Karamay
Template:About Template:Infobox settlement Template:Infobox Chinese Karamay (also spelled Karamai) is a prefecture-level city in the north of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is surrounded on all sides by Tacheng Prefecture. The name of the city comes from the Uyghur language and means "black oil", referring to the oil fields near the city.
Karamay was the site of one of the worst disasters in modern Chinese history, the 1994 Karamay fire, when 324 people, including 288 school children, lost their lives in a cinema fire on 8 December 1994.<ref>China aghast at ‘sacrifice’ of 288 pupils, The Sunday Times, May 6, 2007.</ref>
Subdivisions
Karamay City has jurisdiction over four districts (Template:Lang-zh). They are not contiguous as Dushanzi District is located south of the Lanxin Railway and forms an exclave, separated from the rest of Karamay City by Kuytun City. Together with Kuytun City, Karamay City forms an enclave surrounded on all sides by Tacheng Prefecture.
| Map | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Population Template:Small |
Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) |
| Karamay | Template:Lang | Kèlāmǎyī Qū | Template:Lang | Qaramay Rayoni | 337,188 | 3,834 | 87.95 |
| Dushanzi | Template:Lang | Dúshānzǐ Qū | Template:Lang | Maytagh Rayoni | 84,395 | 400 | 210.99 |
| Baijiantan | Template:Lang | Báijiǎntān Qū | Template:Lang | Jerenbulaq Rayoni | 50,825 | 1,272 | 39.96 |
| Orku | Template:Lang | Wū'ěrhé Qū | Template:Lang | Orqu Rayoni | 17,940 | 2,228 | 8.05 |
Geography
Karamay is located in the northwest of the Dzungarian basin, with an average elevation of Template:Convert. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 44° 07' to 46° 08' N and in longitude from 80° 44' to 86° 01' E and has a maximal Template:Convert north–south extent and reaches Template:Convert in east–west width. It borders Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County to the northeast, Shawan County to the southeast, Toli County and Wusu to the west and Kuytun to the south.
The naturally available water supply in the Karamay area is limited: it mostly consists of two small rivers (the Baiyang River and the Da'erbute River (Template:Lang) flowing into the Dzungarian Basin from the mountains of its northwestern rim. In addition, the city receives water from the Irtysh River, over the Irtysh–Karamay Canal, which was officially opened in 2008.<ref>Karamay River Scenic Area</ref>
A number of natural (Ailik Lake) and artificial (Fengcheng, Huangyangquan) reservoirs are located in Karamay's northeastern Urho District; they all are replenished, directly or indirectly, by water from the Irtysh–Karamay Canal.
Climate
Karamay has an extremely continental desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk, Trewartha BWac), typified by great seasonal extremes in temperature, varying by Template:Convert; with long, very hot summers (for its latitude) and long, severely cold winters with brief spring and autumn in between. The monthly 24-hour average temperature is Template:Convert in January and soars to Template:Convert in July and the annual mean is Template:Convert, warmer than most places at the corresponding latitude, due to the long summers. Annual precipitation is Template:Convert and the summer months record the most rainfall, despite relative humidity levels averaging around 30%. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37% in December to 71% in September, sunshine is generous, only occurring less than 50% of the time in November and December and the annual average total is 2,694 hours.
Demographics
According to the 2010 census, over 80% of Karamay's population are Han Chinese, with minorities such as Uighur, Kazakhs, Mongols and Hui making up the rest. The population of 2010 is 391,008, a rise from the 270,232 of 2000 census. The population density is 50.6 inhabitants per km2.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The 2015 population estimate is 401,468.<ref name="2015 Population Estimate">Template:Cite web</ref>
- Population by ethnicity (2010)<ref name="2010 census">Template:Cite book</ref>
| Ethnicity | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Han Chinese | 319,265 | 81.65% |
| Uyghur | 44,866 | 11.47% |
| Kazakhs | 11,620 | 2.97% |
| Hui | 8,238 | 2.11% |
| Mongol | 2,348 | 0.60% |
| Manchu | 754 | 0.19% |
| Xibe | 681 | 0.17% |
| Tujia | 678 | 0.17% |
| Russian | 471 | 0.12% |
| Uzbek | 177 | 0.05% |
| Dongxiang | 133 | 0.03% |
| Kyrgyz | 117 | 0.03% |
| Tajik | 35 | <0.01% |
| Others | 1,625 | 0.42% |
| Total | 391,008 | 100% |
Economy
In 1955, one of the largest oil fields in China was discovered there. Since then, the city has grown into an oil-producing and refining center.
In 2008, the GDP reached ¥66.1 billion and GDP per capita reached ¥242,391 (US$34,901), ranking first among 659 cities in mainland China.
Cloud computing industry
Karamay has established a Cloud Computing Industry Park as part of its economic diversification strategy away from traditional oil extraction. The park leverages the city's abundant power supply and cool, dry climate to host data centers and attract IT companies, positioning itself as a key node for data services in Western China.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Transport
- Kuytun–Beitun Railway. There are passenger stations in Karamay itself and in Wuwu New Town (Template:Lang), south of central Karamay.
- Karamay–Tacheng Railway (under construction as of 2017)
- Kelamayi Guhai Airport
- China National Highway 217
Notable persons
- Adil Mijit, comedian
- Gulimina Mahamuti, pianist
References
External links
- Government website of Karamay (in Simplified Chinese)
- Map of the City of Karamay Template:Webarchive