Prime Minister of Albania
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox official post
The prime minister of Albania,Template:Efn officially the prime minister of the Republic of Albania,Template:Efn is the head of government of Albania. The office of the prime minister is a core institution in the politics of Albania formed after the Albanian declaration of independence on 28 November 1912. Since that time, the nation has navigated a dynamic political evolution spanning distinct periods, encompassing a monarchy, a communist regime and the eventual democratic order. In 1912, Ismail Qemali was inaugurated as the first prime minister of Albania, guiding the nation toward sovereignty amidst the complex conditions in the Balkans. In 1944, Enver Hoxha implemented a radical change in government, transforming Albania into an authoritarian and isolationist communist regime. In 1991, the nation transitioned into a democracy that marked a notable shift, when Fatos Nano emerged as the first post-communist prime minister of Albania.
The office of the prime minister is defined by the constitution of Albania. The appointment begins with general elections, during which parties or political coalitions nominate candidates for the parliament. The leader of the party with the most parliamentary seats becomes a contender for the office of the prime minister. After the results are certified, the president invites the majority leader to propose a prime ministerial candidate who must secure a majority from the parliament for selection. Once selected, the prime minister-elect is mandated to partake in a formal oath-taking ceremony presided over by the president. The prime minister is in charge of forming and guiding the council of ministers, presenting the nation's integral policies and coordinating government institutions. Located in Tirana, the Kryeministria is the official workplace of the prime minister and holds a crucial role in facilitating their duties and those of the council. Since September 2013, Edi Rama from the Albanian Socialist Party has served as prime minister.
History
1912–1990
Following the declaration of independence on 28 November 1912, the establishment of the office of the prime minister became an integral part of the constitutional framework of Albania.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Amidst the formative period characterised by tumultuous political and regional conflicts, a series of distinguished ministers assumed the position, each confronted with distinct challenges that left a lasting impact on Albanian politics. Ismail Qemali occupied the mantle of the first prime minister and directed the Albanian people toward the realisation of Independent Albania.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Subsequently, during their respective tenures as prime ministers from 1914 to 1920, Turhan Përmeti and Esad Toptani were instrumental in directing Albania through the challenges of World War I.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> This period was marked by their dedication to preserving the nation's independence in the face of shifting alliances and external interventions.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Similarly, the emergence of Ilias Vrioni as prime minister in 1920 occurred in the aftermath of World War I, and Vrioni addressed border disputes with the backing of several major Western nations that guaranteed Albania's sovereignty within the boundaries formed in 1913.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Following these developments, Ahmet Zogu served as prime minister in 1922, concentrating on centralising power, modernising the economy and attracting foreign investments.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In 1924, Fan Noli's brief tenure saw the introduction of sweeping reforms, including initiatives in education and land distribution aimed at reshaping the socio-economic landscape, alongside the establishment of the Albanian Orthodox Church.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Zogu returned as prime minister for a second term in 1925 and further solidified his influence, ultimately transitioning the nation into a monarchy in 1928, with himself as king.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
With the global crisis of the Great Depression, Albania grappled with significant economic and financial challenges from 1930 to 1939. The government was tasked with stabilising the economy and fostering socio-economic growth. During this period, a succession of prime ministers, including Kostaq Kotta, Pandeli Evangjeli and Mehdi Frashëri, led the nation. Amid World War II, despite declaring neutrality, Albania was invaded by Italy.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Prime Ministers of the era, including Shefqet Vërlaci and Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, assumed significant roles in navigating the challenges posed by foreign occupation. In 1943, Germany occupied the nation, leading to the brief prime ministerial tenures of Rexhep Mitrovica, Fiqri Dine and Ibrahim Biçakçiu during the occupation.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> With the conclusion of World War II in Albania, the nation entered an unprecedented transformative phase under the leadership of Enver Hoxha, who acceded to the mantle of prime minister in 1944. Hoxha's tenure was marked by a commitment to Marxism–Leninism, resulting in the establishment of the People's Republic of Albania in 1946.Template:Sfn The regime faced multifaceted challenges, encompassing widespread poverty, illiteracy, healthcare crises, and gender inequality.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Pano">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In response, Hoxha initiated a comprehensive modernisation effort aimed at achieving economic and social progress and transitioning Albania into an industrialised society.Template:Sfn Mehmet Shehu served as a prominent figure in Hoxha's government, holding the position of prime minister for a significant part of the communist period, from 1954 to 1981.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He played an essential part in implementing the government's policies and exerting influence over the nation's direction.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Adil Çarçani succeeded Shehu as prime minister and maintained the position for nine years, maintaining Albania's isolationist stance in external affairs and alignment with the Eastern Bloc countries.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
1991–present
After the fall of communism, the office of the prime minister of Albania was restored and a democratic order was established.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Responding to widespread protests in December 1990, the government of Ramiz Alia of the Party of Labour granted its approval for the first multi-party elections in March 1991 and the subsequent elections in March 1992.Template:Sfn This resulted in the legal recognition of the opposition Democratic Party and paved the way for the admission of other political parties, including the Socialist Party.Template:Sfn Subsequently, Fatos Nano emerged as the first post-communist prime minister on 22 February 1991. Nano prioritised the establishment of democratic institutions, the implementation of economic reforms and the reintegration of Albania into the international community.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>Template:Sfn On 4 June 1991, Nano resigned from office due to political and social pressure, allowing Ylli Bufi and Vilson Ahmeti to assume the mantle for a short period, respectively.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> During their tenures, Albania became a member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Aleksandër Meksi became prime minister on 13 April 1992 following the Democratic Party's victory in elections in March.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> His cabinet was dedicated to further advancing democratic and economic development and strengthening Albania's international connections.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> This commitment culminated to the nation's accession to the Council of Europe (CoE) in July 1995.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> However, the tenure of Meksi faced criticism for what some perceived as an increasingly authoritarian approach and allegations of corruption.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> One of the most notable events during his rule was the outbreak of the 1997 Albanian civil unrest that resulted in a humanitarian crisis and an international intervention.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>
Following the departure of Meksi on 25 March 1997, Bashkim Fino emerged as prime minister with a commitment to holding early elections in June.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Fatos Nano secured his second term as prime minister but faced several challenges, notably in assembling a cabinet, which led to his resignation.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Pandeli Majko succeeded Nano as prime minister on 28 September 1998 and focused on the preservation of public order and the fight against corruption and organised crime.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ICG">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His cabinet garnered approval for a new constitution through a referendum in November 1998, all amidst continued instability in, and a large influx of refugees from, Albanian-speaking Kosovo.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="ICG" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With the resignation of Majko on 29 October 1999, Ilir Meta emerged as prime minister and served until his resignation on 29 January 2002.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Following Majko's return for his second term on 7 February 2002, Nano assumed the mantle for his third term as prime minister until 3 July 2005.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In the July 2005 elections, Sali Berisha emerged as prime minister with a dedication to sustainable economic development and advancing Albania toward European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The tenure of Berisha achieved a major milestone when the nation secured NATO membership in April 2009.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, his leadership was marred by increasing allegations of corruption, misappropriation of public funds and interference in public processes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Edi Rama occupied the role as prime minister for three consecutive terms following his party's victory in the July 2013 elections.<ref name="Rama">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Rama2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Under his guidance, Albania achieved consistent economic growth and made continuous progress toward EU membership through a series of reforms aimed at socio-economic revitalisation, reinforcement of the rule of law, enhancement of the judicial system and transparency in governance.<ref name="Rama"/><ref name="Rama2"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Appointment
