Ipswich, Queensland

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Ipswich (Template:IPAc-en) is an urban centre<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> within the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre.<ref name="Ipswich.qld.gov">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The suburb of the same name serves as the city's central business district.<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref> In the Template:CensusAU, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.<ref name=Census2021/>

History

Early history

Ipswich was tribally known as Coodjirar in the Yugararpul language.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Known as the Ugarapul and Yuggerabul people are Australian Aboriginal languages of South-East Queensland.Ipswich City Council, Lockyer Regional Council and the Somerset Regional Council.<ref>Template:Cite SLQ-CC-BY</ref><ref>Template:Cite SLQ-CC-BY</ref> The languages of Greater Brisbane are related – there is uncertainty over which dialects belong to which language. The Yugarabul language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Brisbane City Council, Ipswich City Council and the Scenic Rim Regional Council.<ref>Template:Cite SLQ-CC-BY</ref>

Prior to the arrival of European settlers, what is now called Ipswich was home to one indigenous language groups, including the Warpai tribe,<ref>Tom Petrie's Reminiscences of Early Queensland. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 1992. p. 102. Template:ISBN.</ref> Yuggera and Ugarapul Indigenous Australian groups.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The area was first explored by European colonists in 1826, when Captain Patrick Logan, Commandant of the Moreton Bay penal colony, sailed up the Brisbane River and discovered large deposits of limestone and other minerals.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Settlement

Waterfield; an early West Ipswich residence pictured in 1868

The town began in 1827 as a limestone mining settlement and grew rapidly as a major inland port. Ipswich was initially named "The Limestone Hills" and later shortened to "Limestone", however in 1843 it was renamed after the town of Ipswich in England.<ref name="ReferenceB">Template:Cite QPN</ref> The population was 932 in 1851 and had risen to 2459 by 1856.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It became a municipality in 1858. Ipswich had been a prime candidate for becoming the capital of Queensland from about 1847 when the Rev. John Dunmore Lang had toured both Ipswich and Brisbane, and noted the strength of Ipswich as a port town with access to the wool suppliers of the Darling Downs, but Brisbane was instead chosen due to its mercantile and colonial interests.<ref>Template:Cite QHR</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Brisbane was declared the capital of the new Crown Colony of Queensland in 1859. It was proclaimed a city in 1904.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The city became a major coal-mining area in the early 19th Century, contributing to the development of railways in the region as a means of transport. The first recorded coal mines in the central Ipswich area started at Woodend in 1848.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Triassic aged dinosaur footprints were found in underground coal mines in the vicinity of the suburbs of Ebbw Vale and New Chum<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> while large numbers of Jurassic aged dinosaur footprints have been reported from the suburb of Rosewood.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

A view of Ipswich in 1887

From the 1840s onward, Ipswich was becoming an important river port for growing local industries such as coal and wool from the Darling Downs and a regular paddlesteamer service from Brisbane Town, The Experiment, was established in 1846.<ref>The Steamer "Experiment" – The Moreton Bay Courier – 20 June 1846</ref> This, and other steamer services,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> remained the primary form of mass/bulk transport between the two cities until 1876, when the construction of the original Albert Bridge, spanning the Brisbane River at Indooroopilly, completed the railway line begun between Ipswich and Brisbane in 1873.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web

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Ipswich Railway Station in 1865

Ipswich was proclaimed a municipality on 3 March 1860 and became a city in 1904.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 26 May 1872, a Primitive Methodist Church opened in East Street.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

By April 1873 there were numerous churches in Ipswich: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Primitive Methodist, German Lutheran, and Wesleyan Methodist.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

A United Methodist Free Church opened in Brisbane Street in July 1873, having relocated from the "comparative obscurity" of North Ipswich.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In March 1888, 239 allotments of the "Liverpool Estate" were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock in conjunction with Arthur Martin & Co.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A map advertising the auction shows the proximity of the estate to the railway workshops and the Bremer River.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref>

Brisbane Street around the start of the 20th century

In June 1911, 26 building sites of "East Ipswich Station Estate" were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A map advertising the auction shows the location of the estate in proximity to the railway line.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref>

