List of English words of Old Norse origin

2025-09-02T16:16:22Z

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{{Old Norse topics}}
Words of [[Old Norse]] origin have entered the [[English language]], primarily from the contact between Old Norse and [[Old English]] during colonisation of eastern and northern [[Anglo-Saxon England|England]] between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also [[Danelaw]]).
Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as ''egg'' or ''knife''.
There are hundreds of such words, and the list below does not aim at completeness.

To be distinguished from loan words which date back to the Old English period are modern Old Norse loans originating in the context of Old Norse philology, such as ''[[kenning]]'' (1871),{{efn|There was a native Old English ''cenning'' "declaration" (in Middle English "cognition"), derived from the verb ''to ken''
The Old Norse ''kenning'' "set expression in early Germanic poetry" was loaned in 19th-century Germanic philology independently of the native word.}} and loans from modern Icelandic (such as ''[[geyser]]'', 1781).
Yet another class comprises loans from Old Norse into Old French, which via [[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] were then indirectly loaned into Middle English; an example is ''[[flâneur]]'', via French from the Old Norse verb {{lang|non|flana}} "to wander aimlessly".

{{compact ToC|top=yes|seealso=yes|extlinks=yes}}

==A==
;[[wiktionary:ado|ado]]: influenced by Norse {{lang|non|at}} ("to", [[infinitive]] marker) which was used with English "do" in certain English dialects<ref>{{cite web|title=Ado|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ado|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:aloft|aloft]]:
* {{lang|non|á}} ("=in, on, to") + {{lang|non|lopt}} ("=air, atmosphere, sky, heaven, upper floor, loft")<ref>{{cite web|title=Aloft|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=aloft|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
* English provenance = c 1200 AD
;[[wiktionary:anger|anger]]:
* {{lang|non|angr}} ("=trouble, affliction"); root {{lang|non|ang}} (="strait, straitened, troubled")<ref>{{cite web|title=Anger|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=anger|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
* English provenance = c 1250 AD
;[[wiktionary:are|are]]: merger of Old English ({{lang|ang|earun}}, {{lang|ang|earon}}) and Old Norse ({{lang|non|er}}) cognates<ref>{{cite web|title=Are|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=are|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:auk|auk]]: A type of Arctic seabird.<ref>{{cite web|title=Auk|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/auk|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wikt:awe|awe]]:
* {{lang|non|agi}} ("=terror")<ref>{{cite web|title=Awe|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=awe|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
* English provenance = c 1205 AD (as {{lang|ang|aȝe}}, an early form of the word resulting from the influence of Old Norse on an existing Anglo-Saxon form, {{lang|osx|eȝe}})
;[[wiktionary:awesome|awesome]]: From the same Norse root as "awe".<ref>{{cite web|title=Awesome|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/awesome|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:awful|awful]]: From the same Norse root as "awe".<ref>{{cite web|title=Awful|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/awful|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
;[[wikt:awkward|awkward]]: the first element is from Old Norse {{lang|non|ǫfugr}} ("=turned-backward"), the '-ward' part is from Old English {{lang|ang|weard}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Awkward|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=awkward|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:awn|awn]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|ögn}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Awn|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/awn|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:axle|axle]]: May be a combination of Old English {{lang|ang|eax}} and Old Norse {{lang|non|öxull}} (="axis")<ref>{{cite web|title=Axle|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/axle|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>

==B==
;[[wiktionary:bag|bag]]: {{lang|non|baggi}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bag|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[bait (disambiguation)|bait]]: {{lang|non|beita}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bait|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bait|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:band|band]]: {{lang|non|band}} (="rope")<ref>{{cite web|title=Band|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=band|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bank|bank]] (geography): from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|banki}}, Old Danish {{lang|non|banke}} (="sandbank").<ref>{{cite web|title=Bank|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bank#etymonline_v_269|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bark|bark]]: {{lang|non|bǫrkr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bark|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bark|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bash|bash]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|*basca}} (="to strike")<ref>{{cite web|title=Bash|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bash|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bask|bask]]: {{lang|non|baðask}} reflex. of {{lang|non|baða}} "bathe" ({{lang|non|baðast, baða sig}})<ref>{{cite web|title=Bask|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bask|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bat|bat]] (animal): probably related to Old Swedish {{lang|sv|natbakka}}, Old Danish {{lang|non|nathbakkæ}} "night bat," and Old Norse {{lang|non|leðrblaka}} "bat," literally "leather flapper".<ref>{{cite web|title=Bat|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bat|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[berserker|berserk]]: {{lang|non|berserkr}}, lit. 'bear-shirt', (alt. {{lang|non|berr-serkr}}, 'bare-shirt') frenzied warriors<ref>{{cite web|title=Berserk|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0073700#m_en_gb0073700|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=13 July 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:billow|billow]]: {{lang|non|bylgja}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Billow|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=billow|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:birth|birth]]: {{lang|non|byrðr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Birth|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=birth|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:blather|blather]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|blaðra}} (="mutter, wag the tongue")<ref>{{cite web|title=Blather|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/blather|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bleak|bleak]]: {{lang|non|bleikr}} (="pale")<ref>{{cite web|title=Bleak|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bleak|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=24 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:blend|blend]]: Possibly from Old Norse {{lang|non|blanda}} (="to mix")<ref>{{cite web|title=Blend|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/blend|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:blister|blister]]: From a Scandinavian source via Old French<ref>{{cite web|title=Blister|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/blister|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bloat|bloat]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|blautr}} (="soaked, soft from being cooked in liquid")<ref>{{cite web|title=Bloat|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bloat|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bloom|bloom]]: "blossom of a plant," c. 1200, a northern word, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|blomi}} "flower, blossom".<ref>{{cite web|title=Bloom|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bloom|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:blunder|blunder]]: {{lang|non|blundra}} (="shut one's eye")<ref>{{cite web|title=Blunder|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=blunder|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:boast|boast]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source via Anglo-French<ref>{{cite web|title=Boast|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/boast|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bole|bole]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|bolr}} (="tree trunk")<ref>{{cite web|title=Bole|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bole|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:both|both]]: {{lang|non|baðir}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Both|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=both|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:boon|boon]]: {{lang|non|bon}} (="a petition, prayer")<ref>{{cite web|title=Boon|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/boon|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:booth|booth]]: From Old Danish {{lang|non|boþ}} (="temporary dwelling"), from East Norse {{lang|non|*boa}} (="to dwell")<ref>{{cite web|title=Booth|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/booth|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:boulder|boulder]]: from a Scandinavian source akin to Swedish dialectal {{lang|sv|bullersten}} "noisy stone" (large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it), from {{lang|sv|bullra}} "to roar" + {{lang|sv|sten}} "stone".<ref>{{cite web|title=Boulder|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/boulder|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:brink|brink]]: Possibly related to Danish {{lang|non|brink}} (="steepness, shore, bank, grassy edge")<ref>{{cite web|title=Brink|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/brink|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:brisket|brisket]]: perhaps from Old French {{lang|fro|bruschet}}, with identical sense of the English word, or from Old Norse {{lang|non|brjosk}} "gristle, cartilage" (related to {{lang|non|brjost}} "breast") or Danish {{lang|da|bryske}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Brisket|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/brisket|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:brunt|brunt]]: Likely from Old Norse {{lang|non|brundr}} (="sexual heat") or {{lang|non|bruna}} =("to advance like wildfire")<ref>{{cite web|title=Brunt|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/brunt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bulk|bulk]]: {{lang|non|bulki}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulk|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bulk|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bull|bull]]: {{lang|non|boli}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bull|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bull|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bump|bump]]: Perhaps from Scandinavian, probably echoic<ref>{{cite web|title=Bump|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bump|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bunker|bunker]]: possibly from a Scandinavian source such as bunke "boards used to protect the cargo of a ship"<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunker|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bunker|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bur|bur]]: From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse {{lang|non|burst}} (="bristle")<ref>{{cite web|title=Bur|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/bur|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:bylaw|bylaw]]: {{lang|non|bylög}} ('by'=village; 'lög'=law; 'village-law')<ref>{{cite web|title=Bylaw|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bylaw|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>

==C==
;[[wiktionary:cake|cake]]: {{lang|non|kaka}} (="cake")<ref>{{cite web|title=Cake|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cake|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:call|call]]: {{lang|non|kalla}} (="cry loudly")<ref>{{cite web|title=Call|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=call|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:cart|cart]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|kartr}} or a similar Scandinavian source<ref>{{cite web|title=Cart|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/cart|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:cast|cast]]: {{lang|non|kasta}} (="to throw")<ref>{{cite web|title=Cast|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cast|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:chubby|chubby]]: Perhaps influenced by Old Norse {{lang|non|kumba}} "log", {{lang|non|kumben}} "stumpy".<ref>{{cite web|title=Chubby|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/chubby|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:clip|clip]]: {{lang|non|klippa}} (="to cut")<ref>{{cite web|title=Clip|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=clip|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:club|club]]: {{lang|non|klubba}} (="cudgel")<ref>{{cite web|title=Club|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=club|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:clumsy|clumsy]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|klumsa}} (="make speechless, palsy; prevent from speaking")<ref>{{cite web|title=Clumsy|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/clumsy|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:cog|cog]]: Probably a Scandinavian borrowing, related to Norwegian {{lang|non|kugg}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Cog|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/cog|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:cozy|cozy]]: Likely of Scandinavian origin via Scots, perhaps related to Norwegian {{lang|non|kose seg}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Cozy|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/cozy|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crawl|crawl]]: {{lang|non|krafla}} (="to claw")<ref>{{cite web|title=Crawl|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=crawl|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:craze|craze]]: Possibly from Old Norse {{lang|non|krasa}} (="shatter") via Old French {{lang|fro|crasir}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Craze|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/craze|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:creek|creek]]: {{lang|non|kriki}} ("corner, nook") through ME {{lang|enm|creke}} ("narrow inlet in a coastline") altered from {{lang|enm|kryk}} perhaps influenced by Anglo-Norman {{lang|xno|crique}} itself from a Scandinavian source via Norman-French<ref>{{cite web|title=Creek|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=creek|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crochet|crochet]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|krokr}} "hook" via French {{lang|fr|crochet}} "small hook; canine tooth"<ref>{{cite web|title=Crochet|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crochet|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crocket|crocket]]: from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crocket|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crocket|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crook|crook]]: {{lang|non|krokr}} (="hook-shaped instrument or weapon")<ref>{{cite web|title=Crook|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=crook|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crotch|crotch]]: from Old North French {{lang|fro|croche}} "shepherd's crook," variant of {{lang|fro|croc}} "hook," from Old Norse {{lang|non|krokr}} "hook".<ref>{{cite web|title=Crotch|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crotch|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crotchet|crotchet]], [[wiktionary:crotchety|crotchety]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|krokr}} "hook" via Old French {{lang|fro|crochet}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crotchet|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crotchet|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Crotchety|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crotchety|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:crouch|crouch]]: from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.<ref>{{cite web|title=Crouch|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/crouch|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:cur|cur]]: {{lang|non|kurra}} (="to growl")<ref>{{cite web|title=Cur|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cur|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:cut|cut]]: Possibly from North Germanic ''*kut-''<ref>{{cite web|title=Cut|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/cut|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>

==D==
;[[wiktionary:dangle|dangle]]: Probably from Scandinavian, related to Danish {{lang|da|dangle}}, Swedish {{lang|sv|dangla}} (="to swing about") and Norwegian {{lang|no|dangla}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Dangle|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/dangle|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:dank|dank]]: Related to Swedish {{lang|sv|dank}} (="moist place") and {{lang|sv|dänka}} (="to moisten")<ref>{{cite web|title=Dank|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/dank|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:dash|dash]], [[wiktionary:dashing|dashing]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Swedish {{lang|sv|daska}}, Danish {{lang|da|daske}} "to beat, strike")<ref>{{cite web|title=Dash|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/dash|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:dastard|dastard]], [[wiktionary:dastardly|dastardly]]: Probably from {{lang|non|*dast}}, "dazed," past participle of {{lang|non|dasen}} "to daze" or the equivalent past participle in Old Norse + deprecatory suffix {{lang|non|-ard}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dastard|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/dastard|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:daze|daze]], [[wiktionary:dazed|dazed]]: Perhaps from Old Norse {{lang|non|*dasa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Daze|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/daze|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:die|die]]: {{lang|non|deyja}} (="pass away")<ref>{{cite web|title=Die|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=die|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:ding|ding]]: The meaning "to deal heavy blows" is c. 1300, probably from Old Norse dengja "to hammer," and is probably ultimately imitative.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ding|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ding|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:dirt|dirt]]: {{lang|non|drit}} (="feces")<ref>{{cite web|title=Dirt|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=dirt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:down|down]] (feathers): "first feathers of a baby bird; soft covering of fowls under the feathers, the under-plumage of birds," used for stuffing pillows and feather-beds, mid-14c., from Old Norse {{lang|non|dunn}}, which is of uncertain origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Down|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/down|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:doze|doze]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Old Norse {{lang|non|dusa}} "to doze," Danish {{lang|da|døse}} "to make dull," Swedish dialectal {{lang|sv|dusa}} "to sleep").<ref>{{cite web|title=Doze|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/doze|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:dregs|dregs]]: {{lang|non|dregg}} (="sediment")<ref>{{cite web|title=Dregs|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=dregs|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:droop|droop]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|drupa}} (="to drop, sink, hang (the head)")<ref>{{cite web|title=Droop|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/droop|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:dump|dump]]: Possibly related to Danish {{lang|da|dumpe}} (="fall hard"), Norwegian {{lang|no|dumpa}} (="to fall suddenly"), and Old Norse {{lang|non|dumpa}} (="to beat"). Not found in Old English. <ref>{{cite web|title=Dump|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/dump|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>

==E==
;[[wiktionary:egg|egg]]: {{lang|non|egg}} (="egg")<ref>{{cite web|title=Egg|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=egg|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:eider|eider]]: a type of duck.
;[[wiktionary:equip|equip]], [[wiktionary:equipment|equipment]]: {{lang|non|skipa}} (="organize, arrange, place in order") through Middle French {{lang|frm|équiper}}, from Old French {{lang|fro|esquiper}} "fit out a ship, load on board",<ref>{{cite web|title=Equip|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=equip|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref> itself from Norman-French {{lang|nrf|esquipper, eschiper}}<ref>Elisabeth Ridel, ''Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française'', éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 198.</ref>

==F==
;[[wiktionary:fell|fell]] (geography): from Old Norse {{lang|non|fiall}} "mountain"<ref>{{cite web|title=Fell|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fell|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fellow|fellow]]: {{lang|non|félagi}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Fellow|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fellow|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:filly|filly]]: Possibly from Old Norse {{lang|non|fylja}}, fem. of {{lang|non|foli}} (="foal")<ref>{{cite web|title=Filly|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/filly|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fir|fir]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|fyri-}} "fir" or Old Danish {{lang|non|fyr}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fir|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fir|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:firth|firth]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|fjörðr}} via Scottish<ref>{{cite web|title=Firth|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/firth|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fjord|fjord]]: From Norwegian {{lang|no|fiord}}, from Old Norse {{lang|non|fjörðr}} (="an inlet, estuary")<ref>{{cite web|title=Fjord|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fjord|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flag|flag]]: Probably from Old Norse {{lang|non|flaka}} (="to flicker, flutter, hang loose")<ref>{{cite web|title=Flag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/flag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flaneur|flaneur]]: {{lang|non|flana}} ("to wander aimlessly") + French suffix {{lang|fr|-eur}} through (19th cent.) French {{lang|fr|flâneur}}, itself from Norman-French {{lang|nrf|flaner, flanner}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Flaneur|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=flaneur|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="auto">Elisabeth Ridel, ''Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française'', éditions Errance, Paris, 2009.</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flat|flat]]: {{lang|non|flatr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Flat|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=flat|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flaunt|flaunt]]: Related to Swedish {{lang|sv|flankt}} (="loosely, flutteringly") and {{lang|sv|flakka}} (="to waver")<ref>{{cite web|title=Flaunt|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/flaunt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flaw|flaw]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|flaga}} (="stone slab, layer of stone")<ref>{{cite web|title=Flaw|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/flaw|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fleck|fleck]]: Probably from Old Norse {{lang|non|flekka}} (="to spot, stain, cover with spots")<ref>{{cite web|title=Fleck|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fleck|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fling|fling]]: Probably from Old Norse {{lang|non|flengja}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Fling|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fling|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flit|flit]]: {{lang|non|flytja}} (="cause to fit")<ref>{{cite web|title=Flit|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=flit|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:floe|floe]]: From Norwegian {{lang|no|flo}} (="layer, slab") from Old Norse {{lang|non|flo}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Floe|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/floe|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:flounder|flounder]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|flydhra}} via Anglo-French {{lang|xno|floundre}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Flounder|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/flounder|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fluster|fluster]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Icelandic {{lang|is|flaustr}} (="fluster")<ref>{{cite web|title=Fluster|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fluster|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fog|fog]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|fok}} through Danish {{lang|da|fog}}, meaning "spray", "shower", "snowdrift"<ref>{{cite web|title=Fog|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fog|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fond|fond]]: uncertain but perhaps from Scandinavian<ref>{{cite web|title=Fond|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fond|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fro|fro]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|fra}} (="from)<ref>{{cite web|title=Fro|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fro|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:freckle|freckle]]: {{lang|non|freknur}} (="freckles")<ref>{{cite web|title=Freckle|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=freckle|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:fun|fun]]: from the same source as "fond"<ref>{{cite web|title=Fun|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/fun|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>

==G==
;[[wiktionary:gab|gab]]: {{lang|non|gabbnna}} (="to mock") through Northern England dialect, Scottish or Norman-French<ref>{{cite web|title=gab|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gab|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 December 2014}}</ref><ref>Elisabeth Ridel, ''Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française'', éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 213–214.</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gable|gable]]: from Old French {{lang|fro|gable}} "facade, front, gable," from Old Norse {{lang|non|gafl}} "gable, gable-end" (in north of England, the word probably is directly from Norse).<ref>{{cite web|title=Gable|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gable|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gad|gad]]: {{lang|non|gaddr}} (="spike, nail")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gang|title=Gang|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gad|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gad|publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gag|gag]]: Perhaps influenced by Old Norse {{lang|non|gag-hals}} (="with head thrown back") <ref>{{cite web|title=Gag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gain|gain]]: from Germanic and from Old Norse via Old French.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gain|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gain|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gait|gait]]: Related to Old Norse {{lang|non|gata}} (="way, road, path")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gait|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gait|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gale|gale]]: Perhaps from Old Norse {{lang|non|gol}} (="breeze") or Old Danish {{lang|non|gal}} (="bad, furious")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gale|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gale|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gang|gang]]: {{lang|non|gangr}} (="act of going, a group of men")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gang|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gang|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gap|gap]]: {{lang|non|gap}} (="chasm")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gap|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gap|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gape|gape]]: From an unrecorded English word or from Old Norse {{lang|non|gapa}} (="to open the mouth wide, gape")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gape|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gape|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gasp|gasp]]: {{lang|non|geispa}} (="to yawn")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gasp|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gasp|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gaunt|gaunt]]: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source<ref>{{cite web|title=Gaunt|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gaunt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gawk|gawk]]: from Middle English {{lang|enm|gawen}}, from Old Norse {{lang|non|ga}} (="to heed")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gawk|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gawk|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gear|gear]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|gørvi}} (="apparel, gear")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gear|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gear|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wikt:geld|geld]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|gelda}} (="to castrate")<ref>{{cite web|title=Geld|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gelding|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gelding|gelding]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|geldingr}} (="wether; eunuch")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gelding|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gelding|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wikt:get|get]]: {{lang|non|geta}}, {{lang|non|gat}} (got), {{lang|non|gittan}} (gotten)<ref>{{cite web|title=Get|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=get|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[geyser]]: from Icelandic {{lang|is|geysir}}, from Old Norse {{lang|non|geysa}} (="to gush")<ref>{{cite web|title=Geyser|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=geyser|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gift|gift]]: {{lang|non|gift}} (="dowry")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gift|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gift|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gill|gill]]: Possibly related to Old Norse {{lang|non|gjölnar}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Gill|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gill|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:girth|girth]]: {{lang|non|gjörð}} (="circumference, cinch")<ref>{{cite web|title=Girth|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=girth|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wikt:give|give]]: {{lang|non|gefa}} (="to give")<ref>{{cite web|title=Give|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=give|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:glitter|glitter]]: {{lang|non|glitra}} (="to glitter")<ref>{{cite web|title=Glitter|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=glitter|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gloat|gloat]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|glotta}} (="to grin, smile scornfully and show the teeth")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gloat|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/gloat|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
;[[wikt:gosling|gosling]]: {{lang|non|gæslingr}} (="goose")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gosling|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gosling|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:grovel|grovel]]: Shakespearean term originating from Old Norse {{lang|non|grufe}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Grovel|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/grovel|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:guest|guest]]: {{lang|non|gestr}} (="guest")<ref>{{cite web|title=Guest|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=guest|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[gun]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|Gunnhildr}} (female name, both elements of the name, {{lang|non|gunn}} and {{lang|non|hildr}}, have the meaning "war, battle")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gun|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gun|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:gust|gust]]: {{lang|non|gustr}} (="gust")<ref>{{cite web|title=Gust|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gust|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>

==H==
;[[wiktionary:haggle|haggle]]: {{lang|non|haggen}} (="to chop")<ref>{{cite web|title=Haggle|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=haggle|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:hail|hail]]: {{lang|non|heill}} (="health, prosperity, good luck")<ref>{{cite web|title=Hail|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hail|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:hank|hank]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|hönk}} (="a hank, coil")<ref>{{cite web|title=Hank|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/hank|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:hap|hap]], [[wiktionary:happy|happy]]: {{lang|non|happ}} (="chance, good luck, fate")<ref>{{cite web|title=Hap|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hap|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:harness|harness]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|*hernest}} (="provisions for an army") via Old French {{lang|fro|harnois}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Harness|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/harness|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:harsh|harsh]]: probably from Middle English {{lang|enm|harske}} "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Harsh|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/harsh|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:haunt|haunt]]: {{lang|non|heimta}} (="to bring back home") through Anglo-Norman {{lang|xno|haunter}} (="to reside", "to frequent"), (Old) French {{lang|fro|hanter}} from Norman {{lang|nrf|hanter}}.<ref>Elisabeth Ridel, ''Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française'', éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 222–223.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Haunt|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/haunt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:haven|haven]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|höfn}} (="haven, harbor")<ref>{{cite web|title=Haven|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/haven|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:hit|hit]]: {{lang|non|hitta}} (="to find")<ref>{{cite web|title=Hit|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hit|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary: how|how]] (or [[wiktionary: howe|howe]]): {{lang|non|haugr}} (="barrow, small hill") Usage preserved mainly in place names<ref>{{cite web|title=How|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=how|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:husband|husband]]: {{lang|non|husbondi}} (="master of the house")<ref>{{cite web|title=Husband|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=husband|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:hug|hug]]: Possibly from Old Norse {{lang|non|hugga}} (="to comfort")<ref>{{cite web|title=Hug|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/hug|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>

==I==
;[[wiktionary:ill|ill]]: {{lang|non|illr}} (="bad")<ref>{{cite web|title=Ill|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ill|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:irk|irk]]: {{lang|non|yrkja}} (="to work")<ref>{{cite web|title=Irk|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=irk|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 October 2010}}</ref>

==J==
;[[jökulhlaup]]: from Icelandic {{lang|is|jökulhlaup}} from Old Norse {{lang|non|jǫkull}} and {{lang|non|hlaup}}.
;[[wiktionary:jarl|jarl]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|jarl}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Jarl|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/jarl|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>

==K==
;[[wiktionary:kedge|kedge]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source or related to "cadge"<ref>{{cite web|title=Kedge|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/kedge|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:keg|keg]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|kaggi}} (="keg, cask")<ref>{{cite web|title=Keg|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/keg|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:keel|keel]]: {{lang|non|kjölr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Keel|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=keel|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:kenning|kenning]]: a descriptive phrase used in [[Germanic poetry]], a modern learned word from Old Norse kenning in a special sense.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kenning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/kenning|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:kick|kick]]: Of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old Norse {{lang|non|kikn}} (="bend backwards, sink at the knees")<ref>{{cite web|title=Kick|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/kick|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:kid|kid]]: {{lang|non|kið}} (="young goat")<ref>{{cite web|title=Kid|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kid|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:kidnap|kidnap]]: From ''kid'' + a variant of ''nab'', both of which are of Scandinavian origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kidnap|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/kidnap|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:kilt|kilt]]: From Middle English {{lang|enm|kilten}}, from a Scandinavian source<ref>{{cite web|title=Kilt|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/kilt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:kindle|kindle]]: {{lang|non|kynda}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Kindle|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kindle|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref>
;[[knife]]: {{lang|non|knífr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Knife|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=knife|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>

==L==
;[[wiktionary:lad|lad]]: {{lang|non|ladd}} (="young man (unlikely)")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lad|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=lad|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lag|lag]]: Possibly from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian {{lang|no|lagga}} (="go slowly")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lass|lass]]: From a Scandinavian source related to Old Swedish {{lang|sv|løsk kona}} (="unmarried woman") or Old Norse {{lang|non|löskr}} (="idle, weak")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lass|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lass|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lathe|lathe]]: {{lang|non|hlaða}} (="to load")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lathe|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=lathe|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:law|law]]: {{lang|non|*lagu}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Law|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=law|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:leg|leg]]: {{lang|non|leggr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Leg|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=leg|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lemming|lemming]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|lomundr}} via Norwegian {{lang|no|lemming}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Lemming|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lemming|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lift|lift]]: {{lang|non|lypta}} (="to raise")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lift|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lift|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:likely|likely]]: {{lang|non|líkligr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Likely|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=likely|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:link|link]]: {{lang|non|*hlenkr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Link|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=link|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:litmus|litmus]]: {{lang|non|litmose}} (="lichen for dyeing", lita ="to stain")<ref>{{cite web|title=Litmus|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=litmus|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:loan|loan]]: {{lang|non|lán}} (="to lend")<ref>{{cite web|title=Loan|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=loan|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:loft|loft]]: {{lang|non|lopt}} (="an upper room or floor : attic, air, sky")<ref>{{cite web|title=Loft|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=loft|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:loose|loose]]: {{lang|non|lauss}} (="loose/free")<ref>{{cite web|title=Loose|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=loose|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lope|lope]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|hlaupa}} (="to run, leap, spring up")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lope|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lope|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:low|low]]: {{lang|non|lagr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Low|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=low|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:lug|lug]]: From Scandinavian, related to Swedish {{lang|sv|lugga}} and Norwegian {{lang|no|lugge}} (="to pull by the hair")<ref>{{cite web|title=Lug|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/lug|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>

==M==
;[[wiktionary:meek|meek]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|mjukr}} (='soft, pliant, gentle')<ref>{{cite web|title=Meek|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/meek|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:midden|midden]]: Of Scandinavian origin, related to Danish {{lang|da|mødding}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Midden|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/midden|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:mink|mink]]: From a Scandinavian source, related to Swedish {{lang|sv|menk}} (="a stinking animal in Finland")<ref>{{cite web|title=Mink|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/mink|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:mire|mire]]: {{lang|non|myrr}} (='bog')<ref>{{cite web|title=Mire|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mire|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:mistake|mistake]]: {{lang|non|mistaka}} (="miscarry")<ref>{{cite web|title=Mistake|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mistake|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:mold|mold]] (fungus): related to Old Norse ''mygla'' "grow moldy"<ref>{{cite web|title=Mold|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/mold|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=15 May 2025}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:muck|muck]]: {{lang|non|myki}} (="cow dung")<ref>{{cite web|title=Muck|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=muck|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:mug|mug]]: {{lang|non|mugge}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mug|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mug|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:muggy|muggy]]: {{lang|non|mugga}} (="drizzle, mist")<ref>{{cite web|title=Muggy|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=muggy|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>

==N==
;[[wiktionary:nab|nab]]: Probably a variant of dialectal ''nap'' "to seize, catch, lay hold of", which possibly is from Scandinavian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nab|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/nab|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:nag|nag]]: Probably ultimately from a Scandinavian source, related to Old Norse {{lang|non|gnaga}} (="to complain," literally "to bite, gnaw")<ref>{{cite web|title=Nag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/nag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:narwhal|narwhal]]: From Danish and Norwegian {{lang|da|narhval}}, probably a metathesis of Old Norse {{lang|non|nahvalr}}, literally "corpse-whale," from {{lang|non|na}} "corpse"<ref>{{cite web|title=Narwhal|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/narwhal|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:nasty|nasty]]: Likely related to Swedish dialectal and Danish naskug, nasket "dirty, nasty".<ref>{{cite web|title=Nasty|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/nasty|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:nay|nay]], [[wiktionary:naysayer|naysayer]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|nei}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Nay|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/nay|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:niggard|niggard]], [[wiktionary:niggardly|niggardly]]: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse {{lang|non|*hniggw}}, possibly via French<ref>{{cite web|title=Niggard|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/niggard|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[Normans|Norman]], [[Normandy]]: from Old Norse through Old French, meaning "northman", due to Viking settlement in Normandy region<ref>{{cite web|title=Norman|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=norman|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:nudge|nudge]]: Perhaps from Scandinavian, related to Norwegian {{lang|no|nugge/nyggje}} (="to jostle, rub") and Icelandic {{lang|is|nugga}} (="to rub, massage")<ref>{{cite web|title=Nudge|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/nudge|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref>

==O==
;[[wiktionary:oaf|oaf]]: {{lang|non|alfr}} (="elf")<ref>{{cite web|title=Oaf|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=oaf|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:odd|odd]]: {{lang|non|oddi}} (="third number", "the casting vote")<ref>{{cite web|title=Odd|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=odd|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[ombudsman]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|umboðsmaðr}} through Swedish {{lang|sv|ombudsman}}, meaning "commissary", "representative", "steward"<ref>{{cite web|title=Ombudsman|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ombudsman|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:outlaw|outlaw]]: {{lang|non|utlagi}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Outlaw|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=outlaw|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>

==P==
;[[wiktionary:peen|peen]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian {{lang|non|penn}} and Old Swedish {{lang|non|pæna}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Peen|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/peen|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:plough|plough]], [[wiktionary:plow|plow]]: {{lang|non|plogr}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Plow|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=plow|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:prod|prod]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|broddr}} (="shaft, spike")<ref>{{cite web|title=Prod|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/prod|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>

==Q==
;[[wiktionary:queasy|queasy]]: Possibly from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse {{lang|non|kveisa}} (="a boil") (Middle English Compendium compares Old Norse {{lang|non|iðra-kveisa}} "bowel pains").<ref>{{cite web|title=Queasy|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/queasy|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref>

==R==
;[[wiktionary:race|race]]: {{lang|non|rás}} (="to race", "to run", "to rush", "to move swift")<ref>{{cite web|title=Race|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=race|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:raft|raft]]: {{lang|non|raptr}} (="log")<ref>{{cite web|title=Raft|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raft|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rag|rag]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|rögg}} (="shaggy tuft, rough hair")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:ragged|ragged]]: Related to "rag", perhaps from or reinforced by Old Norse {{lang|non|raggaðr}} (="shaggy").<ref>{{cite web|title=Ragged|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ragged|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:ragtag|ragtag]]: From rag + tag, both component words being of Scandinavian origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ragtag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ragtag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:raise|raise]]: {{lang|non|reisa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Raise|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=raise|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:ransack|ransack]]: {{lang|non|rannsaka}} (="to search the house")<ref>{{cite web|title=Ransack|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ransack|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:reef|reef]]: Likely from Old Norse {{lang|non|rif}} (="ridge in the sea; reef in a sail") via Dutch {{lang|nd|riffe}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Reef|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/reef|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[regret]]: {{lang|non|gráta}} ("to weep, groan") + French prefix {{lang|fr|re-}} through Old French {{lang|fro|regreter}}, itself from Old Norman-French {{lang|nrf|regrater, regreter}}, influenced by Old English {{lang|ang|grætan}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Regret|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=regret|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
;[[reindeer]]: {{lang|non|hreindyri}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Reindeer|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=reindeer|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rid|rid]]: Possibly from Old Norse {{lang|non|ryðja}} (="to clear (land) of obstructions")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rid|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rid|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rift|rift]]: Related to Old Norse {{lang|non|ripa/rifa}} (=""to tear apart, break a contract")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rift|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rift|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rig|rig]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source. May be related to Danish/Norwegian {{lang|da|rigge}} (="to equip") and Swedish {{lang|sv|rigga}} (="to rig, harness")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rig|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rig|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rive|rive]]: {{lang|non|rífa}} (="to scratch, plow, tear")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rive|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0713220#m_en_gb0713220|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=13 July 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
;[[root]]: {{lang|non|rót}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Root|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=root|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rotten|rotten]]: {{lang|non|rotinn}} (="decayed")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rotten|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rotten|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rug|rug]]: {{lang|non|rogg}} (="shaggy tuft")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rug|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rug|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rugged|rugged]]: {{lang|non|rogg}} (="shaggy tuft")<ref>{{cite web|title=Rugged|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rugged|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:rump|rump]]: From a Scandinavian source related to Danish/Norwegian {{lang|non|rumpe}} and Swedish {{lang|non|rumpa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Rump|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/rump|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>

==S==
;[[wiktionary:saga|saga]]: {{lang|non|saga}} (="story, tale")<ref>{{cite web|title=Saga|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=saga|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sale|sale]]: {{lang|non|sala}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sale|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sale|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:same|same]]: {{lang|non|same, samr}} (="same")<ref>{{cite web|title=Same|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=same|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scale|scale]]: (for weighing) from {{lang|non|skal}} (="bowl, drinking cup", or in plural "weighing scale" referring to the cup or pan part of a balance) in early English used to mean "cup"<ref>{{cite web|title=Scale|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scale|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scalp|scalp]]: From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse {{lang|non|skalli}} (="a bald head") or {{lang|non|skalpr}} (="sheath, scabbard")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scalp|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scalp|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scant|scant]]: {{lang|non|skamt}} and {{lang|non|skammr}} (="short, lacking")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scant|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scant|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scare|scare]]: {{lang|non|skirra}} (="to frighten)<ref>{{cite web|title=Scare|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scare|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scarf|scarf]]: {{lang|non|skarfr}} (="fastening joint") ("scarf" and "scarves" have possibly been reintroduced to modern Swedish{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} in their English forms as slang, but Swedes almost always use the compound "neck-cloth" (hals-duk).<ref>{{cite web|title=Scarf|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scarf|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scathe|scathe]]: {{lang|non|skaða}} (="to hurt, injure")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scathe|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scathe|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scoff|scoff]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|skaup, skop}} (="mockery, ridicule")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scoff|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scoff|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scofflaw|scofflaw]]: From scoff + law, both of which are of Old Norse origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scofflaw|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scofflaw|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scold|scold]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|skald}} (="poet")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scold|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scold|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scorch|scorch]]: Perhaps from Old Norse {{lang|non|skorpna}} (="to be shriveled"). It was previously thought to be from Old French, but this is now considered unlikely.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scorch|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scorch|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:score|score]]: {{lang|non|skor}} (="notch"; "twenty")<ref>{{cite web|title=Score|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=score|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scowl|scowl]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian {{lang|no|skule}} (="look furtively, squint, look embarrassed") and Danish {{lang|da|skule}} (="to scowl, cast down the eyes")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scowl|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scowl|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scrag|scrag]]: Related to Norwegian {{lang|no|skragg}} "a lean person;" dialectal Swedish {{lang|non|skraka}} "a great, dry tree; a long, lean man," {{lang|non|skragge}} "old and torn thing," Danish {{lang|non|skrog}} "hull of a ship; carcass," Icelandic {{lang|non|skröggr}}, a nickname of the fox<ref>{{cite web|title=Scrag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scrag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scrap|scrap]]: {{lang|non|skrap}} (="scraps, trifles") from {{lang|non|skrapa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Scrap|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scrap|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scrape|scrape]]: {{lang|non|skrapa}} (="to scrape, erase")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scrape|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=scrape|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scrawny|scrawny]]: Of uncertain origin but probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse {{lang|non|skrælna}} (="to shrivel")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scrawny|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scrawny|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scree|scree]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|skriða}} (="landslide")<ref>{{cite web|title=Scree|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scree|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:scuff|scuff]], [[wiktionary:scuffle|scuffle]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse {{lang|non|skufa, skyfa}} (="to shove, push aside"), via Scottish<ref>{{cite web|title=Scuff|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scuff|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:seat|seat]]: {{lang|non|sæti}} (="seat, position")<ref>{{cite web|title=Seat|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=seat|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:seem|seem]]: {{lang|non|sœma}} (="to conform")<ref>{{cite web|title=Seem|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=seem|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:shrimp|shrimp]]: Probably from or related to Old Norse {{lang|non|skreppa}} (="thin person")<ref>{{cite web|title=Shrimp|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/shrimp|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:shrivel|shrivel]]: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source and related to Swedish {{lang|non|skryvla}} (="to wrinkle, to shrivel")<ref>{{cite web|title=Shrivel|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/shrivel|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:shrug|shrug]]: perhaps connected to Danish {{lang|non|skrugge}} "to stoop, crouch."<ref>{{cite web|title=Shrug|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/shrug|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:silt|silt]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danish {{lang|da|sylt}} (="salt marsh") and Old Swedish {{lang|non|sylta}} (="mud")<ref>{{cite web|title=Silt|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/silt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skate|skate]]: {{lang|non|skata}} (="fish")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skate|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=skate|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skeet|skeet]]: ultimately from Old Norse {{lang|non|skjota}} (="to shoot")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skeet|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skeet|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skerry|skerry]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|sker}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Skerry|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skerry|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skewer|skewer]]: Possibly from Old Norse {{lang|non|skifa}} (="a cut, slice")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skewer|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skewer|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:ski|ski]]: From Norwegian {{lang|no|ski}}, related to Old Norse {{lang|non|skið}} (="long snowshoe")<ref>{{cite web|title=Ski|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/ski|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skid|skid]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|skið}} (="stick of wood")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skid|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skid|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skill|skill]]: {{lang|non|skil}} (="distinction")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skill|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=skill|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skin|skin]]: {{lang|non|skinn}} (="animal hide")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skin|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=skin|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skip|skip]]: {{lang|non|skopa}} (="to skip, run)<ref>{{cite web|title=Skip|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=skip|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skit|skit]]: Perhaps ultimately from Old Norse {{lang|non|skjuta}} (="to shoot, move quickly")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skit|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skit|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skitter|skitter]], [[wiktionary:skittish|skittish]]: Perhaps relate to Old Norse {{lang|non|skjota}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Skitter|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skitter|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skirt|skirt]]
: {{lang|non|skyrta}} (="shirt")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skirt|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=skirt|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skive|skive]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|skifa}} (="to cut, split")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skive|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skive|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skrike|skrike]]: {{lang|non|skríkja}} (="to scream")<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skrike|title=skrike - Wiktionary|website=en.wiktionary.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skua|skua]]: from Faroese {{lang|fo|skugvur}}, related to Old Norse {{lang|non|skufr}} (="seagull, tuft, tassel"), and possibly to {{lang|non|skauf}} (="fox's tail").<ref>{{cite web|title=Skua|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skua|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skull|skull]]: {{lang|non|skulle}} (="head")<ref>{{cite web|title=Skull|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=skull|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sky|sky]]: {{lang|non|ský}} (="cloud")<ref>{{cite web|title=Sky|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sky|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:skyscraper|skyscraper]]: From ''sky'' + ''scrape'', both of which originate from Old Norse<ref>{{cite web|title=Skyscraper|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/skyscraper|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slam|slam]]: From a Scandinavian source, ultimately of imitative origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Slam|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slam|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slant|slant]]: {{lang|non|sletta, slenta}} (="to throw carelessly")<ref>{{cite web|title=Slant|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=slant|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slaughter|slaughter]]: {{lang|non|*slahtr}} (="butchering")<ref>{{cite web|title=Slaughter|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=slaughter|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slaver|slaver]]: {{lang|non|slafra}} (="slaver")<ref>{{cite web|title=Slaver|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=slaver|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sledge|sledge]]: {{lang|non|sleggja}} (="sledgehammer")<ref>{{cite web|title=Sledge|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sledge|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sleight|sleight]]: {{lang|non|slœgð}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sleight|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sleight|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sleuth|sleuth]]: {{lang|non|sloð}} (="trail")<ref>{{cite web|title=Sleuth|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sleuth|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slight|slight]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|slettr}} (="smooth, sleek")<ref>{{cite web|title=Slight|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slight|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sling|sling]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|slyngva}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sling|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/sling|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slob|slob]]: From a Scandinavian source via Irish<ref>{{cite web|title=Slob|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slob|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slot|slot]]: Perhaps from Old Norse sloð "trail" via Old French esclot "hoofprint of a deer or horse".<ref>{{cite web|title=Slot|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slot|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=30 November 2024}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slouch|slouch]]: Related to Old Norse {{lang|non|slokr}} ("lazy fellow")<ref>{{cite web|title=Slouch|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slouch|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slump|slump]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Norwegian and Danish {{lang|da|slumpe}} (="fall upon,") Swedish {{lang|sv|slumpa}}; perhaps ultimately of imitative origin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Slump|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slump|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:slush|slush]]: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danish {{lang|da|slask}} (="slushy ground")<ref>{{cite web|title=Slush|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/slush|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sly|sly]]: {{lang|non|sloegr}} (="cunning, crafty, sly")<ref>{{cite web|title=Sly|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sly|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:smithy|smithy]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|smiðja}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Smithy|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/smithy|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:snag|snag]]: From a Scandinavian source, related Old Norse {{lang|non|snagi}} (="clothes peg")<ref>{{cite web|title=Snag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/snag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:snare|snare]]: {{lang|non|snara}} (="noose, snare")<ref>{{cite web|title=Snare|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=snare|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=25 August 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:snape|snape]]: {{lang|non|sneypa}} (="to outrage, dishonor, disgrace")<ref>{{cite web|title=Snape|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/snape|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:snipe|snipe]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|-snipa}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Snipe|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/snipe|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sniper|sniper]]: From English ''snipe'', which was derived from Old Norse<ref>{{cite web|title=Sniper|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/sniper|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:snub|snub]]: {{lang|non|snubba}} (="to curse")<ref>{{cite web|title=Snub|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=snub|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:snug|snug]], [[wiktionary:snuggle|snuggle]]: Perhaps from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|snoggr}} (="short-haired")<ref>{{cite web|title=Snug|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/snug|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:spike|spike]]: perhaps from or related to a Scandinavian word, such as Old Norse {{lang|non|spik}} "splinter," Middle Swedish {{lang|sv|spijk}} "nail".<ref>{{cite web|title=Spike|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/spike|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sprint|sprint]]: {{lang|non|spretta}} (="to jump up")<ref>{{cite web|title=Sprint|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sprint|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:squabble|squabble]]: probably from a Scandinavian source and of imitative origin<ref>{{cite web|title=Squabble|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/squabble|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:squall|squall]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse {{lang|non|skvala}} (="to cry out")<ref>{{cite web|title=Squall|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/squall|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:stack|stack]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|stakkr}} (="haystack")<ref>{{cite web|title=Stack|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/stack|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:stagger|stagger]]: {{lang|non|stakra}} (="to push")<ref>{{cite web|title=Stagger|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=stagger|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:stain|stain]]: {{lang|non|steina}} (="to paint")<ref>{{cite web|title=Stain|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=stain|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=27 October 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:steak|steak]]: {{lang|non|steik}}, {{lang|non|steikja}} (="to fry")<ref>{{cite web|title=Steak|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=steak|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:stern|stern]] (nautical): probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse {{lang|non|stjorn}} "a steering," related to or derived from {{lang|non|styra}} "to guide".<ref>{{cite web|title=Stern|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/stern|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:stoup|stoup]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|staup}} (="cup")<ref>{{cite web|title=Stoup|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/stoup|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:stumble|stumble]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source, may be related to Norwegian {{lang|no|stumla}}, Swedish {{lang|sv|stambla}} (="to stumble")<ref>{{cite web|title=Stumble|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/stumble|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:swag|swag]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|sveggja}} (="to swing, sway")<ref>{{cite web|title=Swag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/swag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:swain|swain]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|sveinn}} "boy, servant, attendant".<ref>{{cite web|title=Swain|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/swain|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:sway|sway]]: {{lang|non|sveigja}} (="to bend, swing, give way")<ref>{{cite web|title=Sway|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=sway|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=27 October 2010}}</ref>

==T==
;[[wiktionary:tag|tag]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian {{lang|no|tagg}} (="point, prong, barb") and Swedish {{lang|sv|tagg}} (="prickle, thorn")<ref>{{cite web|title=Tag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tangle|tangle]]: From a Scandinavian source, possibly related to Old Norse {{lang|non|þongull}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Tangle|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tangle|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:take|take]]: {{lang|non|taka}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Take|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=take|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[Tarn (lake)|tarn]]: {{lang|non|tjǫrn}}, {{lang|non|tjarn}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Tarn|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tarn|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tatter|tatter]]: From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|töturr}} (="rags, tatters, tattered garment")<ref>{{cite web|title=Tatter|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tatter|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:teem|teem]]: {{lang|non|tœma}} (="to empty")<ref>{{cite web|title=Teem|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=teem|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=24 October 2014}}
</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tern|tern]]: From a Scandinavian source akin via East Anglian dialect<ref>{{cite web|title=Tern|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tern|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tether|tether]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|tjoðr}} (="tether")<ref>{{cite web|title=Tether|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tether|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:their|their]]: {{lang|non|þeirra}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Their|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=their|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:they|they]]: {{lang|non|þeir}}<ref>{{cite web|title=They|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=they|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:though|though]]: from Old English {{lang|ang|þēah}}, and in part from Old Norse {{lang|non| þó}} (="though")<ref>{{cite web|title=Though|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=though|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[thrall]]: {{lang|non|þræll}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Thrall|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ado|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:thrift|thrift]]: {{lang|non|þrift}} (="prosperity")<ref>{{cite web|title=Thrift|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=thrift|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:thrive|thrive]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to {{lang|non|þrifask}} (="to thrive", originally "grasp to oneself")<ref>{{cite web|title=Thrive|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/thrive|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:thrust|thrust]]: {{lang|non|þrysta}} (="to thrust, force")<ref>{{cite web|title=Thrust|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=thrust|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:thwart|thwart]]: {{lang|non|þvert}} (="across")<ref>{{cite web|title=Thwart|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=thwart|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tidings|tidings]]: {{lang|non|tíðindi}} (="news of events")<ref>{{cite web|title=Tidings|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0863790#m_en_gb0863790|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=25 August 2010}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tight|tight]]: {{lang|non|þéttr}} (="watertight, close in texture, solid")<ref>{{cite web|title=Tight|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tight|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=24 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:till|till]]: {{lang|non|til}} (="to, until")<ref>{{cite web|title=Till|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=till|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:toft|toft]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|topt}} (="homestead")<ref>{{cite web|title=Toft|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/toft|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:toom|toom]]: {{lang|non|tóm}} (="vacant time, leisure")
;[[wiktionary:toss|toss]]: Of uncertain origin, possibly from a Scandinavian source<ref>{{cite web|title=Toss|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/toss|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:trash|trash]]: Perhaps from Old Norse {{lang|non|tros}} (="rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs")<ref>{{cite web|title=Trash|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/trash|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:troll|troll]]: {{lang|non|troll}} (="giant, fiend, demon"; further etymology is disputed)<ref>{{cite web|title=Troll|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=troll|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:trust|trust]] (verb): {{lang|non|traust}} (="help, confidence")<ref>{{cite web|title=Trust|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=trust|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tryst|tryst]]: from Old French {{lang|fro|tristre}} (="waiting place, appointed station in hunting"), probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|treysta}} (="to trust, make firm").<ref>{{cite web|title=Tryst|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tryst|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:tyke|tyke]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|tik}} (="bitch")<ref>{{cite web|title=Tyke|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tyke|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>

