File:World heads of state in 1889.jpg

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Summary

Description
English: "The World's Sovereigns". A photomontage made in Europe in 1889 with the main heads of state in the world. From left to right: Yohannes IV of Ethiopia, Tewfik Pasha of Egypt, Sultan Abdülhamit II of the Ottoman Empire, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar of Persia, Christian IX of Denmark, Luís I of Portugal, William III of the Netherlands, Pedro II of Brazil, Milan Obrenović IV of Serbia, Leopold II of Belgium, Alexander III of Russia, Wilhelm I, German Emperor (deceased 1888), Franz Joseph I of Austria, Victoria of the United Kingdom, Jules Grévy of France (left office 1887), Pope Leo XIII, Emperor Meiji of Japan, Guangxu Emperor of China (not confirmed), Umberto I of Italy, Alfonso XII of Spain (deceased 1885), Oscar II of Sweden and Chester A. Arthur of the United States (left office 1885, deceased 1886). Three of the photographers, who provided (willingly or not) photographic-material for the photomontage, are identified: Photo of Abdul Hamid II. by W. & D. Downey, London https://www.liberaldictionary.com/abdul-hamid-ii/ (File used in picture is bottom-left). Franz-Joseph I.`s photo comes from Ferenc Kosmata https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doctor_Kozmata_Portrait_of_Franz_Joseph_I_1872.jpg, photographed in Schloss Schönbrunn. Umberto I. was photographed by Stereoscopic Coy. London Due to the fact, that Queen Victoria had been photographed by both, W&D Downey and Stereoscopic Coy., it is likely, that her photo comes from one of these sources.
Français : "Les souverains du monde". Une photomontage fabriquée en Europe en 1889 avec les chefs d'État principaux du monde. De gauche à droite : Yohannes IV (empereur d'Éthiopie), Tawfiq Pacha (khédive d'Égypte), Abdülhamid II (sultan de l'Empire ottoman), Nassereddine Shah (chah de Perse), Christian IX (roi du Danemark), Louis Ier (roi de Portugal), Guillaume III (roi des Pays-Bas), Pierre II (empereur du Brésil), Milan Obrenović IV (roi de Serbie), Léopold II (roi des Belges), Alexandre III (empereur de Russie), Guillaume Ier (empereur d'Allemagne ; mort en 1888), François-Joseph Ier (empereur d'Autriche et roi de Hongrie), Victoria (reine du Royaume-Uni et impératrice des Indes), Jules Grévy (président de France ; démissionne en 1887), Léon XIII (pape), Meiji (empereur du Japon), Guangxu (empereur de Chine ; pas confirmé), Humbert Ier (roi d'Italie), Alphonse XII (roi d'Espagne ; mort en 1885), Oscar II (roi de Suède et Norvège) et Chester A. Arthur (président des États-Unis ; prend sa retraite en 1885, mort en 1886).
Română: Fotomontaj din anul 1889 prezentând mai mulți șefi de stat ai timpului.
De la stânga la dreapta, Yohannes al IV-lea (Împărat al Etiopiei), Tevfik Paşa (Kedivatul Egiptului), Abdul-Hamid al II-lea (Sultan otoman), Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Padișah), Christian al IX-lea (Rege al Danemarcei), Luís I (Rege al Portugaliei), Willem al III-lea (Rege al Țărilor de Jos), Pedro al II-lea (Împărat al Braziliei), Milan I (Rege al Serbiei), Leopold al II-lea (Rege al Belgiei), Alexandru al III-lea (Împărat al Rusiei), Wilhelm I (Împărat german și Rege al Prusiei), Franz Joseph (Împărat al Austriei și Rege al Ungariei), Victoria (Regină a Regatului Unit și Împărăteasă a Indiei), Jules Grévy (Președintele Republicii Franceze), Leon al XIII-lea (Papă), Meiji (Împărat al Japoniei), Guangxu (Împărat al Chinei), Umberto I (Rege al Italiei), Alfonso al XII-lea (Rege al Spaniei), Oscar al II-lea (Rege al Suediei și al Norvegiei) and Chester A. Arthur (Președinte al Statelor Unite).
Date
Source Calmon, Pedro. História de D. Pedro II. 5 v. Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio, 1975.
Author Unknown authorUnknown author

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