Umag

2025-10-16T16:08:03Z

87.1.93.52: /* Language */

{{about|a town in Croatia|the Chilean university|UMAG}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Umag
| official_name = ''Grad Umag'' – ''Città di Umago'' <br> Town of Umag
| native_name = ''Umago''
| settlement_type = [[List of cities and towns in Croatia|Town]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
|photo1a =Umag, Platz Trg. Slobode, Mariä-Himmelfahrt-Kirche und Glockenturm.jpg
|photo2b =Sunset in Umag - panoramio.jpg
|photo3a Stella Maris Resort.jpg
|photo4a =Umag, die Straße Ulica Giuseppe Garibaldi.jpg
|photo4b =15th century bell tower of Parish church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and St. Peregrine in Umag.jpg
|photo4c =Umag-P9170114.jpg
|size = 240
|spacing = 1
|color = #FFFFFF
|border = 1
}}
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Umag
| image_flag = Zastava Umaga.svg
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| image_map = Umag city map.GIF
| mapsize =
| map_caption = Location of Umag in Istria
| pushpin_map = Croatia
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|45|26|N|13|31|E|region:HR|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{CRO}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Croatia|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Istria]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Croatia|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Istria County}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Croatia|Municipality]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|SDP]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Vili Bassanese
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite Q|Q119585703|mode=cs1}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 82.2
| area_land_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 = 6.3
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 0
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|S}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_total = 12699
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban = 6751
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro =
| population_note =
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset = +1
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 52470
| area_code = 052
| website = {{URL|umag.hr}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Umag''' ({{IPA|hr|ûmaɡ|pron}};<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f19jWxd6&keyword=Umag|title=Ȕmag|website=Hrvatski jezični portal|access-date=15 July 2018|language=hr}}</ref> {{langx|it|'''Umago'''}};<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-10-30 |first1=Ivana |last1=Lalli Paćelat |first2=Marija |last2=Brkić Bakarić |first3=Isabella |last3=Matticchio |title=Službena dvojezičnost u Istarskoj županiji: stanje i perspektive |pages=815-837 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/245472 |doi=10.31724/rihjj.46.2.20 |journal=Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik |eissn=1849-0379 |volume=46 |issue=2 |language=hr |trans-title=Official Bilingual Status in Istria County: State and Perspectives}}</ref> {{langx|vec|Umago}}) is a coastal town in [[Istria]], [[Croatia]].

Its [[patron saint]] is [[Peregrine (martyr)|St. Peregrine]].<ref name=IKA>{{cite web|lang=hr|url= https://ika.hkm.hr/novosti/umag-proslavio-sv-peregrina/|title=Umag proslavio sv. Peregrina|date=25 May 2024|trans-title=Umag celebrated St. Peregrine|publisher=Informative Catholic Agency}}</ref>

==Geography==
It is the westernmost town of Croatia, and it includes [[Bašanija]], the westernmost point of Croatia.

==Demographics==
According to the 2021 census, its population was 12,699 with 6,751 living in the city proper.<ref name="Census 2021" />

In 2011, Umag had a population of 7,281, with a total municipal population of 13,467.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population by age and sex by settlements, 2011 census|url=https://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/results/htm/H01_01_01/h01_01_01_zup18_4685.html|access-date=June 30, 2020|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200717202911/https://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/results/htm/H01_01_01/h01_01_01_zup18_4685.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Like many other towns in [[Istria]], Umag has a multi-ethnic population. [[Croats]] have an absolute majority of 59.6%; [[Italians in Croatia|Italians]] 18.3%, [[Serbs in Croatia|Serbs]] 3.8%, [[Slovenes]] 2.2%, [[Bosniaks in Croatia|Bosniaks]] 1.7%, [[Albanians in Croatia|Albanians]] 1.3% and those regionally declared (as Istrians) make up the final 1.57%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/Census2001/Popis/E01_02_02/E01_02_02_zup18.html |title=Population by ethnicity, census 2001 |access-date=2009-05-06 |archive-date=2007-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126052130/http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/Census2001/Popis/E01_02_02/E01_02_02_zup18.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1921, 93%<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Perselli |first=Guerrino |date=1993 |title=I Censimenti della popolazione dell'Istria, con Fiume e Trieste, e di alcune città della Dalmazia tra il 1850 e il 1936 - CRS |url=https://crsrv.org/editoria/etnia/i-censimenti-della-popolazione-dellistria-con-fiume-e-trieste-e-di-alcune-citta-della-dalmazia-tra-il-1850-e-il-1936/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Centro di ricerche storiche Rovigno |language=it-IT}}</ref> of the commune residents used Italian as their ''habitual language''.<ref name="Seton">{{Cite book |last=Seton-Watson |first=Christopher |url=https://archive.org/details/italyfromliberal0000seto/page/353/mode/1up?q=habitual |title=Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870–1925 |publisher=Methuen & Co |year=1967}}</ref> This does not mean that all residents were ethnic Italians at the time. Croatians also used Italian as their primary language in official contexts.

