Straubing

2025-04-28T09:37:17Z

92.77.56.197: /* Notable people */

{{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox German location
|type = Stadt
|image_flag = Flagge Straubing.svg
|image_coa = DEU Straubing COA.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|48|53|N|12|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|image_plan =
|state = Bayern
|region = Niederbayern
|district = Kreisfreie Stadt
|elevation = 322
|area = 67.59
|postal_code = 94301–94315
|area_code = 09421
|licence = SR
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 2 63 000
|website = [http://www.straubing.de/ www.straubing.de]
|mayor = Markus Pannermayr<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der Oberbürgermeister in den kreisfreien Städten], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref>
|leader_term = 2020–26
|Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor
|party = CSU
|image_photo = Straubinger Stadtbild.jpg
|image_caption = View of Straubing
}}
'''Straubing''' ({{IPA|de|ˈʃtʁaʊbɪŋ|pron|De-Straubing.ogg}}; [[Central Bavarian]]: ''Strauwing'') is an independent city in [[Lower Bavaria]], southern Germany. It is seat of the [[Districts of Germany|district]] of [[Straubing-Bogen]]. Annually in August the [[Gäubodenvolksfest]], the second largest [[fair]] in Bavaria, is held.

The city is located on the [[Danube]] forming the centre of the [[Gäuboden]].

==History==
{{stack|[[File:Braun Straubing UBHD.jpg|thumb|220px|Straubing in the 16th century]]
[[File:Gäubodenvolksfest,-Straubing.JPG|thumb|180px|[[Gäubodenvolksfest]] in Straubing]]}}
The area of Straubing has been continuously settled since the [[Neolithic]]. The conquest by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] in 16–14 BC had a dramatic impact on the whole region. Even today many traces of the 400-year Roman occupation can be found: for example, the famous 'Römerschatz' (Roman treasure) which was excavated in 1950 and which is shown in the Gäubodenmuseum. ''Sorviodurum'', as the Romans called it, was an important military support base.

After the fall of the Roman Empire Straubing became a centre of settlement of the [[Bavarii]], mostly around [[St. Peter's Church, Straubing|St. Peter's Church]] (built in the 9th century) between Allachbach and Danube. According to the customs of the Bavarii the settlement was named after their leader ''Strupinga'', which later evolved into the name Straubing.

In 1218 a new part of the city (called 'new town') was founded by Duke [[Louis I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria|Ludwig I Wittelsbach]] of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]]. Straubing became the capital of the [[Duchy of Bavaria-Straubing]] under [[William V, Count of Hainaut|Duke Wilhelm I]] when Bavaria was divided among the sons of [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] in 1349. In 1429 Straubing passed to [[Ernest, Duke of Bavaria]]-[[Munich]], who ordered the murder of [[Agnes Bernauer]] in Straubing. The grave of Agnes Bernauer cannot be found. But in the graveyard of St. Peter's Church is a chapel built by Duke Ernest.

In 1633, during the [[Thirty Years' War]], the Swedish army successfully besieged the city.<ref>Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), p. 287.</ref>

Nowadays, this new town is the centre of Straubing with many shops, offices, restaurants and a pedestrian area. Most buildings there still have medieval style. The nightlife of Straubing, with many pubs and discothèques, is concentrated in this area.

The most important buildings are the Gothic cathedral-like Basilica of St. Jacob, the Romanesque St. Peter's Church, the [[Carmelite]] monastery with its Baroque church and library, St. Vitus's, where you can find a life-size personification of "state and church" joined in holy matrimony.

Between 1933 and 1945 most of the members of the then small Jewish community of Straubing were murdered or forced to emigrate.
In 2006, Straubing had a lively Jewish community with around 950 members.

During a rally in June 1940, when Straubing and Bogen held its Kriegskreistag, some 20,000 people gathered at the ''Großdeutschlandplatz''. Among the speakers were [[Gauleiter]] [[Fritz Wächtler|Wächtler]] and ''Gauamtsleiter'' Erbersdobler.<ref>[[Anna Rosmus]] ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 247f</ref> In July 1940, the ''Donau-Zeitung'' reported that the Straubing ''Kreisleiter'', Anton Putz, had flown toward France and not returned.<ref>[[Anna Rosmus]] ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 261f</ref>

In 1944 and 1945, Straubing suffered from several American air raids. The local military hospital was destroyed to the extent of 80 percent with a loss of 45 patients.

In November 2016 a fire destroyed a greater part of the medieval city hall.

