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Montereau-Fault-Yonne

2024-11-14T01:02:22Z

86.144.141.13: /* History */Added link

{{other uses|Montereau (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Montereau-Fault-Yonne
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image = Montereau-Fault-Yonne - City center seen from North bank - 1.jpg
|caption = Bridges over rivers Seine (foreground), Yonne (background) and statue of Napoléon
|image coat of arms = Blason Montereau-Faut-Yonne.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|48.3853|2.9508|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement = Provins
|canton = Montereau-Fault-Yonne
|INSEE = 77305
|postal code = 77130
|mayor = James Chéron<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = [[Communauté de communes du Pays de Montereau|CC Pays de Montereau]]
|elevation m = 53
|elevation min m = 47
|elevation max m = 121
|area km2 = 9.1
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Montereau-Fault-Yonne''' ({{IPA|fr|mɔ̃tʁo fot‿jɔn|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Persepha-Montereau-Fault-Yonne.wav}}, before 1992: ''Montereau-Faut-Yonne''),<ref>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000723347 Décret du 5 août 1992 portant changement de nom de communes], ''Légifrance''.</ref> or simply '''Montereau''', is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Seine-et-Marne]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Île-de-France]] [[Regions of France|region]] in north-central [[France]].

==Geography==
Montereau-Fault-Yonne straddles the confluence of the rivers [[Yonne (river)|Yonne]] and [[Seine]] at the far south-east of the Île-de-France region, 70 km southeast of its administrative centre, [[Paris]]. The [[A5 autoroute]] (Paris–Troyes–Chaumont) passes northeast of the town. [[Montereau station]] links by rail Laroche-Migennes, Melun and Paris. It is approximately equidistant between slightly larger [[Melun]] and [[Sens]].

==Name==
The city takes its name from its geographical position on the confluence of the [[Yonne (river)|Yonne]] and the [[Seine]] rivers. ''{{lang|fr|Fault}}'', also spelled ''{{lang|fr|faut}}'' comes from the verb ''{{lang|fr|faillir}}'' ("to fail") in its old meaning ''to fall''. Montereau is where the Yonne falls into the Seine.

==Sights==
[[File:Montereau-Fault-Yonne - Surville - Place Jean XXIII - 2.jpg|thumb|left|John XXIII Square, in Surville.]]
The town is split in three by the rivers, ''{{lang|fr|ville basse}}'' situated on the southern shore and ''Surville'' on the hill to the north. The old town centre is located in ''{{lang|fr|ville basse}}'' while ''Surville'' is an assembly of high rise buildings, erected after World War II, and is in many ways a typical ''{{lang|fr|cité}}'' in the [[Île-de-France]]. Some of these high rise buildings are now (2005) going to be destroyed and replaced by individual houses. The old château-park in ''Surville'' (now the site of a high school ''Lycée André Malraux'') however gives a very nice view over the confluent and the [[Seine-et-Marne]] region.
On the east side, between the two rivers, are the port and an industrial park.

==History==
In 1359, the [[List of Navarrese monarchs|King of Navarre]] [[Charles II of Navarre]], who held the town because of his [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] ascent, lost it to the regent of France (the future king [[Charles V of France|Charles V]]).

[[File:Montereau-Fault-Yonne - Plaque commemorating assassination of John the Fearless.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|Plaque commemorating the murder in 1419 of [[John the Fearless]], on the bridge crossing the Yonne river.]]
[[John the Fearless]] was [[Assassination of John the Fearless|killed on the town's bridge]] in September, 1419 by [[Tanneguy du Chastel]] and the [[Arnaud Guillaume de Barbazan|sire de Barbazan]], during a conference with the [[Dauphin of France|dauphin]] (who became in 1422 [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]]). An inscription on the bridge recalls the event. In the collegiate church Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Loup there is a sword which has long been said to be [[John the Fearless]]', but actually this sword is certainly more recent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amis-collegiale-montereau.org/petite%20histoire.htm |title=Petite Histoire de la Collegiale de Montereau |access-date=2011-08-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331014333/http://www.amis-collegiale-montereau.org/petite%20histoire.htm |archive-date=2012-03-31 }}</ref>

In 1420, [[Philip the Good]], the son of John the Fearless, seized the town, which remained for eight years in the hands of the Anglo-Burgundian coalition. However, at the end of a long siege, the king [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]], helped by [[Jacques de Chabannes]] and [[Jean de Dunois]], managed to take it again.

In 1567, during the [[French Wars of Religion|Wars of Religion]], [[Louis, Prince of Condé (1530–1569)|Condé]] briefly seized the town.