{{Croatian population data graph |popisi=HRV |upisano=2022-06-04 |područje=Town of Umag |p1857=3503 |p1869=3775 |p1880=4536 |p1890=5071 |p1900=5689 |p1910=6548 |p1921=6858 |p1931=7704 |p1948=7103 |p1953=6896 |p1961=7554 |p1971=8160 |p1981=9936 |p1991=12348 |p2001=12901 |p2011=13467 |p2021=12699}}

=== Settlements ===
The list of settlements in the Municipality of Umag.<ref>Names defined in the municipal statute in [http://www.grad-umag.hr/pdf/statut-hr.pdf Croatian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206080254/http://grad-umag.hr/pdf/statut-hr.pdf|date=2009-02-06}} and [http://www.grad-umag.hr/pdf/statut-it.pdf italian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116174825/http://www.grad-umag.hr/pdf/statut-it.pdf|date=2009-11-16}} language, see also the [http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/dodatni/129139.htm ''narodne-novine'' list] (ref. to [http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/127788.html])</ref>{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Babići (Umag)|Babići]] / Babici
*[[Bašanija]] / Bassania
*[[Crveni Vrh]] / Monterosso
*[[Čepljani]] / Ceppiani
*[[Đuba]] / Giubba
*[[Finida]] / Finida
*[[Juricani]] / Giurizzani
*[[Katoro (Umag)|Katoro]] / Cattoro
*[[Kmeti]] / Metti
*[[Križine]] / Cresine
*[[Lovrečica]] / San Lorenzo
*[[Materada]] / Matterada
*[[Monterol]] / Monterol
*[[Murine (Umag)|Murine]] / Morino
*[[Petrovija]] / Petrovia
*[[Savudrija]] / Salvore
*[[Seget (Umag)|Seget]] / Seghetto
*[[Sveta Marija na Krasu, Umag|Sveta Marija na Krasu]] / Madonna del Carso
*'''Umag / Umago'''
*[[Valica]] / Valizza
*[[Vardica]] / Vardizza
*[[Vilanija]] / Villania
*[[Zambratija]] / Zambrattia
{{div col end}}

===Language===
Although the [[Government of the Republic of Croatia]] does not guarantee official Croatian-Italian bilinguialism, the statute of Umag itself does.<ref name="VRH2023">{{cite web |publication-date=2024-11-28 |date=November 2023 |title=Izvješće o provođenju Ustavnog zakona o pravima nacionalnih manjina i o utrošku sredstava osiguranih u Državnom proračunu Republike Hrvatske za 2023. godinu za potrebe nacionalnih manjina |url=https://vlada.gov.hr/UserDocsImages//2016/Sjednice/2024/Listopad/28_sjednica_VRH//28%20-%2015.docx?lang=ro |website=Vlada Republike Hrvatske |archive-date=2025-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430005044/https://vlada.gov.hr/UserDocsImages//2016/Sjednice/2024/Listopad/28_sjednica_VRH//28%20-%2015.docx?lang=ro |language=hr}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Preserving traditional Italian place names and assigning street names to Italian historical figures is legally mandated and carried out.<ref name="VRH2023" />{{rp|135}}

==History==
[[File:Mayor house, Umag.JPG|thumb|left|Mayor House]]
[[File:Umag, centar - sjeverna strana.jpg|thumb|left|Northern waterfront]]
Umag was mentioned for the first time in the 7th century by an anonymous citizen from [[Ravenna]], but it already existed in Roman times. Proof of this is found in the numerous remains of Roman villas, the so-called [[villa rustica]] uncovered all along the coast. The town's history is closely linked to the settlement of Sipar,<ref>{{Cite web |last=KAP |first=Jasa |date=2024-03-05 |title=An Island of History |url=https://kapjasa.si/en/island-of-history/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=KAP Jasa - kite team Slovenia |language=en-GB}}</ref> whose ruins can be found on a narrow cape four kilometres north of Umag. In the 9th century, the fortified settlement of Sipar was devastated by invaders, the Neretva pirates. However, after this unfortunate incident Umag grew in significance thanks also to its location, a small islet separated from the mainland by a narrow channel. It was actually this location that safeguarded the settlement from the continuous invasions down through the centuries. The Roman period of relative prosperity was interspersed with one of insecurity caused primarily by frequent invasions, outbreaks of plague, cholera, and malaria. The number of its inhabitants declined rapidly. Umag became part of the reigns of [[Odoacer]], [[Theoderic the Great|Theodoric]], and was also ruled by the [[Langobards]].

From the 6th to the 8th centuries it fell under Byzantine dominion, followed by the rule of the Lombards in 751 and Francs in 774. The subsequent period was marked by insecurity and frequent changes of government ranging from the Patriarchs of [[Grado, Italy|Grado]] and [[Aquileia]] to the Bishops of [[Trieste]]. However, the increasingly powerful Venetian Republic imposed its rule over Istria, forcing Umag and other western Istrian towns to swear loyalty to [[Venice]]. In fact, in 1269, the Commune of Umag swore loyalty to Venice which from that time on 1797 was to appoint governors of Umag from among its nobility. This period was by no means a peaceful one.

