}} [[above sea level]]. The headwaters of Cascade Creek and Broken Bridge Creek (northern side) and Watermill Creek (southern side) flow from just below the ridge.<ref name="Ausmap">Australian Surveying and Land Information Group, ''Map and Visitors Guide'', Ausmap, Department of Administrative Services, Canberra 1992</ref>

==History==
In 1795, First Fleeter Andrew Goodwin was granted a prime sixty-acre lot (lot 64) on Middlegate and Queen Elizabeth Roads Norfolk Island, where he lived with his wife Lydia (Letitia) Munro and his children until 1802.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://firstfleetfellowship.org.au/convicts/andrew-goodwin-and-lydia-munro/|title=Andrew Goodwin : Lydia Munro - First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc|website=firstfleetfellowship.org.au|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-16}}</ref> A map of 1844 labels the area 'Sheep Station', and a 1904 map shows the area as large rural holdings.<ref name="Buffett2">Buffett, Alice Inez, ''Coconuts to Computers: A concise illustrated history of Norfolk Island and its people'', Himii Publishing, Norfolk Island 2004: 9, 224</ref> The impetus for founding the town came in 1942 during the [[Pacific War]], when construction of a military aerodrome began (now the Norfolk Island Airport). This involved the destruction of the [[convict]]-planted Pine Avenue for the east–west runway. Between 1943 and 1944, the Army produced the ''Burnt Pine News'', the first [[eponymous]] use of the place name. By the end of the war, a number of shops and a new hospital had been built around the intersection of Taylors Road and Grassy Road (the original location of the name Burnt Pine), and in 1946, Rawson Hall was built in Taylors Road.<ref name="Hitch">Hitch, Gil, ''The Pacific War 1941-1945 and Norfolk Island'', Gilbert Hitch, Norfolk Island 1992</ref> Regular commercial air services from 1946 onwards brought a gradual increase in tourism, and Burnt Pine was well placed on the airport edge for siting new guest houses and shops, such as Holloway's 'Sample Rooms', a tea shop that operated on a rise in Taylors Road known as Holloways Hill.<ref>Buffett, 2004: 145, 212</ref> A new hospital was built in 1952 on the Grassy Road corner.<ref>Buffett, 2004: 98</ref> The expansion of the town matched the growth of the tourism industry.<ref name="Nobbs">Nobbs, Raymond, ''Norfolk Island and its Third Settlement: the first hundred years'', Library of Australian History, Sydney 2006: chapter 10 passim</ref> Development spread eastwards along Taylors Road: Prentice's [[duty-free shop]] opened on Taylors Road in 1953,<ref name="Howard">Howard, Alice, 'Norfolk Living', ''The Norfolk Island News'' 26 March 1980: 36</ref> as did the 'Leeside' store near the New Cascade Road corner.<ref>Buffett, 2004: 134</ref> The tourist boom started in the mid-1960s, and as the town spread, the name Burnt Pine followed and now refers to the whole urbanised area.<ref name="Hoare">Hoare, Merval, ''Rambler's Guide to Norfolk Island'', [[Merval Hoare]], Norfolk Island 1965/2005: 41</ref>

== Urban layout ==
The town has a [[ribbon development]] form strung along Taylors Road, with its boundaries marked by cattle grids on Taylors Road, New Cascade Road, Grassy Road, Douglas Drive and Ferny Lane. Central Taylors Road around the intersection with New Cascade Road forms the town's [[High Street]] or [[Central business district|CBD]] and contains its major [[infrastructure]]. Shops, cafes, offices, service clubs, several tourist resort complexes and a few residential properties line both sides of the street. The Bicentennial Complex on Taylors Road contains the main public buildings (Visitor Centre, Post Office, Customs & Immigration Offices and Liquor Bond Store), Rawson Hall and the Lions Park sports grounds and oval. Other public buildings are the Norfolk Island Hospital on Grassy Road and the Norfolk Telecom Offices on New Cascade Road. There are no real side streets or blocks below the ridge. Taylors Road merges into Douglas Drive and the [[Norfolk Island Airport]] marking the western edge of the town. The town's buildings mainly date from the 1970s and 1980s and are mainly single storied, sitting low in the landscape.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

==Population==
Census population figures are not available for the various districts of Norfolk Island. The population of Burnt Pine was estimated to be {{val|180}} in 2007.<ref>Diatlof, N., ''Norfolk island Hydrology Study'', Norfolk Island Administration, Kingston 2007: 5</ref>

== Municipal governance ==
There is no level of municipal governance in Norfolk Island, and the town has no formal boundaries. The Chamber of Commerce provides an avenue for involvement by business people in lobbying the Territory government for improved facilities and maintenance of public spaces. The town has no distinctive emblems or heraldry.

