Arthur James (politician)

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Early life and career

The oldest of eight children, Arthur James was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania, to James D. James, a mine foreman, and Rachel (née Edwards) James, a schoolteacher. Both parents were Welsh immigrants.<ref name=governors>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=beers>Template:Cite book</ref> As a child, he worked as a breaker boy and mule driver in the coal mines of northeastern Pennsylvania.<ref name=history>Template:Cite news</ref> His mother died while he was still in grammar school, after which his father tutored him and his siblings.<ref name=state>Template:Cite news</ref>

After graduating from Plymouth High School in 1901, James studied at Dickinson Law School in Carlisle.<ref name=governors/> where he was a member of the varsity basketball team. To help pay for his education he continued to work as a mule driver in the Plymouth mines during his summer vacations.<ref name=history/> In 1904, he earned his law degree, was admitted to the Luzerne County bar,<ref name=state/> and began to practice law, first at Plymouth, and later at Wilkes-Barre.<ref name=state/>

In 1912, he married Ada Morris. They had one son, Arthur H. James Jr., who died at the age of 20, and one daughter, Dorothy James,<ref name=state/> who studied theater at Syracuse University until the death of her mother in 1935, when she left to keep house for her father, and to act as Pennsylvania's First Lady after he became the state's governor in 1939.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

From 1920 to 1926, he served as district attorney of Luzerne County.<ref name=history/> In 1926, James was elected Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania after defeating his Democratic opponent, former state Senator W. Clayton Hackett, by 761,619 votes.<ref name=beers/> After serving one term under Governor John S. Fisher, he was elected as a judge of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania, serving from 1932 to 1939.<ref name=governors/>

Governor of Pennsylvania

In 1938, incumbent Democratic Governor George H. Earle unsuccessfully challenged Republican James J. Davis for a seat in the United States Senate. James entered the race to succeed Earle as governor, campaigning to reduce taxes, balance the budget, make the state more attractive to businesses, and end political corruption.<ref name=history/> A strong opponent of Governor Earle's "Little New Deal," he promised to "make a bonfire of all the laws passed by the 1937 legislature."<ref name=state/> In the Republican primary, he defeated former Governor Gifford Pinchot, whom James claimed would sell the Republican Party "down the New Deal river," by a margin of 486,000 votes.<ref name=history/> He was elected the 31st Governor of Pennsylvania in the general election, defeating Democrat Charles Alvin Jones by more than 279,000 votes.<ref name=state/> He received more votes than any previous gubernatorial candidate in Pennsylvania.<ref name=history/>

During his tenure as governor, James created the state Department of Commerce and the Anthracite Emergency Commission, extended the Pennsylvania Turnpike, signed a bill banning sit-down strikes, strengthened the civil service, and reinforced liquor control laws.<ref name=governors/> He also turned the state's $58 million deficit into a $75 million surplus.<ref name=beers/> During the early part of World War II, he established the State Council of Defense and the Selective Service Board and later created the Pennsylvania Reserve Defense Corps and the Citizens' Defense Corps for homeland defense.<ref name=history/> At the 1940 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, he was nominated for President of the United States by Joseph N. Pew Jr.<ref name=beers/> He lasted for all six ballots, and endorsed the eventual winner, Wendell Willkie.<ref name=governors/>

Later life and death

In 1941, while still governor, James married Emily Radcliffe Case (1893–1984), a widow, and in 1943, when his term as governor ended, they returned to Plymouth where James resumed his law practice.<ref name=state/> In 1944, Governor Edward Martin appointed James to fill a vacancy on the Superior Court, on which he had previously served,<ref name=history/> but that same year he was defeated in a reelection bid to remain on the court, losing to Democrat F. Clair Ross.<ref name=governors/>

James died on April 27, 1973, at the age of 89, and is buried in Hanover Green Cemetery, Hanover Township, Pennsylvania.<ref name=governors/>

See also

• Plymouth, Pennsylvania

External links

• Template:Find a Grave