Messier object

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Template:Use dmy dates Template:Short description Template:Infobox astronomical survey

The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his Template:Ill (Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters). Because Messier was interested only in finding comets, he created a list of those non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. This list, which Messier created in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is now known as the Messier catalogue. The Messier catalogue is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many objects on the list are still referenced by their Messier numbers.<ref> Template:Cite web </ref> The catalogue includes most of the astronomical deep-sky objects that can be easily observed from Earth's Northern Hemisphere; many Messier objects are popular targets for amateur astronomers.<ref name="Hubble"> Template:Cite web </ref>

A preliminary version of the catalogue first appeared in 1774 in the Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences for the year 1771.<ref> Template:Cite journal </ref><ref name=SEDS-Messier-1771> Template:Cite web </ref><ref name=Britannica> Template:Cite encyclopedia </ref> The first version of Messier's catalogue contained 45 objects, which were not numbered. Eighteen of the objects were discovered by Messier; the rest had been previously observed by other astronomers.<ref> Template:Cite magazine </ref> By 1780 the catalogue had increased to 70 objects.<ref> Template:Cite journal </ref> The final version of the catalogue containing 103 objects was published in 1781 in the Connaissance des Temps for the year 1784.<ref name="Messier-1781-Connaissance-1784"> Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=SEDS-Messier-1771/> However, due to what was thought for a long time to be the incorrect addition of Messier 102, the total number remained 102. Other astronomers, using side notes in Messier's texts, eventually expanded the list to 110 objects.<ref> Template:Cite web </ref>

The catalogue consists of a diverse range of astronomical objects, from star clusters and nebulae to galaxies. For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref>

Lists and editions

Painting of Charles Messier
Charles Messier

The first edition of 1774 covered 45 objects (M1 to M45). The total list published by Messier in 1781 contained 103 objects, but the list was expanded through successive additions by other astronomers, motivated by notes in Messier's and Méchain's texts indicating that at least one of them knew of the additional objects. The first such addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding a note Messier made in a copy of the 1781 edition of the catalogue. M105 to M107 were added by Helen Sawyer Hogg in 1947, M108 and M109 by Owen Gingerich in 1960, and M110 by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref> M102 was observed by Méchain, who communicated his notes to Messier. Méchain later concluded that this object was simply a re-observation of M101, though some sources suggest that the object Méchain observed was the galaxy NGC 5866 and identify that as M102.<ref> Template:Cite press release </ref>

Messier's final catalogue was included in the Template:Lang [Knowledge of the Times for the Year 1784], the French official yearly publication of astronomical ephemerides.<ref name=Messier-1781-Connaissance-1784/><ref name=SEDS-Messier-1771/>

Messier lived and conducted his astronomical work at the Hôtel de Cluny (now the Musée national du Moyen Âge), in Paris, France. The list he compiled contains only objects found in the sky area he could observe from the north celestial pole to a celestial latitude of about −35.7°. He did not observe or list objects visible only from farther south, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.<ref> Template:Cite book </ref>

Observations

The Messier catalogue comprises nearly all of the most spectacular examples of the five types of deep-sky object – diffuse nebulae, planetary nebulae, open clusters, globular clusters, and galaxies – visible from European latitudes. Furthermore, almost all of the Messier objects are among the closest to Earth in their respective classes, which makes them heavily studied with professional class instruments that today can resolve small and visually significant details in them. A summary of the astrophysics of each Messier object can be found in the Concise Catalog of Deep-sky Objects.<ref> Template:Cite book</ref>

Since these objects could be observed visually with the relatively small-aperture refracting telescope (approximately 100 mm ≈ 4 inches) used by Messier to study the sky from downtown Paris, they are among the brightest and thus most attractive astronomical objects (of the class popularly called deep-sky objects) observable from Earth, and are popular targets for visual study and astrophotography available to modern amateur astronomers using larger aperture equipment. In early spring, astronomers sometimes gather for "Messier marathons", when all of the objects can be viewed over a single night.<ref> Template:Cite web </ref><ref> Template:Cite book </ref>