The process of selecting the prime minister of Albania begins with the conducting of general elections, in which the members of the parliament are elected through a proportional representation system for four-year terms.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Political parties or coalitions nominate their candidates for the members of parliament.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The leader of the party or coalition which secures the most seats in the parliament emerges as a contender for the role of the prime minister.Template:Sfn Once the election results receive official certification, the president extends an invitation to the leader of the party or coalition with the parliamentary majority, urging them to propose a candidate for the position.Template:Sfn The nominated candidate subsequently seeks approval from the parliament, with the members of the parliament casting their votes either in favor or against the proposed candidate.Template:Sfn The candidate must garner a majority of affirmative votes to secure appointment, thereby confirming their selection as the prime minister.Template:Sfn In the event that the appointed prime minister does not secure approval from the parliament, a 10-day window is provided for the president to nominate a new candidate.Template:Sfn If, once more, the parliament does not endorse this subsequent nominee, it is granted an additional 10-day period to designate an alternative prime minister.Template:Sfn If the parliament remains unable to successfully elect a new prime minister within these defined timeframes, the president retains the prerogative to dissolve the parliament.Template:Sfn
Before assuming the office, the prime minister-elect is mandated to partake in a formal oath-taking ceremony presided over by the president.Template:Sfn The ceremony, conducted in compliance with the guidelines of the constitution, marks the commencement of the minister's official functions. During the oath, the prime minister affirms their allegiance to the constitution and laws, making a commitment to fulfill the functions of their office and prioritise the welfare of the Albanian people:Template:Sfn
<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
Albanian: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
English: I swear that I will obey to the Constitution and laws of the nation, that I will respect the rights and freedoms of citizens, protect the independence of the Republic of Albania, and I will serve the general interest and the progress of the Albanian people. May God help me!{{#if:|
|}}{{#if:|
— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries
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Functions
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Located at Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard in Tirana, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} operates as the official workplace of the prime minister and assumes a central role in facilitating the functions of the prime minister and the council of ministers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AnastasiÇaniZaganjori">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn According to the constitution, the office of the prime minister holds an integral position in the executive arm of government as the head of government.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> One of the core functions of the prime minister is to form and lead the council of ministers, which include the deputy prime minister and several other ministers. The prime minister selects the members of the council and proposes their appointments for approval by the president.Template:Sfn The prime minister is also entrusted with the duty of formulating and presenting the principal general policies of the nation. This task involves ensuring the implementation of legislation endorsed by the council of ministers.Template:Sfn Further to these core functions, the prime minister takes on the office of coordinating and supervising the work of both the council and other significant institutions of the government. This ensures the efficient operation of the framework of the government, the resolution of potential conflicts among ministers, the issuance of necessary instructions and an overall contribution to the efficient administration of government functions.Template:Sfn
The prime minister has the ability to propose a motion of confidence to the parliament, focusing on significant matters related to bill or decision approval.Template:Sfn This motion cannot involve investigations, appointments, immunity or parliamentary functioning. The duration of debate is determined by the conference of chairpersons, with a minimum of 3 minutes per deputy. Voting occurs after at least 3 days from the presentation of the motion.Template:Sfn If the motion fails, the prime minister can request the dissolution of the parliament within 48 hours, with the president dissolving parliament within 10 days of the request. Importantly, a motion of confidence cannot be proposed during the consideration of a motion of no confidence.Template:Sfn When the prime minister is absent or incapacitated, the deputy prime minister assumes the role of second-in-command to maintain the uninterrupted functioning of the government.<ref name="AnastasiÇaniZaganjori"/> Their appointment and dismissal are determined by the council of ministers based on the recommendation of the prime minister.<ref name="Raundi5" />
List
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Timeline
This is a graphical lifespan timeline of the heads of government of Albania. They are listed in order of first assuming office.
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1100 height:auto barincrement:14 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:120 right:120 left:20 AlignBars = late
Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}
Colors =
id:period value:rgb(0,0,0)
id:Ind value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8) legend:Independent id:Pop value:rgb(0.518,0.749,0.498) legend:Popular_Party id:CP value:rgb(0,0.53,0.86) legend:Conservative_Party id:Prog value:rgb(1,0.502,0.502) legend:Progressive_Party id:PP value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.39) legend:People's_Party id:PFSH value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.2) legend:Fascist_Party id:BK value:rgb(0.45,0.35,0.31) legend:Balli_Kombëtar id:PPSH value:rgb(0.94,0.29,0.18) legend:Party_of_Labour_of_Albania id:PS value:rgb(0.36,0.08,0.71) legend:Socialist_Party_of_Albania id:PD value:rgb(0,0.32,0.61) legend:Democratic_Party_of_Albania
id:gray1 value:gray(0.85) id:gray2 value:gray(0.95)
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1912 till:31/12/{{#expr:{{#time:Y}}+1}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1915 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1912
Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:75 columnwidth:170
TextData =
pos:(20,78) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political party:"
BarData =
bar:Qemali bar:Permeti bar:Toptani bar:Delvina bar:Vrioni bar:Evangjeli bar:Koculi bar:Prishtina bar:Kosturi bar:Ypi bar:Zogu bar:Verlaci bar:Noli bar:Kotta bar:Frasheri bar:Kruja bar:Libohova bar:Bushati bar:Mitrovica bar:Dine bar:Bicakciu bar:Hoxha bar:Shehu bar:Carcani bar:Nano bar:Bufi bar:Ahmeti bar:Meksi bar:Fino bar:Majko bar:Meta bar:Berisha bar:Rama
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Qemali from: 28/11/1912 till: 22/01/1914 color:Ind text:"Ismail Qemali" bar:Permeti from: 14/03/1914 till: 03/09/1914 color:Ind from: 25/12/1918 till: 29/01/1920 color:Ind text:"Turhan Përmeti" bar:Toptani from: 05/10/1914 till: 27/02/1916 color:Ind text:"Essad Toptani" bar:Delvina from: 30/01/1920 till: 14/11/1920 color:Ind text:"Sulejman Delvina" bar:Vrioni from: 15/11/1920 till: 16/10/1921 color:Ind from: 31/05/1924 till: 10/06/1924 color:Ind text:"Ilias Vrioni" bar:Evangjeli from: 16/10/1921 till: 06/12/1921 color:Ind from: 06/03/1930 till: 16/10/1935 color:Ind text:"Pandeli Evangjeli" bar:Koculi from: 06/12/1921 till: 06/12/1921 color:Ind text:"Qazim Koculi" bar:Prishtina from: 07/12/1921 till: 12/12/1921 color:Ind text:"Hasan Prishtina" bar:Kosturi from: 12/12/1921 till: 24/12/1921 color:Ind text:"Idhomen Kosturi" bar:Ypi from: 24/12/1921 till: 02/12/1922 color:Pop text:"Xhafer Ypi" bar:Zogu from: 02/12/1922 till: 25/02/1924 color:CP from: 06/01/1925 till: 31/01/1925 color:CP text:"Ahmet Zogu" bar:Verlaci from: 03/03/1924 till: 27/05/1924 color:Prog from: 12/04/1939 till: 03/12/1941 color:PFSH text:"Shefqet Vërlaci" bar:Noli from: 16/06/1924 till: 24/12/1924 color:PP text:"Fan Noli" bar:Kotta from: 05/09/1928 till: 05/03/1930 color:Ind from: 09/11/1936 till: 07/04/1939 color:Ind text:"Kostaq Kotta" bar:Frasheri from: 21/10/1935 till: 07/11/1936 color:Ind text:"Mehdi Frashëri" bar:Kruja from: 04/12/1941 till: 04/01/1943 color:PFSH text:"Mustafa Merlika-Kruja" bar:Libohova from: 18/01/1943 till: 11/02/1943 color:PFSH from: 11/05/1943 till: 10/09/1943 color:PFSH text:"Ekrem Libohova" bar:Bushati from: 12/02/1943 till: 28/04/1943 color:PFSH text:"Maliq Bushati" bar:Mitrovica from: 05/11/1943 till: 16/06/1944 color:BK text:"Rexhep Mitrovica" bar:Dine from: 18/07/1944 till: 29/08/1944 color:BK text:"Fiqri Dine" bar:Bicakciu from: 29/08/1944 till: 20/10/1944 color:BK text:"Ibrahim Biçakçiu" bar:Hoxha from: 20/10/1944 till: 19/07/1954 color:PPSH text:"Enver Hoxha" bar:Shehu from: 19/07/1954 till: 17/12/1981 color:PPSH text:"Mehmet Shehu" bar:Carcani from: 18/12/1981 till: 22/02/1991 color:PPSH text:"Adil Çarçani" bar:Nano from: 22/02/1991 till: 04/06/1991 color:PS from: 25/07/1997 till: 28/09/1998 color:PS from: 24/07/2002 till: 08/09/2005 color:PS text:"Fatos Nano" bar:Bufi from: 04/06/1991 till: 10/12/1991 color:PS text:"Ylli Bufi" bar:Ahmeti from: 10/12/1991 till: 04/04/1992 color:PS text:"Vilson Ahmeti" bar:Meksi from: 13/04/1992 till: 25/03/1997 color:PD text:"Aleksandër Meksi" bar:Fino from: 13/03/1997 till: 25/07/1997 color:PS text:"Bashkim Fino" bar:Majko from: 28/09/1998 till: 29/10/1999 color:PS from: 07/02/2002 till: 24/07/2002 color:PS text:"Pandeli Majko" bar:Meta from: 29/10/1999 till: 29/01/2002 color:PS text:"Ilir Meta" bar:Berisha from: 08/09/2005 till: 11/09/2013 color:PD text:"Sali Berisha" bar:Rama from: 11/09/2013 till: $today color:PS text:"Edi Rama"
</timeline>
The following chart lists heads of government by lifespan (living heads of government on the green line), with the years outside of their tenure in beige. Heads of government with an unknown birth date or death date are shown with only their tenure or their earlier or later life.
<timeline> Define $width = 1000 # 2.78 pixels per year ($end - $start) × 2.78 Define $warning = 880 # $width - 120 Define $height = 1000 # 34 × 25 + 150 Define $footnote = 600 # $width - 400
Define $dy = -5 # shift text to button side of bar Define $start = 01/01/1840 # Just before eldest (Qemali) was born Define $end = 01/01/2030 # Next 5-year multiple after this year Define $now = {{#time:d/m/Y}}
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
ImageSize = width:$width height:$height PlotArea = right:10 left:1 bottom:80 top:60 Period = from:$start till:$end TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = orientation:vertical columns:1 left:0 top:50 columnwidth:500
Colors =
id:bg value:white
id:lightline value:rgb(0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
id:lighttext value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
id:LIFESPAN value:rgb(0.88, 0.90, 0.70) Legend: Lifespan
id:MONARCH value:rgb(0.67, 0.67, 0.67) Legend: Monarch
id:INDEPENDENT value:rgb(0.7, 0.7, 0.7) Legend: Independent
id:PPoSh value:rgb(0.52, 0.75, 0.5) Legend: Popular_Party_of_Albania
id:PKSh value:rgb(0, 0.53, 0.86) Legend: Conservative_Party_of_Albania
id:PPrSh value:rgb(1, 0.5, 0.5) Legend: Progressive_Party_of_Albania
id:PLSh value:rgb(0.95, 0.85, 0.39) Legend: Liberal_Party_of_Albania
id:PFSh value:rgb(0.2, 0.2, 0.2) Legend: Albanian_Fascist_Party
id:BK value:rgb(0.45, 0.35, 0.31) Legend: Balli_Kombëtar
id:PPuSh value:rgb(0.94, 0.29, 0.18) Legend: Party_of_Labour_of_Albania
id:PSSh value:rgb(0.37, 0.22, 0.58) Legend: Socialist_Party_of_Albania
id:PDSh value:rgb(0, 0.32, 0.61) Legend: Democratic_Party_of_Albania
id:NAME value:rgb(0.15, 0.13, 0.05)
id:TODAY value:green
BackgroundColors = canvas:bg ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:year increment:1 start:$start ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lighttext unit:year increment:10 start:01/01/1840
LineData=
at:$now color:TODAY width:0.1
PlotData=
bar:1 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:16/01/1844 till:04/12/1912 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ismail Qemali color:INDEPENDENT from:04/12/1912 till:22/01/1914 color:LIFESPAN from:22/01/1914 till:26/01/1919
bar:2 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:19/12/1846 till:14/03/1914 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Turhan Përmeti color:INDEPENDENT from:14/03/1914 till:03/09/1914 color:LIFESPAN from:03/09/1914 till:25/12/1918 color:INDEPENDENT from:25/12/1918 till:29/01/1920 color:LIFESPAN from:29/01/1920 till:18/02/1927
bar:3 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:01/01/1863 till:05/10/1914 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Essad Toptani color:INDEPENDENT from:05/10/1914 till:27/01/1916 color:LIFESPAN from:27/01/1916 till:13/06/1920
bar:4 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:05/10/1871 till:30/01/1920 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Sulejman Delvina color:INDEPENDENT from:30/01/1920 till:14/11/1920 color:LIFESPAN from:14/11/1920 till:01/08/1932
bar:5 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:01/01/1882 till:15/11/1920 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ilias Vrioni color:INDEPENDENT from:15/11/1920 till:16/10/1921 color:LIFESPAN from:16/10/1921 till:31/05/1924 color:INDEPENDENT from:31/05/1924 till:10/06/1924 color:LIFESPAN from:10/06/1924 till:12/03/1932
bar:6 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:06/01/1859 till:16/10/1921 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Pandeli Evangjeli color:INDEPENDENT from:16/10/1921 till:06/12/1921 color:LIFESPAN from:06/12/1921 till:06/03/1930 color:INDEPENDENT from:06/03/1930 till:16/10/1935 color:LIFESPAN from:16/10/1935 till:14/09/1949
bar:7 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:22/08/1887 till:06/12/1921 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Qazim Koculi color:INDEPENDENT from:06/12/1921 till:06/12/1921 color:LIFESPAN from:06/12/1921 till:02/01/1943
bar:8 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:27/09/1873 till:07/12/1921 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Hasan Prishtina color:INDEPENDENT from:07/12/1921 till:12/12/1921 color:LIFESPAN from:12/12/1921 till:13/08/1933
