2159 Kukkamäki

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | class = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = 2159 Kukkamaki | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|upright={{#if:||1.1}}|alt=}} | caption = | headerstyle = {{#if:#D6D6D6|background-color:#D6D6D6|background-color:#E0CCFF}}; color:inherit; | labelstyle = max-width:{{#if:||11em}}; | autoheaders = y

| header1 = Discovery<ref name="jpldata" />

| label2 = Discovered by | data2 = L. Oterma | label3 = Discovery site | data3 = Turku Obs. | label4 = Discovery date | data4 = 16 October 1941 | label5 = Template:Longitem | data5 =

| header10 = {{#if:|Designations|Designations}}

| label11 = Template:Longitem | data11 = (2159) Kukkamaki | label12 = Pronunciation | data12 = | label13 = Template:Longitem | data13 = Tauno Kukkamäki Template:Small<ref name="springer" /> | label14 = Template:Longitem | data14 = 1941 UXTemplate:·1929 TL
Template:MpTemplate:·1935 EL
1939 FSTemplate:·1949 WM
Template:MpTemplate:·1970 EB
Template:MpTemplate:·1978 EB | label15 = Template:Longitem | data15 = main-beltTemplate:·Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" /> | label16 = Adjectives | data16 = | label17 = Symbol | data17 =

| header20 = Orbital characteristics{{#ifeq:|yes| (barycentric)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

| data21 = | data22 = {{#if:4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) |Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)}} | data23 = {{#if:0 | Uncertainty parameter 0}} | label24 = Observation arc | data24 = 87.58 yr (31,989 days) | label25 = Earliest precovery date | data25 = | label26 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |apsis|gee|barion|center|centre|(apsis)=Apo{{{apsis}}} |Ap{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}}} | data26 = 2.5808 AU | label27 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | data27 = 2.3847 AU | label28 = Peri{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}} | data28 = | label29 = {{#switch:{{{apsis}}} |helion|astron=Ap{{{apsis}}} |Apo{{#if:|{{{apsis}}}|apsis}}}} | data29 = | label30 = Periastron | data30 = | label31 = Apoastron | data31 = | label32 = Template:Longitem | data32 = 2.4827 AU | label33 = Template:Longitem | data33 = | label34 = Eccentricity | data34 = 0.0395 | label35 = Template:Longitem | data35 = 3.91 yr (1,429 days) | label36 = Template:Longitem | data36 = | label37 = Template:Longitem | data37 = | label38 = Template:Longitem | data38 = 75.776° | label39 = Template:Longitem | data39 = Template:Deg2DMS / day | label40 = Inclination | data40 = 3.2676° | label41 = Template:Longitem | data41 = | label42 = Template:Longitem | data42 = 351.15° | label43 = Template:Longitem | data43 = | label44 = Template:Longitem | data44 = | label45 = Template:Longitem | data45 = 122.78° | label46 = Template:Nowrap | data46 = | label47 = Satellite of | data47 = | label48 = Group | data48 = | label49 = {{#switch: |yes|true=Satellites |Known satellites}} | data49 = | label50 = Star | data50 = | label51 = Earth MOID | data51 = | label52 = Mercury MOID | data52 = | label53 = Venus MOID | data53 = | label54 = Mars MOID | data54 = | label55 = Jupiter MOID | data55 = | label56 = Saturn MOID | data56 = | label57 = Uranus MOID | data57 = | label58 = Neptune MOID | data58 = | label59 = TJupiter | data59 =

| header60 = Proper orbital elements

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({{#expr:365.25*360/1 round 3}} d) }} | label66 = Template:Longitem | data66 = {{#if:|{{{perihelion_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr }} | label67 = Template:Longitem | data67 = {{#if:|{{{node_rate}}} arcsecTemplate:\yr}}

| header70 = Template:Anchor{{#if:yes| Physical characteristics|Physical characteristics}}

| label71 = Dimensions | data71 = Template:Val km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
11.30 km Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
Template:Val km<ref name="WISE" /> | label72 = Template:Longitem | data72 = | label73 = Template:Longitem | data73 = | label74 = Template:Longitem | data74 = | label75 = Template:Longitem | data75 = | label76 = Flattening | data76 = | label77 = Circumference | data77 = | label78 = Template:Longitem | data78 = | label79 = Volume | data79 = | label80 = Mass | data80 = | label81 = Template:Longitem | data81 = | label82 = Template:Longitem | data82 = | label83 = Template:Longitem | data83 = | label84 = Template:Longitem | data84 = | label85 = Template:Longitem | data85 = Template:Val h<ref name="Lagerkvist-1979b" /> Template:Small
Template:Val h<ref name="Binzel-1987b" /> | label86 = Template:Longitem | data86 = | label87 = Template:Longitem | data87 = | label88 = Template:Longitem | data88 = | label89 = Template:Longitem | data89 = | label90 = Template:Longitem | data90 = | label91 = Template:Longitem | data91 = | label92 = Template:Longitem | data92 = | label93 = {{#if:yes |Template:Longitem |Albedo}} | data93 = Template:Val<ref name="WISE" />
Template:Val<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
0.20 Template:Small<ref name="lcdb" />
Template:Val<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> | label94 = Temperature | data94 =

| data100 = {{#if:|

{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}{{#if:|}}
Surface temp. min mean max
{{{temp_name1}}}
{{{temp_name2}}}
{{{temp_name3}}}
{{{temp_name4}}}

}}

| label101 = Surface absorbed dose rate | data101 = | label102 = Surface equivalent dose rate | data102 = | label103 = Template:Longitem | data103 = B–V = 0.870<ref name="jpldata" />
S Template:Small<ref name="Binzel-1987b" />Template:·S<ref name="lcdb" /> | label104 = Template:Longitem | data104 = | label105 = Template:Longitem | data105 = | label106 = Template:Longitem | data106 = Template:Val<ref name="Veres-2015" />Template:·11.83<ref name="Masiero-2012" />Template:·12.07<ref name="jpldata" />Template:·12.1<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Binzel-1987b" /> | label107 = Template:Longitem | data107 =

| header110 = Atmosphere

| label111 = Template:Longitem | data111 = | label112 = Template:Longitem | data112 = | label113 = Composition by volume | data113 =

| below = {{#if:||Template:Reflist }}

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2159 Kukkamäki, provisional designation Template:Mp, is a stony asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 11 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1941, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.<ref name="MPC-Kukkamaki" /> It was later named after Finnish geodesist Tauno Kukkamäki.<ref name="springer" />

Orbit and classification

Kukkamäki is a stony S-type asteroid. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.4–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,429 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.<ref name="jpldata" /> Kukkamäki was first identified as Template:Mp at Lowell Observatory in 1929, extending the body's observation arc by 12 prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Kukkamaki" />

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Kukkamäki measures between 9.86 and 12.14 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.193 and 0.337,<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="WISE" /> while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 11.30 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.1.<ref name="lcdb" />

Lightcurve

During an asteroid survey conducted at McDonald Observatory and CTIO in the 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of Kukkamäki was obtained by astronomer Richard Binzel. The photoelectric observation gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.06 hours with a brightness variation of 0.32 magnitude (Template:Small), superseding a previous result based on a fragmentary lightcurve.<ref name="Binzel-1987b" />

Naming

This minor planet was named after Finnish geodesist Tauno Kukkamäki (1909–1997), who was the director of the Finnish Geodetic Institute for many years and the president of the International Association of Geodesy. He was also a distinguished disciple of Yrjö Väisälä.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1979 (Template:Small).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Minor planets navigator {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Authority control

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