680s BC

Template:Short description This article concerns the period 689 BC – 680 BC. Template:Decadebox BC Template:BC year in topic

Chariot race on a black-figure hydria (Greece)

Events and trends

• 689 BC—King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> (or 691 BC<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>)
• 688 BC—Traditional date for the founding of Gela in Sicily by colonists from Rhodes and Crete.<ref>E.J. Bickerman, Chronology of the Ancient World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), p. 197</ref>
• 688 BC—Greece's games of the 23rd Olympiad are held at Olympia; boxing is added to the Olympic Games that are more and more intended as preparation for war. Icarius of Hyperesia wins the stadion race at the 23rd Olympic Games.<ref name="attalus.org">Eusebius of Caesarea, Chronicle [1].</ref>
• 687 BC—Gyges becomes king of Lydia.
• 687 BC—Hezekiah succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah, either this year or next<ref name=Alb>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=reign>The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). Template:ISBN, p. 217.</ref> or about a decade earlier.<ref name=Gersh>Template:Cite book</ref>
• 685 BC—Traditional date of the foundation of Chalcedon by Megara<ref>E.J. Bickerman, Chronology of the Ancient World (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968), p. 197</ref> or when it became a Greek colony.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• 684 BC—Spring and Autumn period: Duke Zhuang, ruler of the Chinese state of Lu, defeats Duke Huan of Qi in the Battle of Changshao.
• 684 BC—Cleoptolemus of Laconia wins the stadion race at the 24th Olympic Games.<ref name="attalus.org"/>
• 684 BC—Taharqa gives orders to build a temple to Amun-Re at Kawa<ref name=Macadam61>Template:Cite book</ref>
• 682 BC—Urtaki succeeds Shilnak-Inshushinak as the king of Elam.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 682 BC—Last year of the reign of Sennacherib, king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.Template:Citation needed
• 682 BC—Ripunjaya, the last king of the Brihadratha dynasty, is assassinated by his minister Punika, who puts his son Pradyota on throne.
• 681 BC—King Sennacherib of Assyria is assassinated by one or two of his sons in the temple of the god Ninurta at Kalhu (Northern Mesopotamia) after a 24-year reign in which he defeated the Babylonians, made Nineveh (modern Iraq) a showplace, and diverted the waters of the Tigris River into a huge aqueduct to supply the city with irrigation.
• 681 BC—Sennacherib's second wife, Naqi'a (Zakitu), uses her wiles and influences to have the imperial council appoint her son Esarhaddon as her husband's successor in preference to the young man's two older brothers, who flee to Urartu (Armenia). Esarhaddon, unlike his father, is friendly toward Babylon and orders her reconstruction.
• 681 BC—Xi of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou Dynasty (China).
• 680 BC—Esarhaddon succeeds Sennacherib as king of Assyria.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• 680 BC—Greece's games of the 25th Olympiad is held at Olympia with the first equestrian event.<ref>Template:Cite web "Four-horse chariot"</ref> A four-horse chariot race is run at the nearby hippodrome, slaves driving the chariots in a fierce competition that not infrequently ends in death. Thalpis of Laconia wins the stadion race at the 25th Olympic Games.<ref name="attalus.org"/>
• 680 BC—A meteorite hits the Estonian island of Saaremaa, forming the Kaali crater (approximate date).

Births

• 685 BC—Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria (d. c. 627 BC)
• 680 BC—Birth of Archilochus, Greek lyric poet (approximate date)

Deaths

• 689 BC—Mushezib-Marduk, king of Babylon
• 687 BC—Hezekiah, king of Judah, either this year or next<ref name=Alb/><ref name=reign/> or about a decade earlier.<ref name=Gersh/>
• 686 BC—Duke Xiang of Qi, ruler of the state of Qi
• 686 BC—Hezekiah, king of Judah, either this year or the previous<ref name=Alb>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=reign>The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). Template:ISBN, p. 217.</ref> or about a decade earlier.<ref name=Gersh>Template:Cite book</ref>
• 682 BC—King Zhuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou dynasty of China.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• 681 BC—Sennacherib, king of Assyria