Century-old clashes with [[Genoa]] brought about more destruction and looting. In 1370 the Genoese navy attacked Umag, destroying the town's archive. The outbreaks of plague that decimated the inhabitants forced the Venetian authorities to consider colonising the area with new settlers, mainly from the territories threatened by Turkish invasions. The harbour of Umag was utilised for loading agricultural surplus from the hinterland. Up to the collapse of Venice Umag had lived like other Istrian towns. Its communal arrangement was guaranteed by Statute from 1541.

With the fall of the [[Venetian Republic]], Umag, like the entire eastern Adriatic coast, came under the rule of France until 1815 when it passed over to Austria until 1918. With the end of World War I Istria became part of Italy. After World War II, the flaring up of the Trieste crises resulted in the establishment of the [[Free Territory of Trieste]], while Umag became part of Zone B governed by the Yugoslav Army, and eventually became part of [[SR Croatia]] within [[SFR Yugoslavia]] in 1954. After Umag became part of Yugoslavia, there was an exodus of many Italians from the town, who, until then, had constituted the majority of its population.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

In 1993, with the establishment of the new local rule, Umag became an independent [[Municipalities of Croatia|municipality]], and, in 1997, was awarded the status of town (''grad'').

==Economy==
[[File:Paul Kalkbrenner at Sea Star Festival.jpg|thumb|240px|2017 [[Sea Star Festival]]]]
[[File:Umag-P9190097.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Croatia Open]] stadium Stella Maris]]
[[File:Muzej grada Umaga (Croatia).jpg|thumb|240px|Town Museum]]
The natural features of the area have considerably influenced the development of the economy as a whole. The geographical location of Umag, in particular, has ensured an intensive and dynamic growth of the tourist industry after World War II, which has been expanding rapidly ever since. The closeness of big west European markets and the rise in standard of East European countries have both accounted for the expansion of this economic branch which is tightly linked to other economic resources in the region the most significant being agriculture. The best fertile soil and the vast arable land in the area have fostered the production of traditional Mediterranean crops present in the region for thousands of years, with particular emphasis on olive growing and wine grape growing.

The latter accounts for a successful winemaking industry and the emerging in recent years of a number of highly renowned local wine makers that can be traced in the wine chart of Istria. Linked with agriculture is the rapidly expanding tourist branch agro-tourism which has not only enriched the tourist offer but is also committed to preserving the old-world values of the region. Apart from that, mention must be made of the "[[Podravka]]" food factory in Umag where huge quantities of tomatoes were processed. The factory was closed in 2023 which marked the end of tomato growing industry in this part of Istria. The food industry started in Umag in the early 20th century with the opening of the "Arrigoni" plant for packing fish and tomatoes and the building of a flour mill, the predecessor of today's bakery and biscuit factory.

Today new factories have grown up in two industrial zones (Ungarija and Kravlji rt), which are provided with the necessary infrastructure continuously rebuilt and enlarged. The economic growth of Umag is based on the stimulation and support of small and medium-sized firms and the establishment of business zones. For that purpose, the town authorities have set apart 355,200.00 kuna for the programme aimed at stimulating the growth of agriculture and businesses for the year 2002. Besides, Umag is the founding member of the "Istarska razvojna agencija" IDA (Istrian Development Agency), with its seat in [[Pula]].

==Events==
Umag hosts [[Sea Star Festival]] every May since 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vecernji.hr/showbiz/ro-ena-nova-festivalska-zvijezda-europe-50-tisuca-fanova-za-prvi-sea-star-1172928|title = Rođena nova festivalska zvijezda Europe: 50 tisuća fanova za prvi Sea Star}}</ref>

The town hosts an annual [[Croatia Open Umag|ATP tennis tournament]] on clay courts.<ref>[http://www.atpworldtour.com/tennis/tournaments/umag.aspx Tournament article on the ATP site]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |date=2011-10-04 |first=Zdenko |last=Brusić |title=Ranosrednjovjekovni nalazi iz hrvatskog podmorja |pages=243-255 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/73174 |journal=Archaeologia Adriatica |eissn=1848-9281 |volume=4 |language=sh |trans-title=Early Medieval Finds from the Croatian Undersea World}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Umag}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Umag}}
* [https://umag.hr/ Umag official site]
* [https://www.coloursofistria.com/en/destinations/umag Official Tourist Board Umag]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100702022410/http://www.istramap.com/umag/6.aspx Map of Umag]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090416050504/http://www.humagum.com/ First portal of Umag]

{{Umag municipality}}
{{Cities and Municipalities of Istria county}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Croatia]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Croatia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Istria County]]
[[Category:Populated places in Croatia where Italian is an official language]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Umag