==U==
;[[Ugly (disambiguation)|ugly]]: {{lang|non|uggligr}} (="Dreadfull, repulsive")<ref>{{cite web|title=Ugly|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ugly|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:until|until]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|und}} (="as far as, up to") and {{lang|non|til}} (="until, up to")<ref>{{cite web|title=Until|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=until|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>

==V==
;[[wiktionary:valkyrie|valkyrie]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|valkyrja}}, literally "chooser of the slain," from {{lang|non|valr}} (="those slain in battle") + {{lang|non|kyrja}} (="chooser"), from ablaut root of {{lang|non|kjosa}} (="to choose")<ref>{{cite web|title=Valkyrie|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/valkyrie|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:viking|viking]]: {{lang|non|vikingr}} (="one who came from the fjords", {{lang|non|vik}} = small and not deep fjord)<ref>{{cite web|title=Viking|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=viking|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=20 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:vole|vole]]: Probably from Old Norse {{lang|non|völlr}} (="field")<ref>{{cite web|title=Vole|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/vole|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>

==W==
;[[wiktionary:wad|wad]]: from Old Norse {{lang|non|vaðmal}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Wad|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wad|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wag|wag]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source related Old Norse {{lang|non|vagga}} (="a cradle")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wag|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wag|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:waif|waif]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|veif}} (="waving thing, flag") via Anglo-French {{lang|xno|waif}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Waif|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/waif|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wail|wail]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|væla}} (="to lament")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wail|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wail|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:waive|waive]], [[wiktionary:waiver|waiver]]: from Anglo-French {{lang|xno|weyver}} "to abandon, waive" (Old French {{lang|fro|guever}} "to abandon, give back"), probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|veifa}} "to swing about".<ref>{{cite web|title=Waive|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/waive|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=22 April 2024}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:walrus|walrus]]: A loanword from Dutch, but probably ultimately an alteration of a Scandinavian word.<ref>{{cite web|title=Walrus|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/walrus|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wand|wand]]: {{lang|non|vondr}} (="rod")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wand|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wand|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:want|want]]: {{lang|non|vanta}} (="to lack")<ref>{{cite web|title=Want|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=want|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wapentake|wapentake]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|vapnatak}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Wapentake|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wapentake|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wassail|wassail]]: From Old Norse {{lang|non|vas heill}} (="be healthy")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wassail|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wassail|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:weak|weak]]: {{lang|non|veikr}} (="weak, pliant")<ref>{{cite web|title=Weak|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=weak|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wheeze|wheeze]]: Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse {{lang|non|hvoesa}} (="to hiss")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wheeze|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wheeze|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:whirl|whirl]]: {{lang|non|hvirfla}} (="to go around")<ref>{{cite web|title=Whirl|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=whirl|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:whisk|whisk]]: {{lang|non|viska}} (="to plait")<ref>{{cite web|title=Whisk|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=whisk|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wicker|wicker]]: From a Scandinavian source, related to Danish {{lang|da|viger}} and Middle Swedish {{lang|non|viker}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Wicker|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wicker|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wicket|wicket]]: {{lang|non|vík}} (="bay") + French suffix {{lang|fr|-et}} through Anglo-Norman {{lang|xno|wicket}}, itself from Old Norman-French {{lang|mis|wiket}}, Norman-French {{lang|nfr|viquet}} > French {{lang|fr|guichet}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Wicket|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wicket|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref>Elisabeth Ridel, ''Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française'', éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 276–277.</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wight|wight]]: {{lang|non|vigr}} (="able in battle") – the other ''wight'' meaning "man" is from Old English<ref>{{cite web|title=Wight|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wight|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wile|wile]]: {{lang|non|vél}} (="trick, craft, fraud")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wile|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wile|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:windlass|windlass]]: {{lang|non|vindáss}} (= "windlass", literally "winding-pole"), through Old Norman / Anglo-Norman {{lang|xno|windas}}, from {{lang|non|vinda}} ("to wind") + {{lang|non|áss}} ("pole").<ref>Hoad, TF (ed) ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology'' (1993) Oxford University Press {{ISBN|0-19-283098-8}}, p. 542a</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Windlass|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/windlass|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:window|window]]: {{lang|non|vindauga}} (="wind-eye") – although {{lang|non|gluggi}} was more commonly used in Old Norse<ref>{{cite web|title=Window|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=window|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wing|wing]]: {{lang|non|vængr}} (="a wing")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wing|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wing|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=13 July 2010}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wreck|wreck]]: From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse {{lang|non|*wrek}} (="wreck, flotsam"), via Anglo-Norman {{lang|xno|wrec}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Wreck|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/wreck|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>
;[[wiktionary:wrong|wrong]]: {{lang|non|rangr}} (="crooked, wry, wrong")<ref>{{cite web|title=Wrong|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wrong|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=24 July 2010}}</ref>

==Y==
;[[wiktionary:yaw|yaw]]: Perhaps ultimately from Old Norse {{lang|non|jaga}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Yaw|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/yaw|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|access-date=16 January 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Lists of English words of international origin]]
*[[List of English words of Scandinavian origin]]
*[[List of English words of Norwegian origin]]
*[[List of English words of Danish origin]]
*[[List of English words of Swedish origin]]
*[[Old Norse language]]
*[[Old Norse orthography]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary category|type=with [[Old Norse language]] origins|category=Old Norse derivations}}

*[https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/139-norse-words Babbel.com - 139 Old Norse words that invaded the English language]
*[http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/language/English-Old_Norse.pdf English-Old Norse dictionary]
*[http://www.merriam-webster.com Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]
*[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Old+Norse&searchmode=none Online Etymology dictionary]
*[http://www.oed.com Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition (1989)]
* [http://www.wiktionary.org Wiktionary]
* [http://germanic-studies.org/Scandinavian-loanwords-in-Old-and-Middle-English-and-their-legacy-in-the-dialects-of-England-and-modern-standard-English.htm Old Norse loans in Old and Middle English, and their legacy in the dialects of England and modern standard English]

{{English words of foreign origin}}

[[Category:Lists of English words of foreign origin|Old Norse]]
[[Category:Old Norse]]
[[Category:Anglo-Norse England]]

Vero - Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

List of English words of Old Norse origin