List of political parties in Finland
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Politics of Finland This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>
Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the parties usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.
Political parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät) which usually vote with non-absolute party discipline.
Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units in the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups (independents).
Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.<ref name=":0" /> Among these conditions are:
- that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
- that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, county, or European Parliament election,
- that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
- and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.
A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from its supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register, but may apply again.
Parliamentary parties
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Extra-parliamentary parties
Registered
Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.
| Party | Ideology | CCs | Leader | Founded | Template:Abbr | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Animal Justice Party Eläinoikeuspuolue (Djurrättspartiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Animal rights | 0 | Tatu Chanth | 2015 | <ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Power Belongs to the People Valta kuuluu kansalle |
Template:Party abbr | Finnish ultranationalism Russophilia Vaccine hesitancy<ref name=KU2>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="HS">Template:Cite web</ref> |
0 | Antti Asikainen | 2021 | <ref name="List" /><ref name="Kielitoimisto" /><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Crystal Party Kristallipuolue (Kristall Parti) |
Template:Party abbr | Spirituality Anti-lockdown |
0 | Sanna Seesvalo | 2013 | <ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| width="5px" style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue (Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) |
Template:Party abbr | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
0 | Liisa Taskinen | 1994 | <ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| The Open Party Avoin Puolue |
Template:Party abbrev | Liberalism Open government |
0 | Thierry Botty van den Bruele | 2020 | <ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Freedom Alliance Vapauden liitto |
Template:Party abbr | Right-wing populism National conservatism |
0 | Ossi Tiihonen | 2022 | <ref name="List" /> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Truth Party Totuuspuolue |
Template:Party abbrev | National conservatism Russophilia |
0 | Jaana Kavonius | 2023 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose Liberaalipuolue - Vapaus valita (Liberalpartiet - Frihet att välja) |
Template:Party abbr | Classical liberalism Economic liberalism |
1 | Lassi Kivinen | 2015 | <ref name=poistettu/><ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Blue-and-Black Movement Sinimusta Liike |
SML | Neo-fascism | 0 | Tuukka Kuru | 2021 | <ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="List" /> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Hemp Party Hamppupuolue (Hampapartiet) |
HP | Single-issue (cannabis) | 0 | Template:Ill | 2022 | <ref name="List" /> |
De-registered
The parties listed below have previously held the status of a registered party, but have been de-registered.
| Party | Ideology | Leader | Founded | Template:Abbr | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Kansalaisliitto Kansalaisliitto (Medborgarförbundet) |
Template:Party abbr | Direct democracy Economic democracy |
Päivi Järnfors | 1994 | <ref name=poistettu>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Pirate Party Piraattipuolue (Piratpartiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Pirate politics Social liberalism |
Marek Nečada | 2008 | <ref name=poistettu/><ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Feminist Party Feministinen puolue (Feministiska partiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Feminism | Lauri Alhojärvi | 2016 | <ref name=poistettu/><ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Communist Workers' Party Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue (Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet) |
Template:Party abbr | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
Sanni Riihiaho | 1988 | <ref name=List/><ref name="Rekisteröidyt"/><ref name=Kielitoimisto/> |
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Change 2011 Muutos 2011 (Förändring 2011) |
Template:Party abbr | Direct democracy Populism |
2009 | <ref name=Kielitoimisto/><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> | |
Historical parties
Parliamentary historical parties
Extra-parliamentary historical parties
- Template:Ill (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
- Template:Ill (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
- Template:Ill (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
- National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
- Template:Ill (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
- Template:Ill (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
- Template:Ill (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
- United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
- New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
- Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
- Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
- Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
- Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
- Finnish Labor Front (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
- Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
- Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
- Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
- Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
- National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
- Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
- Template:Ill (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
- Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
- Template:Ill (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
- Template:Ill (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
- Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
- Template:Ill (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
- Template:Ill (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
- Template:Ill (Suomen Senioripuolue) 1990–2014
- Template:Ill (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
- Template:Ill (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
- Finnish People's Blue-Whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
- Finland – Fatherland (Suomi - Isänmaa) 1993–2007
- Natural Law Party (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
- Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
- Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
- For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
- Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
- Citizens' Party (Kansalaispuolue) 2016–2022
- Finnish Reform Movement (Korjausliike) 2017–2023
- Seven Star Movement (Seitsemän tähden liike) 2017–2024
- Finnish People First (Suomen Kansa Ensin) 2018–2023
See also
- Parliament of Finland
- Government of Finland
- President of Finland
- Elections in Finland
- Politics of Finland
- List of political parties in Åland
- List of ruling political parties by country
References
External links
Template:Finnish political parties Template:Finland topics Template:List of political parties in Europe