British Museum tube station

2025-08-31T23:23:58Z

82.45.172.71:

{{Short description|Disused tube station in London, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox London station
| name=British Museum
| owner=[[Central London Railway]]
| locale=[[Holborn]]
| borough=[[London Borough of Camden|Camden]]
| platforms=2
| years1 = {{start date|1900|07|30|df=y}}
| events1 = Opened
| years15 = {{end date|1933|09|24|df=y}}
| events15 = Closed
| replace=[[Holborn tube station|Holborn]]
| coordinates = {{coord|51.5175|-0.1228|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| map_type= Central London
| image_name = File:British Museum tube station 2.jpg
| caption= The station after closure
}}

'''British Museum''' was a station on the [[London Underground]], located in [[Holborn]], central London. It was latterly served by the [[Central line (London Underground)|Central line]] and took its name from the nearby [[British Museum]] in [[Great Russell Street]].

The station was opened by the [[Central London Railway]] in 1900. In 1933, with the expansion of [[Holborn tube station|Holborn station]], less than {{Convert|100|yards}} away, British Museum station was permanently closed. It was subsequently used as a military office and command post, but in 1989 the surface building was demolished. A portion of the eastbound tunnel, visible from passing trains, is used to store materials for track maintenance.

==History==
British Museum station was opened on 30 July 1900 by the [[Central London Railway]] (CLR; now the [[Central line (London Underground)|Central line]]), with its entrance located at No. 133, [[High Holborn]] (now Hogarth House, a co-working/workspace venue), near the junction with New Oxford Street.<ref name=rose>{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Douglas |title=The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History |year=1999 |publisher=Douglas Rose/Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-219-4 }}</ref> In December 1906, [[Holborn tube station|Holborn station]] was opened by the [[Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway]] (GNP&BR; now the [[Piccadilly line]]) less than 100 yards away. Despite being built and operated by separate companies, it was common for the underground railways to plan routes and locate stations so that interchanges could be easily formed between services. This had been done by other lines connecting with the CLR stations at [[Oxford Circus tube station|Oxford Circus]] and [[Tottenham Court Road tube station|Tottenham Court Road]], but an interchange station was not initially constructed between the GNP&BR and the CLR because the tunnel alignment to British Museum station would not have been suitable for the GNP&BR's route to its [[Aldwych tube station|Strand station]] (later renamed Aldwych). The junction between High Holborn and the newly constructed [[Kingsway, London|Kingsway]] was also a more prominent location for a station than that chosen by the CLR.
[[File:British museum tube stn map.png|thumb|left|British Museum station featured on an old version of the [[Tube map]]]]

The possibility of an underground passageway was initially mooted, but the idea suffered from the complexity of tunneling between the stations. Holborn station was, in any case, better situated than British Museum, as it had better tram connections (Holborn had [[Holborn tramway station|a stop]] on the now defunct [[Kingsway tramway subway]]). A proposal to enlarge the tunnels under High Holborn to create new platforms at Holborn station for the CLR and to abandon the British Museum station was originally included in a [[Local and Personal Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|private bill]] submitted to parliament by the CLR in November 1913,<ref name=gazette_01>
{{London Gazette
|date=25 November 1913
|issue=28776
|pages=8539–8541

}}
</ref> although the [[World War I|First World War]] prevented any work taking place. The works were eventually carried out as part of the modernisation of Holborn station at the beginning of the 1930s when [[escalator]]s were installed in place of [[elevator|lift]]s. British Museum station was closed on 24 September 1933, with the new platforms at Holborn opening the following day.<ref name=rose/>

British Museum station was subsequently used up to the 1960s as a military administrative office and emergency command post, but the surface station building was demolished in 1989, and the platforms could no longer be accessed from street level. The platforms have since been removed, thus lowering the entire tunnel floor to track level. A portion of the eastbound tunnel is used by engineers to store materials for track maintenance, which can be seen from passing trains.

