Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport

Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport Template:Airport codes is a public international airport located in Boone County, Kentucky, United States, near the community of Hebron. It is the primary commercial airport for Cincinnati, Ohio and the tri-state area. The airport's code, CVG, is derived from the nearest city at the time of the airport's opening, Covington, Kentucky. The airport covers an area of Template:Convert.<ref name=FAA>Template:FAA-airport Effective April 17, 2025.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web FAA data effective April 17, 2025.</ref> It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2023–2027, in which it is categorized as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility.<ref name="NPIAS Airports">Template:Cite web</ref>

Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport offers nonstop passenger service to over 50 destinations in North America and Europe,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> handling numerous domestic and international cargo flights every day.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The airport is a cargo global hub for Amazon Air, Atlas Air, ABX Air, Kalitta Air, and DHL Aviation. The airport is currently the 5th busiest airport in the United States by cargo traffic and 12th largest in the world. CVG is the fastest-growing cargo airport in North America.<ref name="bts">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

History

Beginnings

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration approved preliminary funds for site development of the Greater Cincinnati Airport on February 11, 1942. This was part of the United States Army Air Corps program to establish training facilities during World War II. At the time, air traffic in the area centered on Lunken Airport just southeast of central Cincinnati.<ref name="detailed">Template:Cite web</ref> Lunken opened in 1926 in the Ohio River Valley; it frequently experienced fog, and the 1937 flood submerged its runways and two-story terminal building.<ref name="Stulz">Template:Cite web</ref> Federal officials wanted an airfield site that would not be prone to flooding, but Cincinnati officials hoped to build Lunken into the region's main airport.<ref name="flood">Template:Cite news</ref>

Officials from Boone, Kenton, and Campbell counties in Kentucky took advantage of Cincinnati's short-sightedness and lobbied Congress to build an airfield there.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Boone County officials offered a suitable site on the provision that Kenton County paid the acquisition cost. In October 1942, Congress provided $2 million to build four runways.<ref name="detailed"/>

The field opened August 12, 1944, with the first B-17 bombers beginning practice runs on August 15. As the tide of the war had already turned, the Air Corps only used the field until it was declared surplus in 1945.<ref name="detailed"/> However, this was not before the first regularly scheduled air freight shipment in the United States arrived in mid-September, signalling the future importance of the airport.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On October 27, 1946, a small wooden terminal building opened and the airport prepared for commercial service under the name Greater Cincinnati Airport. Boone County Airlines was the first airline to provide scheduled service from the airport and had its headquarters at the airport.<ref name="detailed"/>Template:Efn

The first commercial flight, an American Airlines DC-3 from Cleveland, landed on January 10, 1947, at 9:53 am. A Delta Air Lines flight followed moments later.<ref name="DeBlasio">Template:Cite news</ref> The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 97 weekday departures: 37 American, 26 Delta, 24 TWA, 8 Piedmont, and 2 Lake Central. As late as November 1959 the airport had four Template:Convert runways at 45-degree angles, the north–south runway eventually being extended into today's runway 18C/36C.

In the 1950s Cincinnati city leaders began pushing for expansion of a site in Blue Ash to both compete with the Greater Cincinnati Airport and replace Lunken as the city's primary airport.<ref name="Cincinnati Gale">Template:Cite journal</ref> The city purchased Hugh Watson Field in 1955, turning it into Blue Ash Airport.<ref name="Enquirer Rose">Template:Cite news</ref> The city's Blue Ash plans were hampered by community opposition, three failed Hamilton County bond measures,<ref name="Enquirer renaissance">Template:Cite web</ref> political infighting,<ref name="Post Wessels">Template:Cite news</ref> and Cincinnati's decision not to participate in the federal airfield program.<ref name="History">Template:Cite web</ref>

Jet age

Main atrium

On December 16, 1960, the jet age arrived in Cincinnati when a Delta Air Lines Convair 880 from Miami completed the first scheduled jet flight. The airport needed to expand and build more modern terminals and other facilities; the original Terminal A was expanded and renovated. The north–south runway was extended from Template:Convert. In 1964, the board approved a $12 million bond to expand the south concourse of Terminal A by Template:Convert and provide nine gates for TWA, American, and Delta.<ref name="detailed"/> A new east–west runway crossing the longer north–south runway was constructed in 1971 south of the older east–west runway.

