George Emil Palade

George Emil Palade Template:Post-nominals (Template:IPA; November 19, 1912 – October 7, 2008) was a Romanian-American cell biologist.<ref name="The Independent">Template:Cite news Archived. (Internet Archive copy)</ref> In 1974 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve. The prize was granted for his innovations in electron microscopy and cell fractionation which together laid the foundations of modern molecular cell biology,<ref name="The Independent" /> the most notable discovery being the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum – which he first described in 1955.<ref name="Farquhar">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Pollack, Andrew (October 9, 2008) George Palade, Nobel Winner for Work Inspiring Modern Cell Biology, Dies at 95. The New York Times</ref><ref>Template:Nobelprize</ref><ref name=tribute>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Palade also received the U.S. National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences for "pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells" in 1986, and was previously elected a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1961. In 1968 he was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society (HonFRMS)<ref name="RMS1">Template:Cite web</ref> and in 1984 he became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS).<ref name=formemrs/>

Education and early life

George Emil Palade was born on November 19, 1912, in Iași, Romania. Palade's father was a professor of philosophy at the University of Iași and his mother was a high school teacher. Palade received his M.D. in 1940 from the Carol Davila School of Medicine in Bucharest.

Career and research

Palade on a 2016 Romanian stamp

Palade was a member of the faculty at University of Bucharest until 1946, when he went to the United States<ref name="nobelprize.org"/> to do postdoctoral research. While assisting Robert Chambers in the Biology Laboratory of New York University, he met Professor Albert Claude.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He later joined Claude at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.<ref name="nobelprize.org">Template:Cite web</ref>

In 1952, Palade became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He worked at the Rockefeller Institute (1958–1973), and was a professor at Yale University Medical School (1973–1990), and University of California, San Diego (1990–2008). At UCSD, Palade was Professor of Medicine in Residence (Emeritus) in the Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, as well as a Dean for Scientific Affairs (Emeritus), in the School of Medicine at La Jolla, California.<ref>Professor George E. Palade – web page at the University of California at San Diego, School of medicine Template:Webarchive</ref>

In 1970, he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University, together with Renato Dulbecco (winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) "for discoveries concerning the functional organization of the cell that were seminal events in the development of modern cell biology",<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> related to his previous research carried out at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.<ref>Nobel Laureates Affiliated with The Rockefeller University. rockefeller.edu</ref> His Nobel lecture, delivered on December 12, 1974, was entitled: "Intracellular Aspects of the Process of Protein Secretion",<ref name="Nobel lecture">Template:Cite web</ref> published in 1992 by the Nobel Prize Foundation,<ref>The Nobel Prize Lecture of George E. Palade (Pdf 3.78 MB), (1974) The Nobel Foundation, Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Nobel Lectures in Physiology or Medicine Template:Webarchive</ref> He was elected an Honorary member of the Romanian Academy in 1975. He received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1975.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1981, Palade became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 1985, he became the founding editor of the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology.<ref name="Spudich">Template:Cite journal</ref> In 1988 he was also elected an Honorary Member of the American-Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences (ARA).

Palade was the first Chairman of the Department of Cell Biology at Yale University. Presently, the Chair of Cell Biology at Yale is named the "George Palade Professorship".

At the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Palade used electron microscopy to study the internal organization of such cell structures as ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, the Golgi apparatus, and others. His most important discovery was made while using an experimental strategy known as a pulse-chase analysis. In the experiment Palade and his colleagues were able to confirm an existing hypothesis that a secretory pathway exists and that the Rough ER and the Golgi apparatus function together.<ref name="Farquhar"/>

He focused on Weibel-Palade bodies (a storage organelle unique to the endothelium, containing von Willebrand factor and various proteins) which he described together with the Swiss anatomist Ewald R. Weibel.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

He was a member of the American Association for Anatomy.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Palade's coworkers and approach in the 1960s

The following is a concise excerpt from Palade's Autobiography appearing in the Nobel Award documents<ref name="nobelprize.org"/>

One notes also that the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 2009 to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, and Ada E. Yonath "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome", discovered by George Emil Palade.<ref>2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Foundation</ref>

Personal life

He married Irina Malaxa (born in 1919, the daughter of industrialist Nicolae Malaxa) on June 12, 1941. The couple had two children: Georgia (born in 1943) and Theodore (born in 1949).<ref name="CIA">Template:Cite web</ref> After his wife died in 1969, Palade married Marilyn Farquhar, a cell biologist at the University of California, San Diego.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Bibliography

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External links

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