Lathyrus
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Lathyrus Template:IPAc-en<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, and contains approximately 160 species. Commonly known as peavines or vetchlings,<ref name=GRINgenus/> they are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including Orobus, which was once a separate genus.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The genus has numerous synonyms, including Pisum, the ancient Latin name for the pea.<ref name="gledhill">Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN (hardback), Template:ISBN (paperback). pp 304</ref>
Species
181 species are currently accepted.<ref name = powo/><ref name=GRINspecies>GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus. Template:Webarchive Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref> Template:Div col
- Lathyrus acutifolius Template:Small
- Lathyrus alamutensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus alpestris Template:Small
- Lathyrus amphicarpos Template:Small
- Lathyrus angulatus Template:Small – angled pea
- Lathyrus anhuiensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus annuus Template:Small – red fodder pea
- Lathyrus apenninus Template:Small
- Lathyrus aphaca Template:Small – yellow pea
- Lathyrus armenus Template:Small
- Lathyrus articulatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus atropatanus Template:Small
- Lathyrus aureus Template:Small – golden pea
- Lathyrus basalticus Template:Small
- Lathyrus bauhini Template:Small
- Lathyrus belinensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus berteroanus Template:Small
- Lathyrus biflorus Template:Small – twoflower pea
- Lathyrus bijugus Template:Small – drypark pea
- Lathyrus binatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus bitlisicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus blepharicarpos Template:Small – ciliate vetchling
- Lathyrus boissieri Template:Small
- Lathyrus brachycalyx Template:Small – Bonneville pea
- Lathyrus brachyodon Template:Small
- Lathyrus brachypterus Template:Small
- Lathyrus brownii Template:Small
- Lathyrus cabrerianus Template:Small
- Lathyrus campestris Template:Small
- Lathyrus cassius Template:Small
- Lathyrus caudatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus chloranthus Template:Small
- Lathyrus chrysanthus Template:Small
- Lathyrus cicera Template:Small – red pea
- Lathyrus ciliatidentatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus cilicicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus ciliolatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus cirpicii Template:Small
- Lathyrus cirrhosus Template:Small
- Lathyrus clymenum Template:Small – Spanish vetchling
- Lathyrus colchicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus crassipes Template:Small – arvejilla
- Lathyrus cyaneus Template:Small
- Lathyrus czeczottianus Template:Small
- Lathyrus davidii Template:Small
- Lathyrus decaphyllus Template:Small – prairie vetchling
- Lathyrus delnorticus Template:Small – Del Norte pea
- Lathyrus dielsianus Template:Small
- Lathyrus digitatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus elegans Template:Small
- Lathyrus elongatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus emodi Template:Small
- Lathyrus eucosmus Template:Small – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling
- Lathyrus filiformis Template:Small
- Lathyrus fissus Template:Small
- Lathyrus formosus Template:Small – Vavilovia
- Lathyrus frolovii Template:Small
- Lathyrus fulvus Template:Small
- Lathyrus glandulosus Template:Small
- Lathyrus gloeosperma Template:Small
- Lathyrus gmelinii Template:Small
- Lathyrus golanensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus gorgoni Template:Small
- Lathyrus graminifolius Template:Small – grassleaf pea
- Lathyrus grandiflorus Template:Small – twoflower everlasting pea
- Lathyrus grimesii Template:Small – Grimes' pea
- Lathyrus hallersteinii Template:Small
- Lathyrus hasslerianus Template:Small
- Lathyrus heterophyllus Template:Small – Norfolk everlasting pea
- Lathyrus hierosolymitanus Template:Small
- Lathyrus hirsutus Template:Small – hairy vetchling
- Lathyrus hirticarpus Template:Small
- Lathyrus hitchcockianus Template:Small – Bullfrog Mountain pea
- Lathyrus holochlorus Template:Small – thinleaf pea
- Lathyrus hookeri Template:Small
- Lathyrus humilis Template:Small
- Lathyrus hygrophilus Template:Small
- Lathyrus inconspicuus Template:Small
- Lathyrus incurvus Template:Small
- Lathyrus japonicus Template:Small – sea pea, beach pea
- Lathyrus jepsonii Template:Small – delta tule pea
- Lathyrus karsianus Template:Small
- Lathyrus ketzkhovelii Template:Small
- Lathyrus komarovii Template:Small
- Lathyrus krylovii Template:Small
- Lathyrus laetivirens Template:Small – aspen pea
- Lathyrus laevigatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus lanszwertii Template:Small – Nevada pea
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. aridus Template:Small
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. arizonicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. bijugatus Template:Small – drypark pea