Messier objects

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Template:Shy Template:Abbr NGCTemplate:Wbr/Template:WbrIC Template:Abbr Common name Image Object type Template:Shy (kly) [[Constellation|Template:Shy]] [[Apparent magnitude|Template:Shy]] Template:Shy Right ascension Declination
M1Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1952 Crab Nebula File:Crab Nebula.jpg [[Supernova remnant|Template:Shy remnant]] Template:Dsv |4.9–8.1 Taurus 8.4 420″ × 290″ Template:RA Template:DEC
M2Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 7089 Template:Sdash File:Messier2 - HST - Potw1913a.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 33 Aquarius 6.5 16′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M3Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5272 Template:Sdash File:Messier3 - HST - Potw1914a.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 33.9 Canes Venatici 6.2 18′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M4Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6121 Spider Globular Cluster File:Globular star cluster Messier 4.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 7.2 Scorpius 5.6 26′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M5Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5904 Rose Cluster File:Messier 5 - HST.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 24.5 Serpens 5.6 23′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M6Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6405 Butterfly Cluster File:M6a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 1.6 Scorpius 4.2 25′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M7Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6475 Ptolemy's Cluster File:The star cluster Messier 7.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster Template:Dsv |0.65–1.31 Scorpius 3.3 80′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M8Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> NGC 6523 Lagoon Nebula File:LagoonHunterWilson.jpg Nebula with cluster 4.1 Sagittarius 4.6 90′ × 40′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M9Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6333 Template:Sdash File:Globular cluster Messier 9 (captured by the Hubble Space Telescope).tif Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 25.8 Ophiuchus 7.7 9.3′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M10Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6254 Template:Sdash File:Messier 10 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 14.3 Ophiuchus 6.6 20′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M11Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Citation</ref> NGC 6705 Wild Duck Cluster File:Eso1430a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 6.2 Scutum 5.8 22.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M12Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6218 Template:Sdash File:M12 Hubble.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 15.7 Ophiuchus 6.7 16′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M13Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6205 Great Hercules Cluster File:Messier 13 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 22.2 Hercules 5.8 20′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M14Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6402 Template:Sdash File:Messier object 014.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 30.3 Ophiuchus 7.6 11′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M15Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 7078 Great Pegasus Cluster File:Messier 15 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 33 Pegasus 6.2 18′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M16Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6611 Eagle Nebula File:Eagle Nebula from ESO.jpg Template:Dsv | H II region nebula with cluster 7 Serpens 6.4 70′ × 50′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M17Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6618 Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, Lobster, or Checkmark Nebula File:The star formation region Messier 17.jpg Template:Dsv | H II region nebula with cluster Template:Dsv |5–6 Sagittarius 6.0 11′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M18Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6613 Black Swan Cluster File:Messier18.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 4.9 Sagittarius 7.5 9.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M19Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6273 Template:Sdash File:Messier 19 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 28.7 Ophiuchus 6.8 17′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M20Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6514 Trifid Nebula File:Trifid.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg Template:Dsv | H II region nebula with cluster 5.2 Sagittarius 6.3 28′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M21Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6531 Webb's Cross Cluster File:Messier object 021.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 4.25 Sagittarius 6.5 14′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M22Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6656 Great Sagittarius Cluster File:Messier 22 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster Template:Dsv |9.6–11.6 Sagittarius 5.1 32′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M23Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Citation</ref> NGC 6494 Template:Sdash File:Messier object 023.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 2.15 Sagittarius 5.5 35′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M24Template:Wbr<ref name=French>Template:Cite magazine</ref> IC 4715 Small Sagittarius Star Cloud File:Messier 24 Colombari crop invert.jpg Milky Way star cloud Template:Dsv |~10 Sagittarius 2.5 2°x1° Template:RA Template:DEC
