Earl of Carnarvon

2025-09-15T06:31:20Z

51.191.86.171: date update

{{short description|Earldom in the Peerage of Great Britain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Earldom of Carnarvon
| image = [[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|150px|center]][[File:Herbert arms (Earl of Carnarvon).svg|180px]]
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Arms of Herbert: ''Per pale azure and gules three lions rampant argent a crescent for difference''
| creation_date = 3 July 1793<ref name="burke">{{cite book |title=[[Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood]] |publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |editor-last= Mosley |editor-first= Charles |editor-link= Charles Mosley (genealogist) |edition=107th |year= 2003 |page= 697 |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}}</ref>
| creation = Third
| monarch = [[George III]]
| peerage = [[Peerage of Great Britain]]
| first_holder = [[Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Carnarvon|Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Porchester]]
| last_holder =
| present_holder = [[George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon]]
| heir_apparent = George Herbert, Lord Porchester
| heir_presumptive =
| remainder_to = 1st Earl's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten
| subsidiary_titles = Baron Porchester {{small|(17 October 1780)}}
| extinction_date =
| family_seat = [[Highclere Castle]]
| former_seat =
| motto = ''Ung je serviray'' ('I will serve but one master')<ref name="burke"/>
| footnotes =
}}

'''Earl of Carnarvon''' is a title that has been created three times in British history.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Carnarvon, Earldom of}}</ref> The current holder is [[George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon]]. The [[Caernarfon|town]] and [[Caernarfonshire|county]] in [[Wales]] to which the title refers are historically spelled Caernarfon, having been Anglicised to Carnarvon or Caernarvon. The traditional Welsh spelling is itself a modified form of the original name of antiquity, Caer-yn-Arfon, meaning fortification opposite the island of Mona (now called Ynys Môn, or [[Anglesey]] in English).<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of Caernarfon|website=information Britain|url=http://information-britain.co.uk/history/town/Caernarfon68/}}</ref>

==History==
The '''first creation''' came in the [[Peerage of England]] in 1628 in favour of [[Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon|Robert Dormer, 2nd Baron Dormer of Wyng]].<ref name=EB1911/> For more information on this creation, which became extinct in 1709, see the [[Baron Dormer]].<ref name="burke"/>

The '''second creation''' was in 1714<ref name=EB1911/> in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] for [[James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos|James Brydges, 9th Baron Chandos]]. In 1719 he was further honoured when he was made ''Marquess of Carnarvon'' and ''Duke of Chandos''. For more information on this creation, which became extinct in 1789, see the [[Duke of Chandos]].{{sfn|Mosley|2003|p=698|ps=none}}

The '''third creation''' was in 1793 in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] for [[Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Carnarvon|Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Porchester]].<ref name=EB1911/> The precise form of this creation was ''Earl of the Town and County of Carnarvon'', in the [[Principality of Wales]], although in practice only the style of ''Earl of Carnarvon'' is used. He had previously represented [[Wilton (UK Parliament constituency)|Wilton]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and had already in 1780 been created ''Baron Porchester'', of High Clere in the County of Southampton (also in the Peerage of Great Britain).<ref name="burke"/> Herbert was the son of Major-General the Hon. William Herbert, fifth son of [[Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke]]. He was succeeded by his eldest son [[Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon|Henry George Herbert]], the second Earl, who sat as [[Whig Party (UK)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Cricklade (UK Parliament constituency)|Cricklade]].

His eldest son [[Henry Herbert, 3rd Earl of Carnarvon|Henry John George Herbert]], the third Earl, briefly represented [[Wootton Bassett (UK Parliament constituency)|Wootton Bassett]] in Parliament as a [[Tory]] before he succeeded his father in the earldom. His eldest son [[Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon|Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert]], the fourth Earl, was a prominent [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician and served as [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] and as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]. He was succeeded by his only son from his first marriage, [[George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon]], who is noted for discovering the tomb of [[Tutankhamun]] along with [[Howard Carter (archaeologist)|Howard Carter]].{{sfn|Mosley|2003|p=698|ps=none}}

{{As of|2020}}, the titles are held by the fifth earl's great-grandson, the eighth Earl, who succeeded in 2001.

Several other members of this branch of the Herbert family may be mentioned. The Very Reverend the Hon. [[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]], third son of the first Earl, was a clergyman and noted botanist. His son [[Henry William Herbert]] was a novelist and writer on sport. [[Robert Herbert|Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert]], [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies|Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]] from 1871 to 1892, was the son of the Hon. [[Algernon Herbert]], fifth son of the first Earl.{{sfn|Mosley|2003|p=698|ps=none}}

The Hon. [[Auberon Herbert]], second son of the third Earl, was a writer, theorist, and philosopher, and also represented [[Nottingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham]] in the House of Commons. He married Lady Florence Amabel Cowper, daughter of [[George Cowper, 6th Earl Cowper]] and his wife Lady Anne Florence de Grey Cowper, 7th Baroness Lucas of Crudwell. In 1905, their only son [[Auberon Herbert, 9th Baron Lucas of Crudwell|Auberon Herbert]] succeeded his uncle as ninth [[Baron Lucas of Crudwell]] (see this title for further history of this branch of the family).{{sfn|Mosley|2003|p=698|ps=none}}

The Hon. [[Aubrey Herbert]], second son of the fourth Earl, was Member of Parliament for [[South Somerset (UK Parliament constituency)|South Somerset]] and for [[Yeovil (UK Parliament constituency)|Yeovil]]. His son [[Auberon Herbert (landowner)|Auberon Herbert]] was an expert on Eastern Europe.{{sfn|Mosley|2003|p=698|ps=none}} His daughter Laura Herbert was the second wife of the novelist [[Evelyn Waugh]] and mother of the journalist [[Auberon Waugh]].

The family seat of the Herbert Earls of Carnarvon is [[Highclere Castle]] in [[Hampshire]], which was the filming location for the UK television series ''[[Downton Abbey]]''. The traditional burial place of the Herbert Earls of Carnarvon is the Carnarvon Mausoleum, located in the park at Highclere Castle;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmtrust.org.uk/mausolea/view/71/Carnarvon_Mausoleum|title=Carnarvon Mausoleum|website=www.mmtrust.org.uk|accessdate=19 July 2022}}</ref> some other family members are buried in the Herbert Mausoleum at the Church of All Saints, [[Burghclere]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmtrust.org.uk/mausolea/view/67/Herbert_Mausoleum|title=Herbert Mausoleum|website=www.mmtrust.org.uk|accessdate=19 July 2022}}</ref>

==Earl of Carnarvon, first creation (1628)==
[[File:DormerArms.svg|thumb|Arms of Dormer: ''Azure, ten billets or 4,3,2,1 issuant from a chief of the second a demi-lion rampant sable langued gules'']]
*see the [[Baron Dormer]]

==Earl of Carnarvon, second creation (1714)==
*see the [[Duke of Chandos]]

==Earl of Carnarvon, third creation ==

===Baron Porchester (1780)===
*[[Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Carnarvon|Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Porchester]] (1741–1811), was created '''Earl of Carnarvon''' in 1793

===Earl of Carnarvon (1793)===
[[File:Herbert arms.svg|thumb|Arms of Herbert, [[Difference (heraldry)|undifferenced]]]]
*[[Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Carnarvon]] (1741–1811)
*[[Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon|Henry George Herbert, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon]] (1772–1833)
*[[Henry Herbert, 3rd Earl of Carnarvon|Henry John George Herbert, 3rd Earl of Carnarvon]] (1800–1849)
*[[Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon|Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon]] (1831–1890)
*[[George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon|George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon]] (1866–1923), bankroller of the discovery of [[Tutankhamun|Tutankhamun's]] [[KV62|tomb]].
*[[Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon|Henry George Alfred Marius Victor Francis Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon]] (1898–1987)
*[[Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon|Henry George Reginald Molyneux Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon]] (1924–2001)
*[[George Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon|George Reginald Oliver Molyneux Herbert, 8th Earl of Carnarvon]] (born 1956)

{{Asof|2025}}, the [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's elder son, George Kenneth Oliver Molyneux Herbert, Lord Porchester (born 1992).

The 8th Earl of Carnarvon was the [[heir presumptive]] to the [[Earl of Pembroke|earldom of Pembroke]] and the [[Earl of Montgomery|earldom of Montgomery]] until the birth of Reginald Henry Michael, Lord Herbert, to [[William Herbert, 18th Earl of Pembroke]], on 21 October 2012. The 8th Earl of Carnarvon is currently third in line to those titles.

==Arms==
{{Emblem table
|image = File:Herbert Earl of Carnarvon Achievement with mullet.svg
|crest = A Wyvern with wings elevated Vert holding in the mouth a Sinister Hand couped at the wrist Gules
|coronet = A [[coronet]] of an Earl
|escutcheon = Per pale Azure and Gules three Lions rampant Argent, a crescent argent in the chief between the partitions<ref>{{cite book|language=en|title=Armorial general|first=Johannes Baptist|last =Rietstap|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Co.|year=2003|volume= 2|page=297|isbn=0-8063-4811-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGwv4BDnlaQC&q=orange|access-date = 26 May 2015}}:{{Blockquote|Herbert Comte de Carnarvon - Angleterre - (Lord Porchester, 17 oct. 1780; comte de C., 3 juillet 1793) - Parti d'azur et de gueules à trois lions d'argent armés et lampassés d'or 2 et 1 et un croissant d'argent en chef brochant sur le parti Cimier un dragon ailé de sinople tenant entre ses dents une main senestre de gueules Supports à dextre une panthère d'argent tachetée d'émaux divers la tête posée de front jetant des flammes par la bouche et les oreilles colletée d'une couronne partie de gueules et d'azur et enchaînée d'azur à senestre un lion d'argent colleté d'une couronne de gueules Devise UNG JE SERVIRAY."}}</ref>
|supporters = Dexter: a Panther guardant Argent semée of Torteaux and Hurts flames issuant from the mouth and ears proper; Sinister: a Lion Argent, each ducally gorged per pale Azure and Gules and chained Or and charged on the shoulder with an Ermine Spot Sable
|motto =''UNG JE SERVIRAY'' ("ONE I WILL SERVE")
}}

==See also==
*[[Herbert family]]
*[[Earl of Pembroke]]
*[[Baron Lucas of Crudwell]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Attribution===
*{{cite book |last=Hesilrige |first=Arthur G. M. |date=1921| title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy| url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/176 | location=London |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited|page=176}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
*{{Hansard-contribs | mr-henry-herbert-7 | Henry George Alfred Marius Victor Francis Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon }}
*[https://www.highclerecastle.co.uk/ Highclere Castle]

{{Extant British earldoms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carnarvon}}
[[Category:Earls of Carnarvon (1793 creation)| ]]
[[Category:Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1628]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1714]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1793]]

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Earl of Carnarvon