==In popular culture==
[[File:British Museum tube 2004 alt.jpg|thumb|The station in 2004]]

* In the [[Neil Gaiman]] novel ''[[Neverwhere (novel)|Neverwhere]]'' the main character, Richard Mayhew, a Londoner, protests that there is no British Museum station, only to be proved wrong when his train stops there.
* The station was mentioned in the 1972 horror film ''[[Death Line]]'', but contrary to popular belief, it is not the station portrayed in the film as being the home of a community of [[Human cannibalism|cannibal]]s descended from Victorian railway workers. The cannibals venture out at night to snatch travellers from the platforms of operating stations and take them back to their gruesome 'pantry' at an incomplete station. [[Donald Pleasence]] stars as the investigating police inspector, and when finally cornered, one of the cannibals screams a corrupted form of "Mind the doors!", obviously having picked it up parrot-fashion from the guards on the Underground trains. The station in question is named simply 'Museum' and is clearly stated as being 'between' Holborn and British Museum stations in a conversation between Pleasence's character and a colleague. It is supposedly part of a completely separate line that was not completed owing to the construction company going [[bankrupt]]. Signs in the abandoned station also only state 'Museum' as the name.
* In the finale of the TV series ''[[Culprits (TV series)|Culprits]]'', the climactic scene is set in the fictional ticket office of an abandoned station called British Museum.
* The station was featured in the [[Bulldog Drummond]] spin-off film ''[[Bulldog Jack]]'' as the location reached by a secret tunnel leading from the inside of a [[sarcophagus]] in the British Museum. The villain Morelle ([[Ralph Richardson]]) is finally cornered and forced into a sword duel on the disused platforms, which were a studio set. The station was renamed 'Bloomsbury' in the film.
* The station briefly featured in the computer game ''[[Broken Sword: The Smoking Mirror]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://londonist.com/2016/03/explore-london-in-early-video-games | title=Explore London in Early Video Games | date=18 March 2016 }}</ref> in which [[Nico Collard]] escapes from the British Museum and finds the station. She then manages to stop the passing trains. The station in the game, however, is depicted as having its exit actually inside the British Museum itself. A station named 'Museum' also features in the earlier game ''[[Beneath a Steel Sky]]'', by the same company, but the apparent Australian setting for the latter game, as well as its proximity to a station named 'St. James' suggests this is actually the [[Museum railway station]] in Sydney.
* The station is reputed to be haunted by the ghost of the daughter of an [[Egyptian Pharaoh]] called [[Amen-ra]] which would appear and scream so loudly that the noise would carry down the tunnels to adjoining stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghost-story.co.uk/stories/londonundergoundghostsbritishmuseumstation.html|title=London Underground Ghosts - British Museum Station|publisher=www.ghost-story.co.uk|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425151727/http://www.ghost-story.co.uk/stories/londonundergoundghostsbritishmuseumstation.html|archive-date=2012-04-25}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of former and unopened London Underground stations]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|British Museum tube station}}
* [http://www.abandonedstations.org.uk/British_Museum_station.html London's Abandoned Tube Stations - British Museum]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051221054443/http://underground-history.co.uk/deeplevel.html Underground History: Deep Level Lines]
* [http://www.bl.uk/collection-items/photographs-showing-the-construction-of-the-london-undergrounds-central-line Photographs showing the construction of the British Museum underground station] at the British Library
* [https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/photographs London Transport Museum Photographic Archive]
** {{LTM archive|1998-88180|Station platform in 1903}}
** {{LTM archive|1998-78698|British Museum station, 1930}}
** {{LTM archive|1999-10291|Disused eastbound platform being bricked-up for use as air-raid shelter, 1941}}

{{clear}}
{{Adjacent stations|system=London Underground|line=Central|left=Tottenham Court Road|right=Chancery Lane|to-left=Ealing Broadway|to-right=Liverpool Street}}

{{closed london underground stations}}
{{Central line navbox}}

[[Category:Central line (London Underground) stations]]
[[Category:Disused London Underground stations]]
[[Category:Disused railway stations in the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:Former Central London Railway stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1900]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1933]]
[[Category:British Museum|Tube station]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bloomsbury]]
[[Category:Railway stations located underground in the United Kingdom]]

PVR

2024-04-07T14:34:12Z

82.45.172.71: /* Other */

{{wiktionary|PVR}}
'''PVR''' may refer to:

==Science and biology==
* [[Plant variety rights]], granted to a plant breeder
* [[CD155]], a protein commonly known as the poliovirus receptor
* [[Post-void residual volume]], the amount of urine retained in the bladder after a voluntary void
* [[Proliferative vitreoretinopathy]], an eye disease
* [[Pulmonary vascular resistance]], a type of resistance that must be overcome to create blood flow
* Petrol vapour recovery, a type of [[vapor recovery]]

==Companies==
* [[Ranger Oil Corporation]] (formerly Penn Virginia Resources), a mining company
* [[PVR INOX]] (formerly PVR Cinemas), an Indian theatre chain

==Other==
* [[Personal video recorder]]
* PVR, the IATA code of [[Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport]] in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
* Peak Vehicle Requirement - a concept from transport planning

{{disambiguation}}

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British Museum tube station

PVR