Ipswich Post Office

In 1914, 65 garden allotments were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons. The area was called the "Orangefield Estate". It was formerly an orchard of James Alexander Jackes, and the real estate map advertised that the estate was well stocked with fruit trees.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was reported in the Queensland Times that 20 allotments were sold. This article also listed the buyers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Unsold allotments were advertised in the Queensland Times.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1922, 12 allotments were advertised in the Queensland Times to be auctioned by Bacon & Co. Auctioneers in conjunction with H. J. Hargreaves & Co.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The area was called the "Whitehill Road Estate". A map advertising the auction shows the estate is across the road from the intersection of Whitehill Road and Griffith Road.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref> Both street names are still in use. By July 1922 the Queensland Times advertised that only six allotments were left.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 1925, several allotments in the "Fiveways Estate" at East Ipswich were advertised to be auctioned by Jackson & Meyers in conjunction with Bacon & Co.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A map advertising the auction states that the lots were ideal for residential sites, convenient to the East Ipswich Railway Station and water, gas and electric light was available.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref>

In 1928, 211 allotments were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons and W. B. Parkinson. The area was called the "Cribb Estate" and on the estate map it was noted that it was on the eastern slopes of Limestone Hill.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref> The auction was advertised in the Queensland Times<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and it was also noted in the notes of the Council Meeting published in the Queensland Times that approval had been granted to gravel new roads in the estate before it was sold.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was reported in the Queensland Times that 40 allotments sold on the day of auction and some of the buyers were listed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By the end of 1928 it was reported in the Queensland Times that another 20 allotments had been sold.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1930, the Abermain Estate, Tivoli, was advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The estate map noted that the area comprised the Abermain Colliery containing 1295 acres and farms.<ref>Template:Cite archive</ref> It was reported in the Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs Gazette, and The Brisbane Courier, that there was no bid for the coal mine but some farms had sold on the day of auction and some of the buyers were listed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It was also reported later in the Brisbane Courier of further items sold.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Royal visits

Several members of the British royal family have visited Ipswich.

1868 – Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":0" />

1920 – Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII)<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1927 – Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth)<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1958 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1962 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone<ref name=":0" />

2011 – Prince William (later Duke of Cambridge)<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2014 – Duke and Duchess of Cambridge<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Floods

Damaging floods have occurred on numerous occasions in Ipswich, the largest being the 1893 Brisbane flood peaking at Template:Convert, and more recently during the 1974 Brisbane Flood, (peaking at Template:Convert) and 2010–11 Queensland floods (peaking at Template:Convert) on 12 January 2011.

1893

Around 35 people died in the floods in the 1893 Brisbane flood. The Brisbane River burst its banks on three occasions in February of that year and a fourth event several months later. Seven workers were killed at a colliery in north Ipswich as the Bremer River broke its banks.<ref name="aufl">Template:Cite news</ref>

1974

Fourteen people died in flooding in January 1974, during the Australia Day weekend. Two people were killed in Ipswich.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> About 1,800 residential and commercial premises in Ipswich were flooded.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

2011

The Bremer River at Ipswich reached a height of Template:Convert on 12 January, inundating the central business district and thousands of houses. 38 people died as a result of the floods. At Minden, on the border of Ipswich City, a four-year-old boy was swept away by floodwaters when he fell from a rescue boat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A man in his fifties died when he accidentally drove into floodwaters in the Ipswich suburb of Wulkuraka.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The worst affected areas of Ipswich were the suburbs of Goodna and Gailes.<ref name="Chris Garry">Template:Cite news</ref> The flooding allowed bull sharks to reach the centre of Goodna; one was spotted swimming in Williams Street, and a second in Queen Street.<ref name="Chris Garry"/>

A multibillion-dollar class action lawsuit is underway against dam operators Seqwater, SunWater and the State of Queensland. Law firm Maurice Blackburn have lodged the suit on behalf of 5,500 Ipswich and Brisbane residents who lost their homes or businesses during the floods.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Modelling released in 2013 claimed flooding of Ipswich CBD would not have been as extreme if Wivenhoe Dam operators had operated the dam correctly.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Community facilities and groups

The Ipswich Central Library building opened in 1994.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Ipswich Historical Society was established in 1966 and is located at Cooneana Heritage Centre, 11041 Redbank Plains Rd, New Chum, Ipswich.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Ipswich branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 84 Limestone Street (Liberty Hall).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Climate

Ipswich experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters.