In 1977, before the Airline Deregulation Act was passed, CVG, like many small airports, anticipated the loss of numerous flights; creating the opportunity for Patrick Sowers, Robert Tranter, and David and Raymound Mueller to establish Comair to fill the void. The airline began service to Akron/Canton, Cleveland, and Evansville. In 1981, Comair became a public company, added 30-seat turboprops to its fleet, and began to rapidly expand its destinations. In 1984, Comair became a Delta Connection carrier with Delta's establishment of a hub at CVG. That same year, Comair introduced its first international flights from Cincinnati to Toronto. In 1992, Comair moved into Concourse C, as Delta Air Lines gradually continued to acquire more of the airline's stock. In 1993, Comair was the launch customer for the Canadair Regional Jet, of which it would later operate the largest fleet in the world. By 1999, Comair was the largest regional airline in the country worth over $2 billion, transporting 6 million passengers yearly to 83 destinations on 101 aircraft. Later that year, Delta Air Lines acquired the remaining portion of Comair's stock, causing Comair to solely operate Delta Connection flights.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1988, two founders of Comair, Patrick Sowers and Robert Tranter launched a new scheduled airline from CVG named Enterprise Airlines, which served 16 cities at its peak. The airline spearheaded the regional jet revolution in a unique manner by operating 10-seat Cessna Citation business jets in scheduled services. The flights became popular with Cincinnati companies. The airline served destinations including Baltimore, Boston, Cedar Rapids, Columbus (OH), Green Bay, Greensboro, Greenville, Hartford, Memphis, Milwaukee, New York–JFK, and Wilmington (NC).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The airline also became the first international feed carrier by feeding the British Airways Concorde at JFK. In 1991, the airline ceased operations because of high fuel prices and the suspension of the British Airways contract after the first Gulf War.

Delta Air Lines hub

Delta Air Lines Boeing 767-300ER heading to Paris in 2015

Concourse C in 2016

In the mid-1980s, Delta opened a hub in Cincinnati and constructed Terminals C and D with 22 gates. During the decade, Delta ramped up both mainline and Comair operations and established Delta Connection. Delta's continued growth at CVG then prompted them to spend $550 million to build their own terminal facility in the 1990s.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The new terminal, known then as Terminal 3, opened in 1994 and would largely replace Terminal D. Terminal 3 consisted of three airside concourses, with most of Terminal D's gate space being repurposed into Terminal 3's Concourse A while Concourses B and C were new construction. Concourses A and B were parallel concourses connected to Terminal 3's main building by an underground walkway which also included a people mover (a similar layout to Delta's main hub at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport). Concourse C was only accessible by shuttle buses and was a ground-level facility for regional aircraft used by Delta Connection (operated by Comair). After the opening of Terminal 3, the former Terminals B and C were renamed Terminals 1 and 2 respectively, which continued to house non-Delta airlines.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Aircraft operations dramatically increased from around 300,000 to 500,000 yearly aircraft movements. In turn, passenger volumes doubled within a decade from 10 million to over 20 million. This expansion prompted the building of runway 18L/36R and the airport began making preparations to construct Concourse D while adding an expansion to Concourse A and B.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

At its peak, CVG became Delta's second largest hub, handling over 600 flights daily in 2005.<ref name="Yamanouchi" /> It was the fourth largest hub in the world for a single airline, based on departures, ranking only behind Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, and Dallas/Fort Worth.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The hub served everything from a 64-mile flight to Dayton, to a daily nonstop to Honolulu and Anchorage, to transatlantic destinations including Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, London, Manchester, Munich, Paris, Rome, and Zürich.<ref name="Why">Template:Cite web</ref> Additionally, Air France operated flights into CVG for several periods for over a decade before finally terminating the service in 2007.<ref name="post">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="newswire">Template:Cite news</ref>