bar:9 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:15/05/1873 till:12/12/1921 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Idhomen Kosturi color:INDEPENDENT from:12/12/1921 till:24/12/1921 color:LIFESPAN from:24/12/1921 till:05/11/1943
bar:10 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:12/01/1880 till:24/12/1921 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Xhafer Ypi color:PPoSh from:24/12/1921 till:02/12/1922 color:LIFESPAN from:02/12/1922 till:17/12/1940
bar:11 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:08/10/1895 till:02/12/1922 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ahmet Zogu color:PKSh from:02/12/1922 till:25/02/1924 color:LIFESPAN from:25/02/1924 till:06/01/1925 color:PKSh from:06/01/1925 till:31/01/1925 color:LIFESPAN from:31/01/1925 till:09/04/1961
bar:12 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:15/12/1877 till:03/03/1924 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Shefqet Vërlaci color:PPrSh from:03/03/1924 till:27/05/1924 color:LIFESPAN from:27/05/1924 till:12/04/1939 color:PFSh from:12/04/1939 till:03/12/1941 color:LIFESPAN from:03/12/1941 till:21/07/1946
bar:13 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:06/01/1882 till:16/06/1924 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Fan Noli color:PLSh from:16/06/1924 till:24/12/1924 color:LIFESPAN from:24/12/1924 till:13/03/1965
bar:14 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:05/05/1886 till:05/09/1928 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Kostaq Kotta color:INDEPENDENT from:05/09/1928 till:05/03/1930 color:LIFESPAN from:05/03/1930 till:09/11/1936 color:INDEPENDENT from:09/11/1936 till:07/04/1939 color:LIFESPAN from:07/04/1939 till:01/09/1947
bar:15 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:28/02/1872 till:21/10/1935 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Mehdi Frashëri color:INDEPENDENT from:21/10/1935 till:07/11/1936 color:LIFESPAN from:07/11/1936 till:25/05/1963
bar:16 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:15/03/1887 till:04/12/1941 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Mustafa Merlika-Kruja color:PFSh from:04/12/1941 till:04/01/1943 color:LIFESPAN from:04/01/1943 till:27/12/1958
bar:17 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:24/02/1882 till:18/01/1943 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ekrem Libohova color:PFSh from:18/01/1943 till:11/02/1943 color:LIFESPAN from:11/02/1943 till:11/05/1943 color:PFSh from:11/05/1943 till:10/09/1943 color:LIFESPAN from:10/09/1943 till:07/06/1948
bar:18 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:08/02/1890 till:12/02/1943 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Maliq Bushati color:PFSh from:12/02/1943 till:28/04/1943 color:LIFESPAN from:28/04/1943 till:20/02/1946
bar:19 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:15/01/1888 till:05/11/1943 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Rexhep Mitrovica color:BK from:05/11/1943 till:16/06/1944 color:LIFESPAN from:16/06/1944 till:21/05/1967
bar:20 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:05/05/1897 till:18/07/1944 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Fiqri Dine color:BK from:18/07/1944 till:28/08/1944 color:LIFESPAN from:28/08/1944 till:26/11/1960
bar:21 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:10/09/1905 till:06/09/1944 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ibrahim Biçakçiu color:BK from:06/09/1944 till:25/10/1944 color:LIFESPAN from:25/10/1944 till:04/01/1977
bar:22 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:16/10/1908 till:10/11/1944 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Enver Hoxha color:PPuSh from:10/11/1944 till:20/07/1954 color:LIFESPAN from:20/07/1954 till:11/04/1985
bar:23 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:10/01/1913 till:20/07/1954 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Mehmet Shehu color:PPuSh from:20/07/1954 till:17/12/1981
