1924 Winter Olympics

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Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Olympic games The 1924 Winter Olympics, officially known as the I Olympic Winter Games (Template:Langx) and commonly known as Chamonix 1924 (Template:Langx), were a winter multi-sport event which was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Organized by the French Olympic Committee and held as part of an “International Winter Sports Week,” the competitions took place in Chamonix and Haute-Savoie, France, from 25 January to 5 February 1924. Although not initially termed “Winter Olympics,” the event was later retroactively recognized by the IOC in 1925 as the first Olympic Winter Games, establishing the precedent for separate Winter Games thereafter.<ref name="IOC stamp of approval">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=CNN2014>Template:Cite web</ref>

The tradition of holding the Winter Olympics in the same year as the Summer Olympics would continue until 1992, after which the current practice of holding a Winter Olympics in the second year after each Summer Olympics began.

Although figure skating had been an Olympic event in both London and Antwerp and ice hockey had been an event in Antwerp, winter sports had always been limited by the season. At the 1921 IOC convention in Lausanne, there was a call for equality for winter sports. After much discussion, it was decided that France, host nation for the 1924 Summer Olympics, would hold an "international week of winter sport" in Chamonix.

While not one of the official 16 events (nor one of the 6 sports) during the "International Winter Sports Week", the closing ceremony included Pierre de Coubertin presenting gold medals in "Alpinism" (mountaineering) to the members of the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition, represented in Chamonix by Lt Col Edward Strutt, deputy expedition leader.<ref name="olympicmedals1922expedition">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Efn

Highlights

Day 2

Charles Jewtraw of the United States won the first gold medal of the games in the 500-meter speed skate,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> making him the first Winter Olympic champion.<ref name="IOC Factsheet">Template:Cite web</ref>

Day 4

Sonja Henie of Norway, at just eleven years old, took part in the ladies' figure skating competition. Although she finished last, she became popular with fans and went on to take gold at the following three Winter Olympics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Day 6

Figure skater Gillis Grafström of Sweden became the first athlete to successfully defend his Summer Olympic title at the Winter Olympics (having won a gold medal in 1920).

Day 8

The Canadian ice hockey team (Toronto Granites) finished their qualifying round with three wins against Czechoslovakia (30–0), Sweden (22–0), and Switzerland (33–0), scoring a total of 85 goals and conceding none.<ref name="IOC Canadian Ice Hockey">Template:Cite web</ref>

Day 10

Finding themselves in the same situation as Gillis Grafström, the Canadian ice hockey team is the last to defend their Summer Olympics title at the Winter Olympics successfully. Canada would dominate ice hockey in early Olympic competitions, winning six of the first seven gold medals awarded.

Epilogue

Taffy Abel (1900–1964) was an Indigenous Ojibwe ice hockey player. He was the first Native American in the Winter Olympic Games (1924 Hockey Silver Medal), the 1924 Flag Bearer for the United States at the 1924 Winter Olympics, the first Native American in the National Hockey League (1926), and a Stanley Cup champion (1929 and 1934).

At the closing ceremony, a prize for alpinism, a sport not officially included in the Olympic Winter Games, was awarded by Pierre de Coubertin to Lt Col Edward Strutt, the deputy leader of British expedition, on behalf of their attempt to climb Mount Everest in 1922.<ref name="olympic-heroes">Template:Cite news</ref>

For the first time in the history of the modern Olympics, the host country (in this case, France) failed to win any gold medals, finishing with three bronze medals. The same outcome occurred at the next Winter Olympics in St. Moritz where Switzerland won only a single bronze medal, the lowest ever output by a host nation at an Olympics. Later host nations to finish without gold medals included Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Yugoslavia at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, and Canada for a second time at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary.

In 1925, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) decided to organize the Olympic Winter Games every four years, independent of the Olympic Games proper, and recognized the International Winter Sports Week as the first Olympic Winter Games in retrospect.

The final individual medal of Chamonix 1924 was presented in 1974. The ski jumping event was unusual because the bronze medalist was not determined for fifty years. Norway's Thorleif Haug was awarded third place at the event's conclusion, but a clerical error in calculating Haug's score was discovered in 1974 by skiing historian Jakob Vaage, who further determined that Anders Haugen of the United States, who had finished fourth, had actually scored 0.095 points more than Haug. This was verified by the IOC, and in Oslo in September 1974, Haug's daughter presented the medal to the 86-year-old Haug.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 2006, the IOC confirmed that the medals awarded to the 1924 curling and military patrol teams were official.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The IOC verified that curling was officially part of the program, after the Glasgow Herald newspaper filed a claim on behalf of the families of the team.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Events

Medals were awarded in 16 events contested in 5 sports (9 disciplines). Many sources do not list curling and the military patrol as Olympic events, or list them as demonstration events. However, no such designation was made in 1924. In February 2006, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ruled that curling and military patrol were part of the Olympic program, and have included the medals awarded in the official count.

Venues

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Participating nations

Athletes from 16 nations competed in the first Winter Olympic Games. Germany was banned from competing in the games, and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele.

Participating National Olympic Committees

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Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees

Medal count

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Pierre de Coubertin—founder of the IOC & father of the modern Olympics movement—personally awarded, in addition to the medals awarded in the sports competitions, 21 gold medals to members of the 1922 British Mount Everest Expedition including 12 Britons, 7 Indians, 1 Australian and 1 Nepalese.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Only the gold medal from 1924 is assigned to the Winter Olympics by the IOC in its database to the Mixed team,<ref name="Olympedia">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="1924_olympics.com">Template:Cite web</ref> while the medals from 1932 and 1936 are assigned to the Summer Olympics for the respective NOCs.<ref name="GER_profile">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="SUI_profile">Template:Cite web</ref> 1924 Winter Olympics medal table

Podium sweeps

Date Sport Event NOC Gold Silver Bronze
30 January Cross-country skiing Men's 50 kilometre Template:FlagIOC Thorleif Haug Thoralf Strømstad Johan Grøttumsbråten
4 February Nordic combined Normal hill Template:FlagIOC Thorleif Haug Thoralf Strømstad Johan Grøttumsbråten

See also

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Notes

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References

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