M25Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> IC 4725 Template:Sdash File:Messier object 025.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 2.0 Sagittarius 4.6 36′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M26Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6694 Template:Sdash File:Messier 26.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 5.0 Scutum 8.0 14′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M27Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6853 Dumbbell Nebula File:M27 - Dumbbell Nebula.jpg Template:Dsv | Planetary nebula Template:Dsv |1.148–1.52 Vulpecula 7.4 8.0′ × 5.6′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M28Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6626 Template:Sdash File:Nebulous, but no nebula Messier 28.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 17.9 Sagittarius 6.8 11.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M29Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6913 Cooling Tower Cluster File:Messier 29.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 7.2 Cygnus 7.1 7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M30Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 7099 Jellyfish Cluster File:Messier 30 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster Template:Dsv |27.8–31 Capricornus 7.2 12′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M31Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 224 Andromeda Galaxy File:Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha).jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |2,430–2,650 Andromeda 3.4 3.17° × 1° Template:RA Template:DEC
M32Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 221 Andromeda Satellite #1 File:M32 Lanoue.png Template:Dsv | Dwarf elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |2,410–2,570 Andromeda 8.1 8.7′ × 6.5′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M33Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 598 TriangulumTemplate:Wbr/Template:WbrPinwheel Galaxy File:VST snaps a very detailed view of the Triangulum Galaxy.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |2,380–3,070 Triangulum 5.7 70.8′ × 41.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M34Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1039 Spiral Cluster File:M34 2mass atlas.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 1.5 Perseus 5.5 35′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M35Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2168 Shoe-Buckle Cluster File:M35atlas.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 2.8 Gemini 5.3 28′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M36Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1960 Pinwheel Cluster File:M36a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 4.1 Auriga 6.3 12′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M37Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2099 Salt and Pepper Cluster File:M37a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 4.511 Auriga 6.2 24′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M38Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1912 Starfish Cluster File:M38 Open Cluster.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 4.2 Auriga 7.4 21′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M39Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 7092 Pyramid Cluster File:M39atlas.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 0.8244 Cygnus 4.6 29′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M40Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Sdash Winnecke 4 File:Messier object 40.jpg Optical Double 0.51 Ursa Major 8.4 51.7″ Template:RA Template:DEC
M41Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2287 Little Beehive Cluster File:Messier 041 2MASS.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 2.3 Canis Major 4.5 38′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M42Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1976 Great Orion Nebula File:Orion Nebula - Hubble 2006 mosaic 18000.jpg Template:Dsv | H II region nebula Template:Dsv |1.324–1.364 Orion 4.0 65′ × 60′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M43Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1982 De Mairan's Nebula File:M43 HST.jpg Template:Dsv | H II region nebula (part of the Orion Nebula)
 1.6 Orion 9.0 20′ × 15′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M44Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2632 Beehive Cluster or Praesepe File:Messier 44 2018.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 0.577 Cancer 3.7 95′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M45Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Template:Sdash Pleiades, Seven Sisters or Subaru File:Bob Star - M45 Carranza Field (by).jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster Template:Dsv |0.39–0.46 Taurus 1.6 2° Template:RA Template:DEC
M46Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2437 Template:Sdash File:M46a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 5.4 Puppis 6.0 22.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M47Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> NGC 2422 Template:Sdash File:M47a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 1.6 Puppis 4.4 30′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M48Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2548 Template:Sdash File:M48a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 1.5 Hydra 5.5 30′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M49Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4472 Template:Sdash File:Messier 49 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |53,600–58,200 Virgo 8.4 10.2′ × 8.3′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M50Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2323 Heart-Shaped Cluster File:M50a.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 3.2 Monoceros 5.9 16′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M51Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5194,Template:BrNGC 5195 Whirlpool Galaxy File:Messier51 sRGB.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |19,000–27,000 Canes Venatici 8.4 11.2′ × 6.9′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M52Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 7654 Scorpion Cluster File:M52atlas.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 5.0 Cassiopeia 7.3 13′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M53Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5024 Template:Sdash File:Globular Cluster M53.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 58 Coma Berenices 7.6 13′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M54Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6715 Template:Sdash File:Messier54.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 87.4 Sagittarius 7.6 12′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M55Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6809 Specter Cluster File:Messier55.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 17.6 Sagittarius 6.3 19′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M56Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6779 Template:Sdash File:M56-LRGB.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 32.9 Lyra 8.3 8.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M57Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6720 Ring Nebula File:M57 The Ring Nebula.JPG Template:Dsv | Planetary nebula Template:Dsv |1.6–3.8 Lyra 8.8 230″ × 230″ Template:RA Template:DEC
M58Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4579 Template:Sdash File:M58s (visible).jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |~63,000 Virgo 9.7 5.9′ × 4.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M59Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4621 Template:Sdash File:Messier59 - HST - Potw1921a.jpg Template:Dsv | Elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |55,000–65,000 Virgo 9.6 5.4′ × 3.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M60Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4649 Template:Sdash File:Messier 60 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |51,000–59,000 Virgo 8.8 7.4′ × 6.0′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M61Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4303 Swelling Spiral Galaxy File:Messier61 - ESO - Potw1901a.tif Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |50,200–54,800 Virgo 9.7 6.5′ × 5.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M62Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6266 Flickering Globular File:Messier object 062.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 22.2 Ophiuchus 6.5 15′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M63Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5055 Sunflower Galaxy File:M63s.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Nts Canes Venatici 8.6 12.6′ × 7.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M64Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4826 Black Eye Galaxy File:Blackeyegalaxy.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |22,000–26,000 Coma Berenices 8.5 10.7′ × 5.1′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M65Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3623 Leo Triplet File:M65.jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |41,000–42,000 Leo 9.3 8.7′ × 2.5′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M66Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3627 Leo Triplet File:Phot-33c-03-fullres.jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |31,000–41,000 Leo 8.9 9.1′ × 4.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M67Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2682 King Cobra or Golden Eye Cluster File:Messier object 067.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster Template:Dsv |2.61–2.93 Cancer 6.1 30′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M68Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4590 Template:Sdash File:Messier object 068.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 33.6 Hydra 7.8 11′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M69Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6637 Template:Sdash File:Messier object 069.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 29.7 Sagittarius 7.6 10.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M70Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6681 Template:Sdash File:Messier70.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 29.4 Sagittarius 7.9 8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M71Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6838 Angelfish Cluster File:Messier71.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 13.0 Sagitta 8.2 7.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M72Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6981 Template:Sdash File:Messier72.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster Template:Dsv |53.40–55.74 Aquarius 9.3 6.6′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M73Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6994 Template:Sdash File:Messier 073 2MASS.jpg Asterism Template:Dsv |~2.5 Aquarius 9.0 2.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M74Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 628 Phantom Galaxy<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> File:Messier 74 by HST.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |24,000–36,000 Pisces 9.4 10.5′ × 9.5′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M75Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6864 Template:Sdash File:Messier75.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 67.5 Sagittarius 8.5 6.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M76Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 650,Template:BrNGC 651 Little Dumbbell Nebula File:M76-RL5-DDmin-Gamma-LRGB 883x628.jpg Template:Dsv | Planetary nebula 2.5 Perseus 10.1 2.7′ × 1.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M77Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1068 Cetus A or Squid Galaxy File:Messier 77 spiral galaxy by HST.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Nts Cetus 8.9 7.1′ × 6.0′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M78Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2068 Template:Sdash File:Messier 78.jpg Template:Dsv | Diffuse nebula 1.6 Orion 8.3 8′ × 6′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M79Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 1904 Template:Sdash File:M79a.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 41 Lepus 7.7 8.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M80Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6093 Template:Sdash File:A Swarm of Ancient Stars - GPN-2000-000930.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 32.6 Scorpius 7.3 10′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M81Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3031 Bode's Galaxy File:M81.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |11,400–12,200 Ursa Major 6.9 26.9′ × 14.1′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M82Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3034 Cigar Galaxy File:JPEG M82 Cigar Galaxyjn.jpg Template:Dsv | Starburst galaxy Template:Dsv |10,700–12,300 Ursa Major 8.4 11.2′ × 4.3′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M83Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5236 Southern Pinwheel Galaxy File:M83 - Southern Pinwheel.jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Nts Hydra 7.6 12.9′ × 11.5′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M84Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4374 Template:Sdash File:Messier 84 nucleus Hubble.jpg Template:Dsv | Lenticular galaxy Template:Dsv |57,000–63,000 Virgo 9.1 6.5′ × 5.6′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M85Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4382 Template:Sdash File:Messier 85 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Lenticular galaxy Template:Dsv |56,000–64,000 Coma Berenices 9.1 7.1′ × 5.5′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M86Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4406 Template:Sdash File:Messier 86 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Lenticular galaxy Template:Dsv |49,000–55,000 Virgo 8.9 8.9′ × 5.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M87Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4486 Virgo A File:Messier 87 Hubble WikiSky.jpg Template:Dsv | Elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |51,870–55,130 Virgo 8.6 7.2′ × 6.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M88Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4501 Template:Sdash File:M88s.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |39,000–56,000 Coma Berenices 9.6 6.9′ × 3.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M89Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4552 Template:Sdash File:Messier89 - HST - Potw1902a.tif Template:Dsv | Elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |47,000–53,000 Virgo 9.8 5.1′ × 4.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M90Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4569 Template:Sdash File:Messier90 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |55,900–61,500 Virgo 9.5 9.5′ × 4.4′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M91Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4548 Template:Sdash File:M91s.jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |47,000–79,000 Coma Berenices 10.2 5.4′ × 4.3′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M92Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6341 Template:Sdash File:Globular Cluster M92.JPG Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 26.7 Hercules 6.4 14′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M93Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 2447 Critter Cluster File:Messier object 093.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 3.6 Puppis 6.0 10′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M94Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4736 Crocodile Eye or Cat's Eye Galaxy File:Messier 94.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |14,700–17,300 Canes Venatici 8.2 11.2′ × 9.1′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M95Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3351 Template:Sdash File:The VLT goes lion hunting.jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |31,200–34,000 Leo 9.7 3.1′ × 2.9′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M96Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3368 Template:Sdash File:NGC 3368 ESO.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |28,000–34,000 Leo 9.2 7.6′ × 5.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M97Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3587 Owl Nebula File:M97-stargazer-obs.jpg Template:Dsv | Planetary nebula 2.03 Ursa Major 9.9 3.4′ × 3.3′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M98Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4192 Template:Sdash File:M-98.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Nts Coma Berenices 10.1 9.8′ × 2.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M99Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4254 St. Catherine's Wheel File:M99.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |44,700–55,700 Coma Berenices 9.9 5.4′ × 4.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M100Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4321 Mirror Galaxy File:Messier 100 and Supernova SN 2006X.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Nts Coma Berenices 9.3 7.4′ × 6.3′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M101Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5457 Pinwheel Galaxy File:M101 hires STScI-PRC2006-10a.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |19,100–22,400 Ursa Major 7.9 28.8′ × 26.9′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M102Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 5866 Spindle Galaxy File:Ngc5866 hst big.png Template:Dsv | Lenticular galaxy Template:Dsv |50,000 Draco 9.9 4.7′ × 1.9′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M103Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 581 Template:Sdash File:Messier object 103.jpg Template:Dsv | Open cluster 10 Cassiopeia 7.4 6′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M104Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4594 Sombrero Galaxy File:M104 ngc4594 sombrero galaxy hi-res.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |28,700–30,900 Virgo 8.0 9′ × 4′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M105Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3379 Template:Sdash File:Messier105 - HST - Potw1901a.jpg Template:Dsv | Elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |30,400–33,600 Leo 9.3 5.4′ × 4.8′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M106Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 4258 Template:Sdash File:Messier 106 visible and infrared composite.jpg Template:Dsv | Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |22,200–25,200 Canes Venatici 8.4 18.6′ × 7.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M107Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 6171 Crucifix Cluster File:Messier object 107.jpg Template:Dsv | Globular cluster 20.9 Ophiuchus 7.9 10′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M108Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3556 Surfboard Galaxy File:Messier108 - SDSS DR 14 (panorama).jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Nts Ursa Major 10.0 8.7′ × 2.2′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M109Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 3992 Vacuum Cleaner Galaxy File:Messier109 - SDSS DR14 (panorama).jpg Template:Dsv | Barred Spiral galaxy Template:Dsv |59,500–107,500 Ursa Major 9.8 7.6′ × 4.7′ Template:RA Template:DEC
M110Template:Wbr<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> NGC 205 Andromeda Satellite #2 File:Messier object 110.jpg Template:Dsv | Dwarf elliptical galaxy Template:Dsv |2,600–2,780 Andromeda 8.5 21.9′ × 11.0′ Template:RA Template:DEC

Star chart of Messier objects

File:MessierStarChart.svg
Star chart depicting the Messier objects plotted on a rectangular grid representing right ascension and declination

See also

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References

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