== Nearby towns and hamlets ==
'''Kingston''', the capital of Norfolk Island and main landing place, is about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=off}} to the south. '''Middlegate''', the site of [https://web.archive.org/web/20050211143632/http://www.school.edu.nf/ Norfolk Island Central School], is a [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] on the eastern fringe of Burnt Pine. Middlegate's main street is Queen Elizabeth Avenue, running from Taylors Road to the Middlegate Crossroads. The school is located at the crossroads, as is the Bounty Folk Museum, formerly Uncle Joe Jenkins General Store.<ref>Buffett, 2004: 169</ref> Several tourist resorts have a Queen Elizabeth Avenue address whereas the main public space is the Queen Victoria Gardens. '''Cascade''', the secondary landing place, with no buildings other than a [[pier]] and [[weighbridge]] and the ruins of an old whaling station, is about {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=off}} to the north of the town.

== Notable sites in Burnt Pine and Middlegate ==
;Burnt Pine
* Norfolk Island Bowling Club 1939
* Rawson Hall 1946
* South Pacific Hotel
* Lions Park sports grounds and grandstand 1974
* The Bicentennial Complex 1988
* Bounty Square and ship monument 2000
;Middlegate
* Bounty Folk Museum 1980
* Governor's Lodge Resort 1998
* Fletcher's Mutiny Cyclorama 2002
* Queen Victoria Gardens 2009

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island]]

Kalpakkam

2024-05-10T16:15:25Z

50.81.237.217: /* Recreation */ rm unsourced from this section

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalpakkam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Township
| image_skyline = Kalpakkam SkyLine.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = 1st Street, Kalpakkam Township
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.557563|N|80.175406|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = ~20000+
| population_as_of = 2002
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 603 102
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-44
| registration_plate = TN-19
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kancheepuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kancheepuram]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Cheyyur taluk|Cheyyur]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Kalpakkam''' is a township in [[Tamil Nadu]], India, situated on the [[Coromandel Coast]] 70 kilometres south of [[Chennai]]. A conglomerate of two villages (Puduppattinam and Sadurangappatinam) and a [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|DAE]] township, it is about {{convert|55|km|mi}} from [[Thiruvanmiyur]] and {{convert|85|km|mi}} from [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. This coastal town is humid. Summers here prevail from early March till
late May. Temperatures in the Summer vary from 32 degrees Celsius and can go up to 41 degrees Celsius. There is no particular Monsoon season for Kalpakkam as rains are unpredictable here, although there is heavy rainfall in the months of October and November, usually turning into a storm. The coolest months are December and January. A study by the Madras Atomic Power Station(MAPS) revealed that the pollution in Kalpakkam is very low, which when compared to the neighbouring city Chennai is 50 times less.

Kalpakkam is known for its [[nuclear plant]]s and affiliated research installations. These include the [[Madras Atomic Power Station]] (MAPS), a nuclear power plant, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research ([[IGCAR]]), an affiliate of the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]] (DAE) and the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC). Kalpakkam hosts the only nuclear plant in India with a Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) and a Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR).

Due to increasing congestion in Kalpakkam arising from the need to accommodate more employees, a new township of Anupuram/Amaipakkam, {{convert|8|km}} from Kalpakkam, was inaugurated in 1998.

On December 26, 2004, the [[tsunami]] caused by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] generated widespread damage and resulted in 200 deaths in and around Kalpakkam. There is a tsunami memorial having a white oval plaque engraved with the names of 39 people who lost their lives in the tsunami.

==Facilities==
Kalpakkam is a well built and planned township. The schools present in the township are Atomic Energy Central School (AECS 1 and 2), [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]-1, [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]-2, Govt Hr. Secondary School and Infant Jesus Matric Hr. Sec. School on Pudupattinam. The township is split into two sides: the [[Sadras]] and [[Pudupattinam, Kanchipuram|Pudupattinam]] sides. Both sides have similar facilities and also good facilities for sports, but Pudupattinam has larger and more complete facilities, such as the hospital and the General Services Organization (GSO). The two sides are separated by two bridges over the canal which joins the sea nearby and well over the backwater. The backwater is a visiting place by many migratory birds especially the rarely seen [[Siberian crane]] in the depths of winter. The backwater can be clearly seen through the compound walls of K.V-2 in Sadras.

==Recreation==
[[File:Wall in kalpakkam.JPG|thumb|Tsunami wall in Kalpakkam]]
Until a few years ago, the beach at Kalpakkam used to be lined with [[casuarina]] trees and only a few weeds. Nowadays, to avoid the widespread damage in case of a tsunami again, weed growth is starting to dominate, which the locals are fighting to keep in check. A tsunami wall has been built across the seashore in case of another tsunami. The relatively calm waters are free of sharks.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Kalpakkam is also very close to [[Mamallapuram]], a tourist destination near Chennai. The environment within the township has been maintained for over 30 years. The township contains numerous trees and various parks, and recreation facilities, including tennis courts, music, dance, swimming academies and other sport activities.

==NESCO==
{{other uses|NESCO (disambiguation)}}
NESCO (Nuclear Employee Sports and Cultural Organisation), previously KRC (Kalpakkam Recreation Centre) is governed by an elected employee council. It offers various facilities for members: Swimming, [[Movies]]{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}, [[Basketball]], [[Volleyball]], [[Football (soccer)|Football]], [[Badminton]], [[Carrom]], [[Chess]], [[Table tennis|Table Tennis]] and a [[Gymnasium (school)|Gym]]. There is also a tennis court and Swimming pool where competitions are held annually.

==Bus routes==
The township is well connected by road and [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]] operates buses from Chennai, [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[Bangalore]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Trichy]], [[Nagercoil]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]], [[Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai]] [[Chittoor]], [[Tindivanam]] and [[Kanchipuram]]. The [[East Coast Road]] connecting Chennai and Pondicherry passes through Pudupattinam.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!Route Number
!Start
!End
!Via
|-
|108 Cut
|Kalpakkam
|[[Chengalpattu]]
|[[Tirukalukundram]]
|-
|118
|Kalpakkam
|Chennai
|[[Mahabalipuram]], [[East Coast Road]]
|-
|119
|Kalpakkam
|Chennai
|[[Mahabalipuram]], [[Old Mahabalipuram Road]]
|-
|157 Cut
|Kalpakkam
|[[Kanchipuram]]
|Chengalpattu
|-
|157
|Kalpakkam
|[[Vellore]]
|[[Kanchipuram]]
|-
|164 C
|Kalpakkam
|[[Chittoor]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Arakonam]]
|-
|188 C
|Chennai
|Cheyyur
|[[Mahabalipuram]], Kalpakkam
|-
|188 D
|Chennai
|Anaicut
|[[Mahabalipuram]], Kalpakkam
|-
|212 H
|Kalpakkam
|[[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Arakonam]], [[Thiruthani]]
|-
|471 UD
|Kalpakkam
|[[Coimbatore]]
|Chengalpattu, [[Tindivanam]], [[Villupuram]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
|-
|834 UD
|Kalpakkam
|[[Bangalore]]
|[[Kanchipuram]], [[Vellore]], [[Krishnagiri]], [[Hosur]]
|-
|197 UD
|Kalpakkam
|[[Nagercoil]]
|Chengalpattu, [[Trichy]], [[Madurai]],Thirunelveli
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kalpakkam}}
* http://www.igcar.gov.in
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929021057/http://www.kalpakkam.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=59&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 "Will the Kalpakkam Nuclear Establishment & the Indian Atomic Energy Commission Learn its Lessons from the December 26 Tsunami?" - An Indepth Critique]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Chengalpattu district]]

Georgetown Township, Clay County, Minnesota

2024-04-29T20:34:17Z

50.81.237.217: /* Demographics */ rm vandalism

{{short description|Township in Minnesota, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Georgetown Township
|settlement_type = [[Township (United States)|Township]]
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


||pushpin_map =Minnesota#USA
|pushpin_label_position =left 
|pushpin_map_caption =Location within the state of Minnesota
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map = |mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =


|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Minnesota]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Minnesota|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Clay County, Minnesota|Clay]]


|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 95.5
|area_land_km2 = 95.5
|area_water_km2 = 0.0
|area_total_sq_mi = 36.9
|area_land_sq_mi = 36.9
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0


|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2000|2000]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 188
|population_density_km2 = 2.0
|population_density_sq_mi = 5.1


|timezone = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset = -6
|timezone_DST = CDT
|utc_offset_DST = -5
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 269
|elevation_ft = 883
|coordinates = {{coord|47|6|1|N|96|45|52|W|region:US-MN|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 56546
|area_code = [[Area code 218|218]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 27-23516<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0664260<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Georgetown Township''' is a township in [[Clay County, Minnesota|Clay County]], [[Minnesota]], United States. The population was 188 at the 2000 census.

Georgetown Township took its name from the [[Georgetown, Minnesota|Georgetown]] trading post.<ref>{{cite book|last=Upham|first=Warren|title=Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance|url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog|year=1920|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|page=[https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog/page/n135 116]}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the township has a total area of {{convert|36.9|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 188 people, 69 households, and 52 families residing in the township. The population density was {{convert|5.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 71 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1.9|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the township was 98.94% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.53% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] and 0.53% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.66% of the population.

There were 69 households, out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.2% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.7% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $40,000, and the median income for a family was $51,250. Males had a median income of $39,821 versus $32,917 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the township was $17,178. About 13.0% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 20.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 6.7% of those 65 or over.

The Township is bisected by two main roads. Highway 75 and County Route 34.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Clay County, Minnesota}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Townships in Clay County, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Townships in Minnesota]]