This file is in the public domain because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain for the following reason:

Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse

This file is now in the public domain in the Republic of China (Taiwan) because its term of copyright has expired there. According to articles 30 to 34 of the copyright laws of R.O.C., under the jurisdiction of the Government of R.O.C. all non-photographic works enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator (there being multiple creators, the creator who dies last) or 50 years after publication for anonymous or pseudonymous authors or for works whose copyright holder is an organization; photographic works enter the public domain 50 years after the public release. This work is in the public domain in the United States, because it was in the public domain in its home country (Taiwan) on the URAA date (January 1, 2002), and it wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications in the U.S.

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This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate {{PD-old}} tag instead. For usage, see Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag.

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Note: This tag applies to scans and photocopies only. For photographs of public domain originals taken from afar, {{PD-Art}} may be applicable. See Commons:When to use the PD-Art tag.