Straubing has many industrial areas and a port at the river Danube with access to the [[Rhine-Main-Danube Canal]], a connection from the [[North Sea]] to the [[Black Sea]]. It is the centre of the Bavarian high tech offensive in [[biotechnology]].

==Main sights==
[[File:St Peter Straubing West.JPG|thumb|160px|Romanesque Church of St. Peter]]
[[File:D-SR-Straubing08.JPG|thumb|160px|Gothic City Tower (''Stadtturm'')]]
[[File:Rathaus Straubing.jpg|thumb|160px|Gothic city hall]]
[[File:Basilika St. Jakob in Straubing.jpg|thumb|160px|Basilica of St. Jacob]]
As one of five ducal residences of medieval Bavaria (besides [[Landshut]], Munich, [[Ingolstadt]] and [[Burghausen, Altötting|Burghausen]]) the old town of Straubing especially features many Gothic buildings.
* The [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] [[St. Peter's Church, Straubing|Church of St. Peter]] (12th century)
* The Gothic City Tower (begun in 1316)
* The Gothic city hall (large parts have been destroyed by a fire on November 25, 2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/huge-fire-engulfs-600-year-old-town-hall-in-bavaria|title=Huge fire engulfs 600-year-old town hall in Bavaria|date=25 November 2016}}</ref>
* The medieval ducal castle or ''Herzogsschloss''. Duke [[Albert I, Duke of Bavaria|Albert I]] began the construction in 1356.
* The Gothic [[Basilica of St. Jacob (Straubing)|Basilica of St. Jacob]] (present-day church begun in 1393), a Gothic hall church and the largest main church of Straubing. The church was built according to plans of the architect [[Hans von Burghausen]].
* The Church of St. Vitus – home of the oldest still existing confraternity in Germany, the St. Salvator-Confraternity
* The [[Carmelite]] monastery and Church of the Holy Spirit (since 1368, by [[Hans von Burghausen]]; the only monastery which survived the dissolution of 1802).
* Church of St. Ursula by the [[Asam brothers]]
* The Baroque Trinity Column at the Theresien Square
* The Water Tower
* Sossau pilgrimage church
* Straubing Zoo (the only zoo in East Bavaria)

==Climate==

{{Weather box
| location = Straubing (1991–2020 normals)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high C = 1.6
|Feb high C = 4.4
|Mar high C = 9.5
|Apr high C = 15.5
|May high C = 19.6
|Jun high C = 23.1
|Jul high C = 25.0
|Aug high C = 24.7
|Sep high C = 19.5
|Oct high C = 13.7
|Nov high C = 6.9
|Dec high C = 2.8
| year high C = 13.9
|Jan mean C = -1.1
|Feb mean C = 0.6
|Mar mean C = 4.6
|Apr mean C = 9.7
|May mean C = 14.0
|Jun mean C = 17.5
|Jul mean C = 19.0
|Aug mean C = 18.6
|Sep mean C = 13.9
|Oct mean C = 9.1
|Nov mean C = 4.0
|Dec mean C = 0.4
|year mean C = 9.2
|Jan low C = -4.2
|Feb low C = -3.2
|Mar low C = -0.1
|Apr low C = 3.4
|May low C = 7.9
|Jun low C = 11.3
|Jul low C = 12.7
|Aug low C = 12.5
|Sep low C = 8.5
|Oct low C = 4.7
|Nov low C = 0.9
|Dec low C = -2.3
| year low C = 4.3
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 47.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 40.7
|Mar precipitation mm = 48.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 35.1
|May precipitation mm = 77.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 80.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 76.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 72.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 60.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 48.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 49.3
| year precipitation mm = 684.4
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 16.2
|Feb precipitation days = 13.8
|Mar precipitation days = 14.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.6
|May precipitation days = 15.2
|Jun precipitation days = 13.9
|Jul precipitation days = 15.0
|Aug precipitation days = 13.4
|Sep precipitation days = 12.8
|Oct precipitation days = 13.9
|Nov precipitation days = 13.9
|Dec precipitation days = 16.9
|year precipitation days = 170.8
|Jan sun = 52.7
|Feb sun = 90.2
|Mar sun = 144.0
|Apr sun = 197.0
|May sun = 222.5
|Jun sun = 243.5
|Jul sun = 248.6
|Aug sun = 229.4
|Sep sun = 168.0
|Oct sun = 109.2
|Nov sun = 52.4
|Dec sun = 45.2
|year sun = 1797.9
|Jan humidity = 88.5
|Feb humidity = 84.1
|Mar humidity = 76.7
|Apr humidity = 71.0
|May humidity = 72.3
|Jun humidity = 73.5
|Jul humidity = 72.4
|Aug humidity = 73.6
|Sep humidity = 80.1
|Oct humidity = 86.4
|Nov humidity = 90.4
|Dec humidity = 90.3
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 14.6
|Feb snow days = 11.3
|Mar snow days = 3.2
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 2.0
|Dec snow days = 7.0
|year snow days =
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231012174044/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Straubing_10788.csv
| archive-date = 12 October 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Straubing_10788.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 13 October 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Festivals and cultural events==
*Straubinger Frühlingsfest, a spring festival (annual)
*[[Gäubodenvolksfest]] and Ostbayernschau
*Museum containing [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] artifacts
*Agnes-Bernauer-Festspiele, a historical play to remind of the murdered Agnes Bernauer
*[[Straubing Zoo]]
*A [[jazz]] festival – ''bluetone'' (former name Jazz an der Donau) – one of the greatest jazz-festivals in Europe
*Bürgerfest (burgher festival) is held every two years in the historical centre of Straubing