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Demographics

St Mary's Church

In the Template:CensusAU, the population of Inner Ipswich (which encompasses the urban area of Ipswich) was 115,913 people.<ref name=Census2021>Template:Census 2021 AUS</ref>

Economy

Brisbane Street, in the city centre

Ipswich was a major mining centre, particularly coal mining. The city is the 'cradle of coal mining in Queensland'.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other secondary manufacturing industries included earthenware works, sawmills, abattoirs and foundries, while the region is also rich agriculturally.

The Old Ipswich Town Hall and former Bank of Australasia building

Ipswich remains a strong manufacturing region, with more than 14% of workers employed in the manufacturing industry, compared to just 7.6% for regional Queensland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Extensive growth is predicted in Ipswich and the Western Corridor region in years to come, the economy is projected to be worth $12.7 billion by 2026.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Global giant General Electric moved its Queensland headquarters into a $72 million building in Springfield in 2015.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ipswich is the site of RAAF Base Amberley, the Royal Australian Air Force's largest operational base. It is currently home to No. 1 Squadron and No. 6 Squadron (operating the F/A-18F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler), No. 33 Squadron (operating the Airbus KC-30A) and No. 36 Squadron (operating the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III jet transport). In addition, a number of ground support units are located at Amberley.Template:Citation needed

Film production

In recent years, Ipswich has become a sought-after filming location. The 2013 movie The Railway Man was filmed around the city's railyards.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> Other major films, including San Andreas starring Dwayne Johnson, and Inspector Gadget 2 were filmed around the city. Several Australian films have also used Ipswich for shooting locations, including the 2016 movie Don't Tell<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Savages Crossing, The Settlement, The Tree, Mystery Road, 500 Miles and telemovies, Parer's War<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Mabo.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Australian TV legal drama Rise was also filmed at Borallon Correctional Centre.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Housing

The mansion at the Woodlands of Marburg, Ipswich, 2015

Ipswich is recognised for its important collection of historic buildings. Historic house types range from Early Colonial/Victorian (1850 onwards) to Queensland Bungalow (until 1935), with the city showcasing many markers and plaques outside heritage and historical locations.Template:Citation needed

The traditional Ipswich dwelling has always been a detached home on land, and is frequently portrayed in the paintings of d'Arcy Doyle, however this is changing as modern housing developments increase. The city is the fastest-growing area in South East Queensland (SEQ).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Two major developments, underway at Springfield and Ripley, will be central to housing this growth. The multibillion-dollar Greater Springfield development was awarded World's Best Master Planned Community 2010 and is designed to grow to an ultimate population of 85,000, with a projection of 105,000 total residents living in the area by 2030. Greater Springfield is positioned as the gateway to the western corridor of the south-east. At 2,860 hectares it is the largest master planned city in Australia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Robelle Domain Springfield Central Parklands

The Ripley Valley Development is master planned to be a model community for a projected population of 120,000 people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Infrastructure

Technology

In March 2016, Ipswich's digital innovation and startup hub, Fire Station 101, was officially launched. Owned by Ipswich City Developments and operated by Ipswich City Enterprises, Fire Station 101 will position the region as a leader of the digital economy. More than fifteen members had signed up prior to the opening. In 2015, Ipswich was named in the world's Top 7 most Intelligent Communities by the Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) in New York.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ipswich Technical College

Education

Ipswich is home to dozens of primary and secondary schools, including Ipswich Grammar School, which was the first high school in Queensland (established in 1863). Tertiary education facilities include University of Southern Queensland, which has campuses at Springfield and Ipswich. TAFE Queensland South West has a campus at Bundamba and another in Springfield.Template:Citation needed

Safety

Ipswich is home to the "Safe City" camera network, which commenced in 1994. More than 200 cameras are monitored all-hours from a facility situated within the CBD.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Ipswich City Council Safe City Monitoring Facility has hosted representatives of law enforcement agencies from the Netherlands, Taiwan, Great Britain and approximately twenty-five local authorities from across Australia to inspect the closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera monitoring system.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ipswich Hospital