When Delta went into bankruptcy in September 2005, a large reduction at CVG eliminated most early-morning and night flights.<ref name="Why"/> These initial cuts caused additional routes to become unprofitable, causing the frequency of low-volume routes to be further cut from 2006 to 2007. Planning for the new east–west runway stopped, along with all expansions to current terminals; Terminal 1 was closed due to lack of service.<ref name="Yamanouchi" />

In 2008, Delta merged with Northwest Airlines and cut flight capacity from the Cincinnati hub by 22 percent with an additional 17 percent reduction in 2009.<ref name="Yamanouchi">Template:Cite news</ref> Concourse C, which had opened in 1994 at a cost of $50 million, was permanently closed in 2008 and demolished in 2016, since it was built for smaller regional jets which were going out of fashion, and it was not connected to the people mover system.<ref name="Williams">Template:Cite news</ref> Further reductions in early 2010 caused Delta to close Concourse A in Terminal 3 on May 1, consolidating all operations into Concourse B. This resulted in the layoff of more than 800 employees.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

By 2011, Delta was down to roughly 130 flights per day at CVG.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After several years of cuts to its older fleet, which were cited as being cut due to high costs associated with rising oil prices, Delta's wholly owned and CVG-based subsidiary, Comair, ceased all operations in September 2012, ending over three decades of operations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2017, the hub was downgraded to a focus city, which was eliminated in 2021.<ref name="DLKillsCVGFocusCity">Template:Cite web</ref>

Recent history

Concourse B ramp tower

Until 2015, CVG consistently ranked among the most expensive major airports in the United States.<ref name="Enquirer Coolidge">Template:Cite news</ref> Delta operated over 75% of flights at CVG, a fact often cited as a reason for relatively high domestic ticket prices.<ref name="Dispatch Rose">Template:Cite news</ref> Airline officials suggested that Delta was practicing predatory pricing to drive away discount airlines.<ref name="Enquirer Coolidge" /><ref name="Enquirer Barton">Template:Cite news</ref> From 1990 to 2003, ten discount airlines began service at CVG, but later pulled out,<ref name="Enquirer Pilcher">Template:Cite news</ref> including Vanguard Airlines, which pulled out of CVG twice.<ref name="Post Duke">Template:Cite news</ref> After Delta downsized its hub operations, low cost carriers began operations and have been sustained at the airport ever since.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Terminal 2 was closed in May 2012, and CVG re-opened and consolidated all non-Delta airlines to Concourse A in Terminal 3 at that time, which became the sole terminal.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Renovation and expansion of the ticketing/check-in area and Concourse A took place that year to accommodate the move.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Terminals 1 and 2 were torn down in early 2017 to construct an overnight parking and deicing area.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Both concourses, the customs facility, baggage claim, and ticketing areas were renovated in late 2017 to mid 2018 under a $4.5 million plan.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Master Plan Report">Template:Cite web</ref> In 2021, the airport opened a new rental car and ground transportation center adjacent to the main terminal.<ref name="CVGconrac">Template:Cite web</ref>

Facilities

Terminal

Underground walkway leading to Concourses A and B

The airport has one terminal and two concourses with a total of 51 gates.<ref name="CVGTerMap">Template:Cite web</ref> Both concourses are islands and are only accessible by an underground moving walkway and people mover.<ref name="StepbyStepCVG">Template:Cite web</ref> All international arrivals without pre-clearance are handled in Concourse B.<ref name="StepbyStepCVG" />

• Concourse A has 23 gates.<ref name="CVGTerMap" />
• Concourse B has 28 gates.<ref name="CVGTerMap" />

Interior view of Concourse B

Art

A Mastodon fossil at Concourse B

The current airport is home to 5 of 16 large Art Deco murals created for the train concourse building at Cincinnati Union Terminal during the station's construction in 1932. Mosaic murals depicting people at work in local Cincinnati workplaces were incorporated into the interior design of the railroad station by Winold Reiss, a German-born artist with a reputation in interior design. When the train concourse building was designated for demolition in 1972, a "Save the Terminal Committee" raised funds to remove and transport 14 of the murals in the concourse to new locations in the Airport. They were placed in Terminal 1, as well as Terminals 2 and 3, which were then being constructed as part of major airport expansion and renovation. When Terminals 1 and 2 were demolished, the murals in those areas were stored and the new Security Screening building was designed to accommodate the heavy weight of the murals with the eastern "store front" windows designed to be removable to permit the future installation of the murals. The murals were also featured in a scene in the film Rain Man starring Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise. In addition, a walkway to one of the terminals at CVG was featured in the scene in the film when Hoffman's character, Raymond, refused to fly on a plane. The nine murals located in the former Terminals 1 & 2 were relocated to the Duke Energy Convention Center in downtown Cincinnati, while five murals remain in Terminal 3 to this day.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Additionally, there are several pieces of Charley Harper artwork in the Concourse B food court.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Cargo hubs

