Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox musical composition The Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183/173 dB, was written by the then 17-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in October 1773,<ref>Template:Cite book ISMN M-006-20466-3</ref> shortly after the success of his opera seria Lucio Silla. It was completed in Salzburg on 5 October, a mere two days after the completion of his Symphony No. 24. Its first movement was used as the opening music in Miloš Forman's biographical film Amadeus.

This is one of two symphonies Mozart composed in G minor, sometimes referred to as the "little G minor symphony". The other is the Symphony No. 40; see also Mozart and G minor.

Movements

The symphony is laid out in standard classical form:

1. Allegro con brio, Template:Music in G minor
2. Andante, Template:Music in E-flat major
3. Menuetto & Trio, [[Triple metre|Template:Music]] in G minor, Trio in G major
4. Allegro, Template:Music in G minor

This symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, four horns and strings.

First movement

<score sound="1">

\relative c {

 \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Allegro con brio" 4 = 240
 \key g \minor
 g8\f g4 g g g8 |
 d8 d4 d d d8 |
 es8 es4 es es es8 |
 fis,8 fis4 fis fis fis8 |
 g8 bes d g bes16( a g fis g4)-. |

} </score>

Second movement

<score sound="1">

\relative c {

 \tempo "Andante"
 \key ees \major
 \time 2/4
 \tempo 4 = 50
 \partial 4 \partial 8 bes,8\p^\markup { \italic {con sordini} } (aes g) r8
 c8 (bes aes) r8
 aes (g f) r8 bes (aes g) r8
 ees'-! ees (f,) r8 bes-!
 aes (g) r8 c-!
 c (bes) r8
 d, (ees4) r8

} </score>

Third movement

<score sound="1">

\relative c {

 \tempo "Menuetto"
 \key bes \major
 \time 3/4
 g,4\f d g
 bes2 c8 (a)
 g4 fis g
 a8 (fis) d4 r4
 c'4\p c c
 b4.\fp (c16 d c4)
 ees ees ees
 d4.\fp (ees16 f ees4)
 g4\f g g
 fis (c') bes-!
 \grace bes16 (a4) g fis
 g2 r4\bar ":|."

} </score>

<score sound="1">

<< \new Staff \with { instrumentName = #"Hb1 "}

 \relative c {
    \key g \major
    \tempo "Trio"
    \time 3/4
   d2 \p b'8 (g)
   g (fis) fis4 fis
   fis (c') b16 (a g fis)
   g8 (b) d,4 r4
   g (fis e)
   a4.\fp (g8) fis4
   \grace a16 (g4) fis e
   d2 r4 \bar ":|."
 }

\new Staff \with { instrumentName = #"Hb2 "}

 \relative c {
   \key g \major
   \time 3/4
  b2\p r4
  r4 c c
  c (fis,) g16 (a b c)
  b8 (d) b4 r4
   e4 (d cis)
   fis4.\fp (e8) d4
    \grace fis16 (e4) d cis
   d2 r4 \bar ":|."
 }

>> </score>

Fourth movement

<score sound="1">

\relative c {

    \key bes \major
    \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Allegro" 4 = 140
    \time 2/2
   g4 \p d bes'4. a8
   g4 bes (a g)
   fis d c'4. bes8
   a4 c (bes a)
   g bes ees4. d8
   c4 a d4. c8
   bes4 g ees cis
   d! c' (bes a)
   g8\f d'4 d d d8~ d4 g (fis g)
 }

</score>

Style and influence

With its wide-leap melodic lines and syncopation, this symphony is characteristic of the Template:Lang style. It shares certain features with other Sturm and Drang symphonies of this time, and is likely inspired by Haydn's Symphony No. 39, also in G minor.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Performance history

The work was first performed in the United States by the Boston Symphony Orchestra on 27 October 1899 under the direction of Wilhelm Gericke. It was not performed again in the US until 1937, when rendered by the Alfred Wallenstein Sinfonietta. John Barbirolli and the New York Philharmonic performed it again in 1941 as part of their centennial season.<ref>Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>

In 1990, Deutsche Grammophon released a recording of this symphony performed by the Vienna Philharmonic conducted by Leonard Bernstein.<ref>Template:Discogs release</ref>

In popular culture

The first movement plays over the opening credits of Amadeus, the 1984 Oscar-winning biographical film about Mozart.<ref>Template:Discogs release</ref> This version was recorded by the Academy of St Martin in the Fields and Neville Marriner.

Beginning in the 1990s, the Titan Company (an Indian manufacturer of fashion accessories) released several television advertisements for their Quartz line of watches.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Oglivy & Mather, the agency that produced the advertisements, selected a phrase from Template:Lang as the theme music. These advertisements became iconic and helped popularize the brand. Several versions were produced aside from the traditional arrangement, like one played solely on the piano. Titan also produced an advertisement featuring an electronic backing track overlaid with the theme played on several Indian musical instruments by renowned musicians. These included Ravi Shankar on the sitar and the father-son duo of Alla Rakha and Zakir Hussain on the tabla.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

External links

• Template:NMA
• Template:IMSLP
• Template:Mutopia (the Allegro con brio movement)
• Template:Mutopia (the Andante movement)
• Symphony No. 25 in G minor mp3 by the RIAS-Symphonie-Orchester Berlin (1950 recording), Template:Ill
• Template:YouTube, Weinberger Chamber Orchestra, Gábor Takács-Nagy, live concert, Tonhalle, Zurich, 31 January 2016