In 1587, the inhabitants of Montereau sided with the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]], but in 1590 they accepted the legitimacy of the new king [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]].

[[File:Montereau-Fault-Yonne - Statue of Napoleon - 1.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Napoleon]], erected during the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]] on the bridge of Montereau.]]
Montereau was also the place of [[Battle of Montereau|one of the last victories]] of [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] on 14 February 1814.

In January 2012, the mayor proposed development of [[Napoleonland|Napoleon's Bivouac]], a commemorative theme park at a projected cost of 200 million euros.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleon.org/en%5Creading_room%5Carticles%5Cfiles%5C480813.asp |title=A New Napoleonic Campaign for Montereau |first=Ottavi |last=Laurent |publisher=Foundation Napoleon |date=8 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929024236/http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/articles/files/480813.asp |archive-date=29 September 2013}}</ref> The plans remain in dispute and nothing has been built.

==Demographics==
Inhabitants of Montereau-Fault-Yonne are called ''{{lang|fr|Monterelais}}''.<ref>[https://www.habitants.fr/seine-et-marne-77 Le nom des habitants du 77 - Seine-et-Marne], habitants.fr</ref> The [[Urban unit|urban area]] of Montereau-Fault-Yonne has 29,458 inhabitants (2018).<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=UU2020-77404 Comparateur de territoire, Unité urbaine 2020 de Montereau-Fault-Yonne (77404)], INSEE</ref>

{{Historical populations
|percentages = pagr
| cols = 2
| align = none
|footnote = Data since 1962 : [[Population without double counting]], Data since 2006 : [[Population without double counting|Municipal population]]
|source = EHESS<ref>{{Cassini-Ehess|23360|Montereau-Fault-Yonne}}</ref> and INSEE<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-77305#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793|3,115
|1800|3,364
|1806|3,453
|1821|3,945
|1831|4,153
|1836|4,494
|1841|4,450
|1846|4,942
|1851|5,465
|1856|6,063
|1861|6,217
|1866|6,748
|1872|6,714
|1876|7,041
|1881|7,306
|1886|7,709
|1891|7,672
|1896|8,041
|1901|7,929
|1906|8,213
|1911|8,617
|1921|8,853
|1926|9,314
|1931|9,965
|1936|9,322
|1946|8,962
|1954|10,119
|1962|14,121
|1968|19,789
|1975|21,568
|1982|19,413
|1990|18,657
|1999|17,625
|2007|16,802
|2012|16,682
|2017|20,206
}}

== Hospital ==
Montereau has a campus of the [[Centre hospitalier Sud Seine et Marne]].

==Economy==
Historically, the city has sported a strong industrial base and thus has strong blue collar roots. In recent decades, unemployment has become an increasing problem, especially within the immigrant community in ''Surville''.

==Twin towns==
Montereau is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the [[Great Britain|British]] town of [[Otley]], north of [[Leeds]].

==See also==
* [[Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Montereau-Fault-Yonne}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Montereau}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121843/http://www.iaurif.org/en/gis/fichescom/mos99/ficmos/mos77305.html 1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)] {{in lang|en}}
* {{Search Mérimée|77305}}

{{Seine-et-Marne communes}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montereaufaultyonne}}
[[Category:Communes of Seine-et-Marne]]

Henry of Almain

2024-11-10T23:27:51Z

86.144.141.13: /* Death */Improved format

{{short description|13th-century English nobleman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image = Henry Almain.jpg
| house = [[Plantagenet]]
| spouse = [[Constance of Béarn]]
| father = [[Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall]]
| mother = [[Isabel Marshal]]
| birth_date = 2 November 1235
| birth_place = [[Hailes Abbey]],<ref name=Martintalk>{{cite web|title=Haughley Castle – its origins, significance and history: a talk given by Edward Martin (Archaeological Officer for Suffolk County Council) Dec 5th 2011|url=https://haughleyhistoryforum.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/haughley-castle-its-origins-significance-and-history-a-talk-given-by-edward-martin-archaeological-officer-for-suffolk-county-council-dec-5th-2011/|website=Haughley History Forum|date=7 December 2011 |accessdate=8 December 2017}}</ref> [[Gloucestershire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1271|3|13|1235|11|2|df=yes}}
| death_place = Chiesa di San Silvestro, [[Viterbo]], Italy
| burial_place = Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire
}}
'''Henry of Almain''' ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]]: ''Henri d'Almayne''; 2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271), also called '''Henry of Cornwall''', was the eldest son of [[Richard, Earl of Cornwall]], afterwards [[King of the Romans]], by his first wife [[Isabel Marshal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tyerman |first1=Christopher|author-link = Christopher Tyerman |title=England and the Crusades, 1095-1588 |date=1988 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226820125 |page=128}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Prestwich |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Prestwich |title=Edward I |date=1988 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=9780520062665 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp2r3xyaDaEC&pg=PA5}}</ref> His surname is derived from a [[vowel shift]] in pronunciation of ''d'Allemagne'' ("of Germany"); he was so called by the elites of England because of his father's status as the elected German ''King of Almayne''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=1&cid=9&ctid=1 |title=Richard Earl of Cornwall - Crusader and King of Almayne |website=Twickenham Museum}}</ref><ref>The archaic term ''Almayne'' ([[wiktionary:Almain|Almain]] etc.) was derived from [[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] ''Allemaine, Almaine'', itself derived from ''Alemaigne'', the [[Old French]] word for Germany.</ref>

