Burid dynasty

2025-05-06T21:46:03Z

92.16.228.230:

{{short description|Medieval Turkish principality in Syria}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = الدولة البورية
| conventional_long_name = Burid dynasty
| common_name = Burid
| status =
| government_type = Emirate
| year_start = 1104
| year_end = 1154
| p1 = Seljuk Empire
| flag_p1 =
| s1 = Zengid dynasty
| flag_s1 =
| image_flag =
| image_map =
| image_map_caption = The [[Near east]] in 1135
| capital = [[Damascus]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| currency = [[Dinar]]
| leader1 = [[Toghtekin]] (first)
| year_leader1 = 1104–1128
| leader2 = [[Mujir ad-Din Abaq]] (last)
| year_leader2 = 1140–1154
| title_leader = [[Burid dynasty#Burid rulers|Emir]]
| stat_area1 =
| stat_year1 =
| stat_pop1 =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Burid dynasty''' ([[Arabic]]: الدولة البورية [[Romanized]]: ad-Dawlā al-Būriyā) or '''the Emirate of Damascus''' ([[Arabic]]: إمارة دمشق [[Romanized]]: Imarat Dimashq) was a [[Sunni Muslim]] dynasty of [[Oghuz Turk]]ic origin which ruled over the Emirate of [[Damascus]] in the early 12th century, as subjects of the [[Seljuk Empire]].

==History==
{{See also|Tutush I|Malik-Shah I}}
The first Burid ruler, [[Toghtekin of Damascus|Toghtekin]],<ref>D.S. Richards, ''The Chronicle of [[Ibn Al-Athir]] for the Crusading Period from [[The Complete History|Al-Kamil Fi'l-ta-Ta'rikh]]'', (Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2010), 16.</ref> began as a servant to the [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuk]] ruler of Damascus, [[Duqaq of Damascus|Duqaq]]. Following Duqaq's death in 1104, he seized the city for himself.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

The dynasty was named after Toghtekin's son, [[Taj al-Muluk Buri]]. The Burids gained recognition from the [[Abbasid caliph|Abbasid caliphate]] in return for considerable gifts. In return, the caliphate did not interfere in the emirate.<ref name=LeTourneau>''Burids'', R. LeTourneau, '''The Encyclopedia of Islam''', Vol. I, ed. [[H.A.R. Gibb]], [[J.H. Kramers]], [[É. Lévi-Provençal]] and [[Joseph Schacht|J. Schacht]], (Brill, 1986), 1332.</ref>

The Burids ruled the city until 1154, when it was taken by the ruler of [[Aleppo]], [[Nur ad-Din Zangi|Nur ed-Din]], founder of the [[Zengid]] dynasty.<ref>''Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z'', Ed. [[Josef W. Meri]], [[Jere L. Bacharach]], (Taylor & Francis, 2006), 568.</ref>

The Burids lost to the [[Crusaders]] in the [[battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126)]] but were able to prevent the [[Second Crusade]] from capturing [[Damascus]].{{cn|date=October 2023}}

[[File:Burids. Shihab al-Din Mahmud (1135-1140) Dimashq mint. Dated AH 533 (AD 1138-9).jpg|thumb|center|upright=1.5|Coinage of the Burid ruler Shihab al-Din Mahmud (1135-1140). [[Dimashq]] mint, dated AH 533 (1138-9 CE). This coin gives Shihab al-Din’s full name and patronymic, as well as citing his [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuq]] overlords, [[Ahmad Sanjar|Sanjar]] and [[Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud|Mas‘ud]], and the [[Abbasid caliphate|Abbasid]] caliph, [[al-Muqtafi]] (called here ''[[Imam|al-Imam]]'', "the Priest").<ref>''Obverse:'' ''al-amir Shihab al-Din Mahmud bin Buri'' in inner marginal legend; ''al-Imam / al-Muqtafi'' in field.''Reverse:'' ''Sanjar / wa Mas‘ud'' in two lines across field. Album 782 (RRR); ICV 883.</ref>]]

==Burid emirs of Damascus==
{| width=80% class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=17% | Titular Name(s) ([[Laqab]])
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=17% | Personal Name
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=17% | Reign
|-
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} ''Saif-ul-Islam'' {{Nastaliq|سیف الاسلام}}
|align="center"| [[Toghtekin|Zahir al-Din Toghtekin]] {{Nastaliq|ظاھر الدین طغتکین}}
|align="center"|1104–1128 
|-
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}}
|align="center"| [[Taj al-Muluk Buri]] {{Nastaliq|تاج الملک بوری}}
|align="center"|1128–1132
|-
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}}
|align="center"| [[Shams al-Mulk Isma'il]] {{Nastaliq|شمس الملک اسماعیل }}
|align="center"|1132–1135
|-
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}}
|align="center"| [[Shihab al-Din Mahmud]] {{Nastaliq| شھاب الدین محمود}}
|align="center"|1135–1139
|-
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}}
|align="center"| [[Jamal al-Din Muhammad]] {{Nastaliq|جمال الدین محمد}}
|align="center"|1139–1140
|-
|- style="background:lightgreen"
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}}
|align="center"| [[Mu'in ad-Din Unur|Mu'in al-Din Unur]] {{Nastaliq|معین الدین أنر}}
|align="center"|1140–1149 ''Regent''
|-
|align="center"|''Amir'' {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} ''Mujir-ud-din'' {{Nastaliq|مجیر الدین }}
|align="center"| [[Mujir ad-Din Abaq|Abu Saʿid Ābaq]] {{Nastaliq|ابو سعید ابق}}
|align="center"|1140–1154
|-
|colspan=4 align="middle"| [[Zengid dynasty]] replaces the Burid dynasty.
|}
*''Green shaded row signifies regency of [[Mu'in ad-Din Unur]].''
{{-}}

==Family Tree==
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|Burid Dynasty}}

{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Toghtekin|Zahir al-Din Tughtekin]]''' (1) r. 1104-1128|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Taj al-Muluk Buri|Taj al-Muluk Buri]]''' (2) r. 1128-1132|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | |A03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Shams al-Mulk Isma'il|Shams al-Mulk Isma'il]]''' (3) r. 1132-1135|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00|

A02='''Shihab al-Din Mahmud''' (4) r. 1135-1139|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFFF00|

A03='''Jamal al-Din Muhammad''' (5) r. 1139-1140|boxstyle_A03=border-color:#FFFF00}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01='''[[Mujir ad-Din Abaq|Mujir al-Din Abaq]]''' (6) r. 1140-1154|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00}}

{{Tree chart/end}}

{{Chart bottom}}

==See also==
* [[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Damascus}}
{{Muslim dynasties in Mashriq region}}

[[Category:Medieval Damascus]]
[[Category:12th century in Asia]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern dynasties]]
[[Category:Burid dynasty| ]]
[[Category:1104 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Syrian people of Turkish descent]]
[[Category:12th-century disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:12th century in the Seljuk Empire]]
[[Category:Sunni dynasties]]
[[Category:12th century in the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:Family trees|Burid dynasty]]

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Burid dynasty