Budō
Template:More citations needed Template:Italic title Template:Short description Template:Infobox martial art term Template:Nihongo is a Japanese term describing modern Japanese martial arts.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It is commonly translated as "Martial Way", or the "Way of Martial Arts".
Etymology
{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is a compound of the root {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Template:Langx), meaning "war" or "martial"; and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), incorporating the character above for head and below for foot, meaning the unification of mind and body "path" or "way"<ref name=Sanchez-2013>Template:Cite book</ref> (including the ancient Indic Dharmic and Buddhist conception of "path", or Template:Langx in Sanskrit<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>). {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the idea of formulating propositions, subjecting them to philosophical critique and then following a "path" to realize them.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} signifies a "way of life". {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in the Japanese context is an experiential term in the sense that practice (the way of life) is the norm to verify the validity of the discipline cultivated through a given art form. Modern {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has no external enemy, only the internal one: the ego that must be fought.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Similarly to {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is a compound of the roots Template:Nihongo3 and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), meaning technique.<ref>Henshall, Kenneth G. (1998), A Guide to Remembering Japanese Characters, p. 220 (Tuttle).</ref> Thus, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is translated as "martial way",<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> or "the way of war" while {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is translated as "science of war" or "martial craft". However, both {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} are used interchangeably in English with the term "martial arts". {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} have quite a delicate difference: whereas {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} only gives attention to the physical part of fighting (how to best defeat an enemy), {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} also gives attention to the mind and how one should develop oneself.Template:Cn
The first significant occurrences of the word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} date back to the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (16th century) when it was used to describe the samurai lifestyle rather than the practice of martial techniques. The word was later re-theorized and redefined to the definition we know today, first by Nishikubo Hiromichi and the Dai Nippon Butokukai when the name of their vocational school for martial arts was changed from {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} to {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; and later by Kanō Jigorō, judo's founder, when he chose to name his art judo instead of jujutsu.<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite AV mediaTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
Typical budo styles
{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Template:See also In modern history usage, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} translates as martial art, military science, or military strategy depending on context, and is typified by its practical application of technique to real-world or battlefield situations. {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning martial way, has a more philosophical emphasis, but in actual usage, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is considered the general term for all martial arts in Japan.
Civilian vs. military
ManyTemplate:Weasel inline consider {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} a more civilian form of martial arts, as an interpretation or evolution of the older {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which they categorize as a more militaristic style or strategy. According to this distinction, the modern civilian art de-emphasizes practicality and effectiveness in favor of personal development from a fitness or spiritual perspective. The difference is between the more "civilian" versus "military" aspects of combat and personal development. They see {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} as representing a particular strategy or philosophy regarding combat systems, but still, the terms are rather loosely applied and often interchangeable.
Art vs. lifestyle
One view is that a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the martial art one practices, whereas a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the lifestyle one lives and the path one walks by practicing a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. For example, one could say that judo and jujutsu practised as a martial art are one and the same, meaning that the practice of the art jujutsu leads to obtaining the lifestyle of judo. (Judo was originally known as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, after judo's founder Kanō Jigorō.) That would also be true for arts such as kenjutsu/kendo and iaijutsu/iaido.
Recreational sport
{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was featured in the Summer Olympic Games demonstration programme in 1964.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>