== Life ==
Henry was knighted by his father the day after Richard was crowned [[King of the Romans]] at [[Palatine Chapel, Aachen|Aachen]], the usual [[Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor#Locations for the ceremony|coronation place]] for German kings. Richard's coronation took place on 17 May 1257.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10201.htm#c102009.4 |title=Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall |website=The Peerage}}</ref>

As a nephew of both [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] and [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]], he wavered between the two at the beginning of the [[Second Barons' War|Barons' War]], but finally took the royalist side and was among the hostages taken by Montfort after the [[Battle of Lewes]] (1264), was held at [[Wallingford Castle]] and later released.<ref>{{cite book |last=Goldsmith |first=Oliver |author-link=Oliver Goldsmith |title=The history of England, from the earliest times to the death of George II |location=London |publisher=G.G. & J. Robinson |date=1800 |page=284 |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyenglandf05goldgoog#page/n302/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Treharne |first1=Reginald Francis |first2=Ivor John |last2=Sanders |title=Documents of the baronial movement of reform and rebellion, 1258-1267 |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1973 |page=47}}</ref>

In 1268 he [[crusades|took the cross]] with his cousin [[Edward I of England|Edward]], who, however, sent him back from [[Sicily]] to pacify the unruly province of [[Gascony]]. Henry took the land route with [[Philip III of France]] and [[Charles I of Sicily]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Henry of Almain|volume=13|page=297}}</ref>

== Death ==
[[File:Viterbo 1271.jpg|left|thumb|320x320px|The murder of Henry by the de Montforts]]
While attending mass at the church of [[San Silvestro, Viterbo|San Silvestro]] (also called the ''Chiesa del Gesù'') in [[Viterbo]] on 13 March 1271, Henry was murdered by his cousins [[Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola|Guy]] and [[Simon de Montfort the Younger]], sons of [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester]], in revenge for the beheading of their father and older brother at the [[Battle of Evesham]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maddicott |first1=J. R. |title=Simon de Montfort |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521374934 |page=370}}</ref> The deed is mentioned by [[Dante Alighieri]], who took it upon himself to place Guy de Montfort in the seventh circle of hell in his masterpiece, ''[[The Divine Comedy]]'',<ref name="EB1911"/> which was written at least 40 years after Henry's death. Henry was buried at [[Hailes Abbey]] in [[Gloucestershire]].

==Marriage==
Henry was married to [[Constance of Béarn]] (died 1299), eldest of four daughters of [[Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn|Gaston VII of Montcada, Viscount of Béarn]], on 5 May 1269 at [[Windsor Castle]]. No children came of this union, and thus his half-brother, [[Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall|Edmund]], became the heir apparent of their father.

==Notes==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Goldsmith, Oliver, ''The history of England, from the earliest times to the death of George II'', London, 1800.
* Maddicott, J. R., ''Simon de Montfort'', Cambridge University Press, 1994.
* Prestwich, Michael, ''Edward I'', Methuen London Ltd, 1988.
* {{cite DNB|wstitle=Henry of Cornwall|last=Tout|first=Thomas Frederick|volume=26|pages=96-100}}
* Treharne, Reginald Francis, and Ivor John Sanders, ''Documents of the baronial movement of reform and rebellion, 1258-1267'', Oxford University Press, 1973.
* Tyerman, Christopher, ''England and the Crusades, 1095-1588'', University of Chicago Press, 1988.
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry of Almain}}
[[Category:1235 births]]
[[Category:1271 deaths]]
[[Category:English murder victims]]
[[Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded]]
[[Category:House of Plantagenet]]
[[Category:13th-century English people]]
[[Category:High sheriffs of Somerset]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]