==Sports==
*[[Ice hockey]]: [[Straubing Tigers]] – [[Deutsche Eishockey Liga|DEL]] (Highest German League)
*[[American football]]: [[Straubing Spiders]] – founded in 1985
*[[Harness racing]]: [[Trabrennbahn Straubing]] (Highest German Level)
*[[Volleyball]]: [[German Women's Volleyball League]] (Highest German League)

==Education==
The [[Technical University of Munich]] has one of its campuses in Straubing. It is specialised on [[renewables]].

A [[Fraunhofer Institute]] for [[biodiversity|boundary and biodiversity engineering]] is also located in Straubing.

Straubing has four [[Gymnasium (Germany)|gymnasium]]s (grammar schools):<ref>{{cite web | title =Schulen | work =Adressenverzeichnisse | publisher =Stadt Straubing | url =http://www.straubing.de/de/buerger-und-soziales/adressen/schulen.php | access-date =26 January 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Anton-Bruckner-Gymnasium Straubing|Anton-Bruckner-Gymnasium]]
* Gymnasium der Ursulinen
* Johannes-Turmair-Gymnasium
* Ludwigsgymnasium

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Straubing is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte|url=http://www.straubing.de/de/tourismus/stadtportrait/partnerstaedte/|website=straubing.de|publisher=Straubing|language=de|access-date=2021-04-05}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Romans-sur-Isère]], France
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Tuam]], Ireland
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Wels]], Austria

==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Agnes Bernauer]] ({{circa|1410}} – 1435), mistress of Albert III, Duke of Bavaria
*[[Thomas Naogeorgus]] (1508–1563), dramatist and humanist
*[[Ulrich Schmidl]] (1510–1579), mercenary, explorer, chronicler and councilor
*[[Jakob Sandtner]] (16th century), master turner
*[[Emanuel Schikaneder]] (1751–1812), impresario, dramatist, actor and composer
*[[Joseph von Fraunhofer]] (1787–1826), optician and physicist
*[[Carl Spitzweg]] (1808–1885), romanticist painter, worked here
*[[Arthur Achleitner]] (1858–1927), writer
*[[Otto Ritter von Dandl]] (1868–1942), politician
*[[Hans Adlhoch]] (1883–1945), member of the Reichstag
*[[Rex Gildo]] (1936–1999), pop singer
*[[Michael Karoli]] (1948–2001), guitarist
*[[Margot Mahler]] (1945–1997), actress
*[[Claus Richter]] (born 1948), journalist
*[[Gerda Hasselfeldt]] (born 1950), politician (CSU), Vice-[[President of the Bundestag]], former federal minister
*[[Ewa Klamt]] (born 1950), CDU politician
*[[Siegfried Mauser]] (born 1954), pianist and musicologist
*[[Alois Rainer]] (born 1965), politician (CSU)
*[[Thomas Stellmach]] (born 1965), director and Oscar winner
*[[Gerold Huber]] (born 1969), pianist
*[[Christian Gerhaher]] (born 1969), baritone
*[[Michael Stumpf]] (born 1970), systems biologist
*[[Markus Weinzierl]] (born 1974), football player and coach
*[[Elli Erl]] (born 1979), singer-songwriter
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Germany districts bavaria}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Straubing| ]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Danube]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Germany]]
[[Category:Urban districts of Bavaria]]
[[Category:Lower Bavaria]]

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Straubing