A DHL Boeing 767-200 (N784AX) taxiing at CVG

In 1984, DHL opened its CVG hub and began operations throughout the world. For a five-year period beginning in 2004, DHL moved its hub to Wilmington Air Park in Wilmington, Ohio. In 2009, DHL reversed course and moved back to CVG to resume its original operations. CVG now serves as the largest of DHL's three global hubs (the other two being Leipzig/Halle and Hong Kong) with numerous flights each day to destinations across North America, Europe, Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific.Template:Citation needed DHL has completed a $105 million expansion and employs approximately 2,500 at CVG. Because of this growth, CVG stood as the 4th busiest airport in North America based on cargo tonnage and 34th in the world at the time.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Amazon Air Boeing 767-300 cargo aircraft at CVG, its primary cargo hub

On May 28, 2015, DHL announced a $108M expansion to its current facility, which doubled the current cargo operations. The money was used to double the gate capacity for transferring cargo, an expansion to the sorting facility, and various technical improvements, which was completed in Autumn 2016. In addition, this has provided many more jobs for the Cincinnati area, and will dramatically increase the airport's operations.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On January 31, 2017, Amazon announced that its new cargo airline, Amazon Air would pick CVG as its main worldwide shipping hub, following an investment of $1.49B in the construction and expansion of a cargo facility on the airport grounds.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The company used DHL's facilities prior to the construction of its new facility. The hub is Amazon's principal shipping hub and was constructed on Template:Cvt of land at the airport with a Template:Cvt sorting facility and parking positions for over 100 aircraft. On April 30, 2017, Amazon began operations at CVG with 75 Boeing 767-200ER/300ER aircraft based at the airport and planned to have 200 daily takeoffs and landings from its CVG hub to destinations across the U.S. and internationally.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The hub could create up to 15,000 jobs in the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> On August 11, 2021, Amazon debuted its new cargo hub at CVG. On May 28, 2024, Atlas announced that "Atlas Air has successfully reached an agreement to fully exit their Amazon CMI operations, which no longer aligned with our company plans. Separately, through Titan, we are pleased to extend the dry leasing portion of our relationship with Amazon."Template:Citation needed

Ground transportation

The TANK 2X bus provides direct service to Florence and downtown Cincinnati.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

CVG is served by Interstate 275 via exit 4.

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from CVG (December 2023 - November 2024)<ref name="bts"/>

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Template:Flagicon Atlanta, Georgia	414,000	Delta, Frontier
2	Template:Flagicon Orlando, Florida	263,000	Delta, Frontier, Southwest
3	Template:Flagicon Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	261,000	American, Frontier
4	Template:Flagicon Denver, Colorado	258,000	Allegiant, Delta, Frontier, Southwest, United
5	Template:Flagicon Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	233,000	American, United
6	Template:Flagicon Charlotte, North Carolina	199,000	American, Frontier
7	Template:Flagicon New York–LaGuardia, New York	155,000	American, Delta
8	Template:Flagicon Tampa, Florida	141,000	Delta, Frontier
9	Template:Flagicon Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota	138,000	Delta
10	Template:Flagicon Newark, New Jersey	130,000	Allegiant, Delta, United

