Upload of August 2011: Qin, Xiaoyi [editor] (1995). Songdai shuhua ceye mingpin tezhan - Famous Album Leaves of the Sung Dynasty. Taipei: Guoli gugong bowuyuan pianzhuan weiyuanhui. p. 222. Cited in: Ebrey, Patricia Buckley et al. Bamboo, Plum, and Other Plants. A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization (online reference work).
Upload of April 2018: Not given.
Upload of May 2024: Cropped from image downloaded at 墨林拔萃 冊 宋趙孟堅歲寒三友圖. 故宮典藏資料檢索. Taipei: National Palace Museum.
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Captions
In China, the pine was one of the “three friends of winter,” together with bamboo and the plum. Its evergreen nature rendered it a symbol of moral integrity in Confucian and Daoist thought.