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. lanszwertii
- Lathyrus lanszwertii var. pallescens Template:Small
- Lathyrus latifolius Template:Small – everlasting pea, perennial pea
- Lathyrus laxiflorus Template:Small
- Lathyrus lentiformis Template:Small
- Lathyrus leptophyllus Template:Small
- Lathyrus libani Template:Small – Lebanon vetchling
- Lathyrus linearifolius Template:Small
- Lathyrus linifolius Template:Small – bitter vetch, heath pea
- Lathyrus littoralis Template:Small – silky beach pea
- Lathyrus lomanus Template:Small
- Lathyrus lycicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus macropus Template:Small
- Lathyrus macrostachys Template:Small
- Lathyrus magellanicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus marmoratus Template:Small
- Lathyrus meridensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus miniatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus mulkak Template:Small
- Lathyrus multiceps Template:Small
- Lathyrus multijugus Template:Small
- Lathyrus nervosus Template:Small – Lord Anson's blue pea
- Lathyrus neurolobus Template:Small
- Lathyrus nevadensis Template:Small – Sierra pea
- Lathyrus niger Template:Small – black pea
- Lathyrus nigrivalvis Template:Small
- Lathyrus nissolia Template:Small – grass vetchling
- Lathyrus nitens Template:Small
- Lathyrus nivalis Template:Small
- Lathyrus numidicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus ochroleucus Template:Small – cream pea
- Lathyrus ochrus Template:Small – Cyprus-vetch
- Lathyrus odoratus Template:Small – sweet pea
- Lathyrus oleraceus Template:Small – pea
- Lathyrus pallescens Template:Small
- Lathyrus palustris Template:Small – marsh pea
- Lathyrus pancicii Template:Small
- Lathyrus pannonicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus paraguariensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus paranensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus parodii Template:Small
- Lathyrus pauciflorus Template:Small – fewflower pea
- Lathyrus pisiformis Template:Small
- Lathyrus polyphyllus Template:Small – leafy pea
- Lathyrus pratensis Template:Small – meadow vetchling
- Lathyrus pseudocicera Template:Small
- Lathyrus pubescens Template:Small
- Lathyrus pusillus Template:Small – tiny pea, singletary vetchling
- Lathyrus pygmaeus Template:Small
- Lathyrus quinquenervius Template:Small
- Lathyrus rigidus Template:Small – stiff pea
- Lathyrus roseus Template:Small
- Lathyrus rotundifolius Template:Small
- Lathyrus satdaghensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus sativus Template:Small – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch
- Lathyrus saxatilis Template:Small
- Lathyrus sericeus Template:Small
- Lathyrus setifolius Template:Small
- Lathyrus spathulatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus speciosus Template:Small
- Lathyrus sphaericus Template:Small – grass pea
- Lathyrus splendens Template:Small – pride of California
- Lathyrus stenolobus Template:Small
- Lathyrus stenophyllus Template:Small
- Lathyrus subandinus Template:Small
- Lathyrus subulatus Template:Small
- Lathyrus sulphureus Template:Small – snub pea
- Lathyrus sylvestris Template:Small – flat pea
- Lathyrus tauricola Template:Small
- Lathyrus tefennicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus tingitanus Template:Small – Tangier pea
- Lathyrus torreyi Template:Small – Torrey's peavine
- Lathyrus × tournefortii Template:Small
- Lathyrus trachycarpus Template:Small
- Lathyrus tracyi Template:Small
- Lathyrus transsylvanicus Template:Small
- Lathyrus tremolsianus Template:Small
- Lathyrus tropicalandinus Template:Small
- Lathyrus tuberosus Template:Small – tuberous pea
- Lathyrus tukhtensis Template:Small
- Lathyrus undulatus Template:Small – wavy pea
- Lathyrus vaniotii Template:Small – Korean mountain vetchling<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Lathyrus venetus Template:Small
- Lathyrus venosus Template:Small – veiny pea, bushy vetchling
- Lathyrus vernus Template:Small – spring pea
- Lathyrus vestitus Template:Small – Pacific pea
- Lathyrus vinealis Template:Small
- Lathyrus vivantii Template:Small
- Lathyrus whitei Template:Small
- Lathyrus woronowii Template:Small
- Lathyrus zalaghensis Template:Small
Ecology
Lathyrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the grey chi (Antitype chi) and the latticed heath (Chiasmia clathrata), both recorded on meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), and Chionodes braunella. Lathyrus growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Uses
Several species are grown for food, including the pea (Lathyrus oleraceus), Indian pea (L. sativus), and the red pea (L. cicera), and less commonly cyprus-vetch (L. ochrus) and Spanish vetchling (L. clymenum). The tuberous pea (L. tuberosus) is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some Lathyrus species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and if eaten in large quantities can cause lathyrism, a serious disease.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) and the perennial everlasting pea (Lathyrus latifolius). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew.