Per mille

The phrase per mille (Template:Etymology)<ref name=oed>Template:Cite OED</ref> indicates parts per thousand.<ref name=cam>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The associated symbol is Template:Char, similar to a per cent sign Template:Char but with an extra zero in the divisor.

Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,<ref name=oed /><ref name=cam /><ref name=oad /> giving other options of per mil,<ref name=cam/> per mill,<ref name=oed/><ref name=oad>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> permil,<ref name=oed/><ref name="solubility" /> permill,<ref name=oed/> permille.<ref name=uni/><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>

The word Template:Lang is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.<ref>Template:Cite dictionary</ref><ref name="solubility">Template:Cite journal (Page 258)</ref>

The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at Template:Unichar.<ref name=uni>Unicode.u+2038 "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.</ref> There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at Template:Unichar.

Examples

Blood alcohol concentration

Template:Main Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.<ref name="HRB BAL">Template:Cite web</ref>

Cost per mille

Sales and marketing

Template:Main Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

Insurance

In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.<ref>Template:Cite dictionary</ref> In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Gradients

A tram and gradient sign in Gdańsk, Poland. The 50‰ grade is equivalent to 50Template:Nbspm/km or 5%.

Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.<ref>Template:Cite web </ref>

Isotope ratios

Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ¹³C was measured at −3.5‰"

Taxation

Charity fraction

In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Property tax

Template:Main Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.

Quantile

Template:Main Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),<ref name="walker">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref> but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Salinity

Template:Main Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).<ref>Template:Cite dictionary</ref>

Related units

• Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100
• Percentage (%) 1 part in 100
• Basis point (bp) difference of 1 part in 10,000
• Permyriad (‱) 1 part in 10,000
• Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000

See also

• Parts-per notation
• Per-unit system
• Percentile
• Fineness of precious metals (given as "0.000-fine")

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline