Eternity

Eternity, also forever Template:Efn, in common parlance, is an infinite amount of time that never ends or the quality, condition or fact of being everlasting or eternal.<ref>Template:Cite OED</ref> Classical philosophy, however, defines eternity as what is timeless or exists outside time, whereas sempiternity corresponds to infinite duration.

Philosophy

Classical period (8th-7th century BC Template:Efn - 5th-9th century AD) Template:Efn Plato (c. 428–423 BC - 348/347 BC) described time as the moving image of eternity in Timaeus (37 <ref>Template:Cite book</ref> D <ref>Template:Cite web</ref>). Aristotle (384–322 BC) suggested the celestial realm was eternal (in Book I of On the Heavens) <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and an eternal world (in Physics) <ref>Template:Cite web Template:Web archive</ref> in regard to both past and future eternal duration. The thought of Classical period Augustine, as exists in Book XI of the Confessions, and Boethius (c. 480–524 AD), in Book V of the Consolation of Philosophy were adopted as the reality of the subject for later thinkers in the western tradition of philosophy and in theology.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Classical philosophy defines eternity as what exists outside time, as in describing timeless supernatural beings and forces, distinguished from sempiternity which corresponds to infinite time, as described in requiem prayers for the dead.Template:Which Boethius defined eternity as "simultaneously full and perfect possession of interminable life".Template:SfnpTemplate:Efn

Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225 – 1274) believed in an eternal God, without either a beginning or end; the concept of eternity is of divine simplicity, thus incapable of being defined or fully understood by humankind.Template:Sfnp Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and many others in the Age of Enlightenment drew on the classical distinction to put forward metaphysical hypotheses such as "eternity is a permanent now".Template:Sfnp

Contemporary philosophy and physics

Today cosmologists, philosophers, and others look towards analyses of the concept from across cultures and history. They debate, among other things, whether an absolute concept of eternity has real application for fundamental laws of physics; compare the issue of entropy as an arrow of time.

Religion

Eternity as infinite duration is an important concept in many lives and religions. God or gods are often said to endure eternally, or exist for all time, forever, without beginning or end. Religious views of an afterlife may speak of it in terms of eternity or eternal life.Template:Efn Christian theologians may regard immutability, like the eternal Platonic forms, as essential to eternity.Template:SfnpTemplate:Efn

Symbolism

Eternity is often symbolized by the endless snake, swallowing its own tail, the ouroboros. The circle, band, or ring is also commonly used as a symbol for eternity, as is the mathematical symbol of infinity, <math>\infty</math>. Symbolically these are reminders that eternity has no beginning or end.

References

Works cited

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Further reading

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External links

• Entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Eternity.
• Entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the relationship between God and Time.