Busiest cargo routes from CVG (January 2019)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rank	City	Cargo (pounds)	Carriers
1	Template:Flagicon Anchorage, Alaska	38,686,878	AirBridgeCargo, DHL
2	Template:Flagicon Leipzig/Halle, Germany	14,447,211	AirBridgeCargo, DHL
3	Template:Flagicon Miami, Florida	14,427,248	Amazon, American, DHL
4	Template:Flagicon Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	10,341,326	Amazon, American, Delta, DHL, United
5	Template:Flagicon Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	8,819,609	Amazon, American, Delta, DHL
6	Template:Flagicon Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona	8,431,588	Amazon, Delta, DHL
7	Template:Flagicon Brussels, Belgium	8,223,096	AirBridgeCargo, DHL
8	Template:Flagicon Guadalajara, Mexico	7,990,928	AeroUnion, Cargojet, DHL
9	Template:Flagicon Houston, Texas	7,066,885	Amazon, Delta, DHL, United

Airline market share

Largest airlines at CVG
(May 2024 - April 2025)<ref name="transtats.bts.gov">Template:Cite web</ref>

Rank	Airline	Passengers	Share
1	Delta Air Lines	2,022,000	23.36%
2	Frontier Airlines	1,310,000	15.14%
3	Allegiant Air	955,000	10.90%
4	American Airlines	806,000	9.31%
5	Endeavor Air	782,000	9.03%

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at CVG
1992–present<ref name="2025 Master">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Year	Passengers	Year	Passengers	Year	Passengers	Year	Passengers
1992	11,545,682	2002	20,812,642	2012	6,038,817	2022	7,573,416
1993	12,213,874	2003	21,197,447	2013	5,718,255	2023	8,718,443
1994	13,593,522	2004	22,062,557	2014	5,908,711	2024	9,212,348
1995	15,181,728	2005	22,778,785	2015	6,316,332	2025	4,416,724 YTD
1996	18,795,766	2006	16,244,962	2016	6,773,905	2026
1997	19,866,308	2007	15,736,220	2017	7,842,149	2027
1998	21,124,216	2008	13,630,443	2018	8,865,568	2028
1999	21,753,512	2009	10,621,655	2019	9,103,554	2029
2000	22,406,384	2010	7,977,588	2020	3,615,139	2030
2001	17,270,475	2011	7,034,263	2021	6,282,253	2031

Accidents and incidents

• On January 12, 1955, 1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, a Martin 2-0-2 was in the take off phase of departure from the airport when it collided with a privately owned Castleton Farm DC-3. The mid-air collision killed 13 people on the commercial airliner and two on the privately owned plane.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On November 14, 1961, Zantop cargo flight, a DC-4, crashed near runway 18 into an apple orchard. The crew survived.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On November 8, 1965, American Airlines Flight 383, a Boeing 727, crashed on approach to runway 18C, killing 58 (53 passengers and five crew) of the 62 (56 passengers and six crew) on board.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On November 6, 1967, TWA Flight 159, a Boeing 707, overran the runway during an aborted takeoff, injuring 11 of the 29 passengers. One of the injured passengers died four days later. The seven crew members were unhurt.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On November 20, 1967, TWA Flight 128, a Convair 880, crashed on approach to runway 18, killing 70 (65 passengers and five crew) of the 82 persons aboard (75 passengers and seven crew).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On October 8, 1979, Comair Flight 444, a Piper Navajo, crashed shortly after takeoff. Seven passengers and the pilot were killed.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On October 19, 1979, Burlington Airways, a Beechcraft Model 18 crash landed on KY 237 at the I-275 bridge overpass. There were no injures.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On June 2, 1983, Air Canada Flight 797, a DC-9 flying on the Dallas-Toronto-Montreal route, made an emergency landing at Cincinnati due to a cabin fire. 23 of the 41 passengers died of smoke inhalation or fire burns, including folk singer Stan Rogers. All five crew members survived.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• On August 13, 2004, Air Tahoma Flight 185, a Convair 580, was en route to Cincinnati from Memphis, Tennessee, carrying freight under contract for DHL Worldwide Express. The aircraft crashed on a golf course just south of the Cincinnati airport due to fuel starvation and dual engine failure, killing the first officer and injuring the captain.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• Ohio World War II Army Airfields
• Kentucky World War II Army Airfields
• Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport
• Cincinnati–Blue Ash Airport
• Cincinnati West Airport

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• Historical Images of Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky Airport
• History of the Industrial Murals Template:Webarchive
• Mural images and location map
• Template:FAA-diagram
• Template:FAA-procedures