Health

Ipswich Hospital is the major public hospital.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> St Andrew's Private Hospital and Mater Private Hospital Springfield are local private hospitals.Template:Citation needed

Transport

Ipswich has direct access to the Ipswich Motorway (linking to Brisbane); the Cunningham Highway (linking to Warwick); the Warrego Highway (linking to Toowoomba); the Logan Motorway and its connection to the Pacific Motorway (linking to Logan and the Gold Coast); and the Centenary Highway (linking Springfield and the Ripley Valley to Brisbane).Template:Citation needed

Ipswich railway station is a major hub for rail transport. The electrified rail line that extends east from Ipswich through Brisbane's western suburbs to the Brisbane CBD is known as the Ipswich Line. The Rosewood railway line, part of the first railway in Queensland, is also electrified and extends west through Ipswich's western suburbs to the town of Rosewood. Both lines are operated by Queensland Rail.Template:Citation needed

Ipswich Courthouse

Facilities

Ipswich City Council Building

Ipswich has more than 500 parks and conservation estates, including Nerima Gardens, which was designed in consultation with Ipswich's Japanese sister city, Nerima. In 2015, Orion Lagoon opened in Springfield Central.Template:Citation needed

Brookwater hosts the Brookwater Golf and Country Club. The par 72 golf course, designed by Greg Norman, measures 6,505 metres and has been voted as Queensland's number one golf course in Golf Australia magazine's best 50 courses.Template:Citation needed

The Ipswich Council operates a public library and a separate children's library in the $250 million Nicolas Street Precinct 2017 upgrade located in the heart of the Ipswich CBD.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sport

Springfield Central Stadium hosting the AFL Women's season seven Grand Final.

Ipswich has had a number of sporting successes at a state and national level.Template:Citation needed In 2022 the Brisbane Lions, one of just two Queensland clubs playing in the national Australian Football League (AFL) competition moved its headquarters to its new purpose-built Springfield Central Stadium, the stadium is now the home ground for the club's women's side playing in the AFLW, which played its first match in the a sell out AFLW Grand Final,<ref>AFLW: Tickets sell out to Brisbane v Melbourne grand final Template:Webarchive NEIL BREEN for 4BC882</ref> the highest level of women's competition. In 2015, the local rugby league club, Ipswich Jets, won their maiden Intrust Super Cup title and took the NRL State Championship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The win fuelled interest in a Western Corridor NRL bid.

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Events

Ipswich Show

The first Ipswich Annual Show was held on 2 April 1873 by the Queensland Pastoral and Agricultural Society. There had been shows staged by the Ipswich and West Moreton Horticultural and Agricultural Society as early as 1868. Originally held at the sale yards situated at Lobb St, Churchill, the show moved to its present home at the Ipswich Showgrounds in 1877.Template:Citation needed

Ipswich Jacaranda Trees at Goodna

Goodna Jacaranda Festival

This festival has been held annually at Goodna (Evan Marginson Sportsground) since 1968.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ipswich Festival

The Ipswich Festival is an annual multi-disciplinary festival. First staged in 1998, the program for the Ipswich Festival includes live bands, concerts, art exhibits, fireworks, theatre, jazz, multicultural celebrations, interactive displays and a range of family-based events to encourage participation by all age groups whilst attracting day tourism to the region.Template:Citation needed

The Ipswich Festival runs for two weeks at the end of April and beginning of May with the majority of events free.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Winternationals

The Fuchs Winternationals is an annual event, typically held around June at Willowbank Raceway, part of the Ipswich Motorsport Precinct. The four-day event is one of the largest drag racing festivals in the southern hemisphere and has drawn crowds of more than 40,000 people in previous years.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Notable people

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Sportspeople

  • Deborah Acason, represented Australia in weightlifting, Commonwealth Games (2006 Gold Medal, 2002 Silver Medal) and Olympics (2008 eighth place, 2004 twelfth place) Greg Ball, Paralympic cyclist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Entertainment, media and the arts

Politics and the law

Other

See also

References

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