Horace Harmon Lurton

Justice Lurton, bottom left, with his home in Nashville, his wife, center, and children

Horace Harmon Lurton (February 26, 1844 – July 12, 1914) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and previously was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and of the United States Circuit Courts for the Sixth Circuit.

Early life

Lurton was born on February 26, 1844, in Newport, Kentucky.<ref name="auto">Template:FJC Bio</ref> He attended the Old University of Chicago,Template:Notetag then received a Bachelor of Laws in 1867 from Cumberland School of Law (then part of Cumberland University, now part of Samford University).<ref name="auto"/>

He served in the Confederate States Army as a Sergeant Major with the 5th Tennessee Infantry at the age of 17, left for ill health, and later served as a private in the 2nd Kentucky Infantry and 3rd Kentucky Cavalry from 1862 to 1865.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref> He was twice captured by Union forces, the second time sent as a prisoner of war to Johnson's Island Prison Camp in Sandusky Bay, Ohio.<ref name=":0" /> He claimed he was later paroled by President Lincoln because of pleas for mercy from his mother but this was merely an anecdote he often repeated to dinner guests, according to historian Roger Long.Template:Citation needed Mr. Long explains in detail what the evidence shows in an article he wrote in the December 1994 edition of Civil War Times.Template:Citation needed According to Mr. Long, apparently he was paroled from Johnson's Island only when he signed the oath of allegiance, not because of any act of the president.Template:Citation needed Mr Long's article includes interesting details about Lurton's service as well as possible reasons for the anecdote he was so fond of repeating.Template:Citation needed

He entered private practice in Clarksville, Tennessee from 1867 to 1875.<ref name="auto"/> He was Chancellor for the Tennessee Chancery Court for the Sixth Judicial District from 1875 to 1878.<ref name="auto"/> He resumed private practice in Clarksville from 1878 to 1886.<ref name="auto"/> He was a justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1886 to 1893.<ref name="auto"/>

U.S. Circuit Court

Lurton was nominated by President Grover Cleveland on March 22, 1893, to a joint seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and the United States Circuit Courts for the Sixth Circuit vacated by Judge Howell Edmunds Jackson.<ref name="auto"/> He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 27, 1893, and received his commission the same day.<ref name="auto"/> His service terminated on December 20, 1909, due to his elevation to the Supreme Court.<ref name="auto"/>

Concurrent with his service on the Sixth Circuit, Lurton served as Dean of the law department of Vanderbilt University from 1905 to 1909.<ref name="auto"/>

U.S. Supreme Court

On December 13, 1909, President William Howard Taft nominated Lurton as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court,<ref name=RL33225>Template:Cite report</ref> to succeed Rufus W. Peckham. He was confirmed by the Senate on December 20, 1909,<ref name=RL33225/> and was sworn into office on January 3, 1910.<ref name=SCOTUSjustices/> At 65 years old at the time of his initial appointment in 1909, he was the oldest associate justice ever by initial appointment.

He was Circuit Justice for the Second Circuit from January 10, 1910, until January 8, 1911, Circuit Justice for the Third Circuit from January 9, 1911, until March 17, 1912, and Circuit Justice for the Seventh Circuit from March 18, 1912, until July 12, 1914.<ref name="auto"/> His service terminated on July 12, 1914, due to his death in Atlantic City, New Jersey.<ref name="auto"/>

Lurton sided most frequently on the court with Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a progressive Supreme Court justice. The most notable opinion he authored was probably the opinion of the Court in Coyle v. Smith, 221 U.S. 559 (1911), which held that the federal government could not tell a state where to locate its capital, as all states must be on "equal footing."Template:Citation needed

Death

Lurton's tenure on the Court was brief, as he served only four years before dying in Atlantic City, New Jersey of a heart attack on July 12, 1914. He is buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Clarksville, Tennessee.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>

Legacy and honors

During World War II the Liberty ship Template:SS was built in Brunswick, Georgia, and named in his honor.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

See also

• List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

Further reading

• Irons, Peter. A People's History of the Supreme Court, p. 260. Penguin Books, 2000. Peter Irons wrote critically of Lurton's lack of impact on American Constitutional Law, even though Lurton only served on the High Court for four years before his death.

External links

• Template:FJC Bio
• Template:Find a Grave