bar:24 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:05/05/1922 till:04/01/1982 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Adil Çarçani color:PPuSh from:04/01/1982 till:22/02/1991 color:LIFESPAN from:22/02/1991 till:13/10/1997
bar:25 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:16/09/1952 till:22/02/1991 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Fatos Nano color:PSSh from:22/02/1991 till:04/06/1991 color:LIFESPAN from:04/06/1991 till:25/07/1997 color:PSSh from:25/07/1997 till:28/09/1998 color:LIFESPAN from:28/09/1998 till:24/07/2002 color:PSSh from:24/07/2002 till:08/09/2005 color:LIFESPAN from:08/09/2005 till:31/10/2025
bar:26 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:25/05/1948 till:05/06/1991 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ylli Bufi color:PSSh from:05/06/1991 till:10/12/1991 color:LIFESPAN from:10/12/1991 till:$now
bar:27 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:05/09/1951 till:10/12/1991 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Vilson Ahmeti color:PSSh from:10/12/1991 till:04/04/1992 color:LIFESPAN from:04/04/1992 till:$now
bar:28 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:08/03/1939 till:13/04/1992 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Aleksandër Meksi color:PDSh from:13/04/1992 till:25/03/1997 color:LIFESPAN from:25/03/1997 till:$now
bar:29 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:12/10/1962 till:13/03/1997 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Bashkim Fino color:PSSh from:13/03/1997 till:25/07/1997 color:LIFESPAN from:25/07/1997 till:29/03/2021
bar:30 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:15/11/1967 till:28/09/1998 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Pandeli Majko color:PSSh from:28/09/1998 till:29/10/1999 color:LIFESPAN from:29/10/1999 till:07/02/2002 color:PSSh from:07/02/2002 till:24/07/2002 color:LIFESPAN from:24/07/2002 till:$now
bar:31 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:24/03/1969 till:29/10/1999 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Ilir Meta color:PSSh from:29/10/1999 till:29/01/2002 color:LIFESPAN from:29/01/2002 till:$now
bar:32 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:15/10/1944 till:08/09/2005 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Sali Berisha color:PDSh from:08/09/2005 till:11/09/2013 color:LIFESPAN from:11/09/2013 till:$now
bar:33 width:18 color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M from:04/07/1964 till:11/09/2013 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Edi Rama color:PSSh from:11/09/2013 till:$now
TextData =
fontsize:M textcolor:green pos:($warning,30) text:Updated 04/2026
TextData =
pos:(340,$height) fontsize:L textcolor:black text:"Lifespan of each Albanian head of government"</timeline>
The following chart shows heads of government by their age (living heads of government in green), with the years of their tenure in blue. Heads of government with an unknown birth or death date are excluded. The vertical black line at 18 years indicates the minimum age to be a member of the Parliament of Albania—which is required to be prime minister—as of now.
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000 height:600 PlotArea = width:900 height:550 left:80 bottom:30 AlignBars = justify
Colors =
id:pre value:rgb(0.7,0.7,0.7) # grey id:pres value:rgb(0,0,1) # blue id:post value:rgb(0.7,0.7,0.7) # grey id:alive value:rgb(0.5,0.8,0.5) # green
Period = from:0 till:91.5 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:black unit:year increment:10 start:0 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:0
PlotData=
align:center width:8 shift:(0,-0)
bar:Qemali color:pre from:0 till:68.88 bar:Qemali color:pres from:68.88 till:70.02 bar:Qemali color:post from:70.02 till:75.03
bar:Përmeti color:pre from:0 till:67.23 bar:Përmeti color:pres from:67.23 till:67.71 bar:Përmeti color:post from:67.71 till:72.02 bar:Përmeti color:pres from:72.02 till:73.11 bar:Përmeti color:post from:73.11 till:80.17
bar:Toptani color:pre from:0 till:51.76 bar:Toptani color:pres from:51.76 till:53.07 bar:Toptani color:post from:53.07 till:57.45
bar:Delvina color:pre from:0 till:48.32 bar:Delvina color:pres from:48.32 till:49.11 bar:Delvina color:post from:49.11 till:60.83
bar:Vrioni color:pre from:0 till:38.87 bar:Vrioni color:pres from:38.87 till:39.79 bar:Vrioni color:post from:39.79 till:42.42 bar:Vrioni color:pres from:42.42 till:42.44 bar:Vrioni color:post from:42.44 till:50.2
bar:Evangjeli color:pre from:0 till:62.78 bar:Evangjeli color:pres from:62.78 till:62.92 bar:Evangjeli color:post from:62.92 till:71.16 bar:Evangjeli color:pres from:71.16 till:76.78 bar:Evangjeli color:post from:76.78 till:90.69
bar:Koculi color:pre from:0 till:34.29 bar:Koculi color:pres from:34.29 till:34.29 bar:Koculi color:post from:34.29 till:55.36
bar:Prishtina color:pre from:0 till:48.19 bar:Prishtina color:pres from:48.19 till:48.21 bar:Prishtina color:post from:48.21 till:59.88
bar:Kosturi color:pre from:0 till:48.58 bar:Kosturi color:pres from:48.58 till:48.61 bar:Kosturi color:post from:48.61 till:70.48
bar:Ypi color:pre from:0 till:41.95 bar:Ypi color:pres from:41.95 till:42.89 bar:Ypi color:post from:42.89 till:60.93
bar:Zogu color:pre from:0 till:27.15 bar:Zogu color:pres from:27.15 till:28.38 bar:Zogu color:post from:28.38 till:29.25 bar:Zogu color:pres from:29.25 till:29.32 bar:Zogu color:post from:29.32 till:65.5
bar:Vërlaci color:pre from:0 till:46.22 bar:Vërlaci color:pres from:46.22 till:46.45 bar:Vërlaci color:post from:46.45 till:61.32 bar:Vërlaci color:pres from:61.32 till:63.97 bar:Vërlaci color:post from:63.97 till:68.6
bar:Noli color:pre from:0 till:42.44 bar:Noli color:pres from:42.44 till:42.96 bar:Noli color:post from:42.96 till:83.18
bar:Kotta color:pre from:0 till:42.34 bar:Kotta color:pres from:42.34 till:43.83 bar:Kotta color:post from:43.83 till:50.52 bar:Kotta color:pres from:50.52 till:52.92 bar:Kotta color:post from:52.92 till:61.33
bar:Frashëri color:pre from:0 till:63.64 bar:Frashëri color:pres from:63.64 till:64.69 bar:Frashëri color:post from:64.69 till:91.24
bar:Merlika-Kruja color:pre from:0 till:54.72 bar:Merlika-Kruja color:pres from:54.72 till:55.81 bar:Merlika-Kruja color:post from:55.81 till:71.78
bar:Libohova color:pre from:0 till:60.9 bar:Libohova color:pres from:60.9 till:60.96 bar:Libohova color:post from:60.96 till:61.21 bar:Libohova color:pres from:61.21 till:61.62 bar:Libohova color:post from:61.62 till:66.28
bar:Bushati color:pre from:0 till:53.01 bar:Bushati color:pres from:53.01 till:53.22 bar:Bushati color:post from:53.22 till:56.03
bar:Mitrovica color:pre from:0 till:55.81 bar:Mitrovica color:pres from:55.81 till:56.42 bar:Mitrovica color:post from:56.42 till:79.35
bar:Dine color:pre from:0 till:47.2 bar:Dine color:pres from:47.2 till:47.32 bar:Dine color:post from:47.32 till:63.56
bar:Biçakçiu color:pre from:0 till:38.99 bar:Biçakçiu color:pres from:38.99 till:39.13 bar:Biçakçiu color:post from:39.13 till:71.32
bar:Hoxha color:pre from:0 till:36.07 bar:Hoxha color:pres from:36.01 till:45.76 bar:Hoxha color:post from:45.76 till:76.48
bar:Shehu color:pre from:0 till:41.52 bar:Shehu color:pres from:41.52 till:68.93
bar:Çarçani color:pre from:0 till:59.67 bar:Çarçani color:pres from:59.67 till:68.8 bar:Çarçani color:post from:68.8 till:75.44
bar:Nano color:pre from:0 till:38.43 bar:Nano color:pres from:38.43 till:38.71 bar:Nano color:post from:38.71 till:44.85 bar:Nano color:pres from:44.85 till:46.03 bar:Nano color:post from:46.03 till:49.85 bar:Nano color:pres from:49.85 till:52.98 bar:Nano color:post from:52.98 till:73.12
bar:Bufi color:alive from:0 till:43.03 bar:Bufi color:pres from:43.03 till:43.54 bar:Bufi color:alive from:43.54 till:Template:A.y
bar:Ahmeti color:alive from:0 till:40.26 bar:Ahmeti color:pres from:40.26 till:40.58 bar:Ahmeti color:alive from:40.58 till:Template:A.y
bar:Meksi color:alive from:0 till:53.1 bar:Meksi color:pres from:53.1 till:58.47 bar:Meksi color:alive from:58.47 till:Template:A.y
bar:Fino color:pre from:0 till:34.42 bar:Fino color:pres from:34.42 till:34.78 bar:Fino color:post from:34.78 till:58.46
bar:Majko color:alive from:0 till:30.87 bar:Majko color:pres from:30.87 till:31.95 bar:Majko color:alive from:31.95 till:34.23 bar:Majko color:pres from:34.23 till:34.69 bar:Majko color:alive from:34.69 till:Template:A.y
bar:Meta color:alive from:0 till:30.6 bar:Meta color:pres from:30.6 till:32.85 bar:Meta color:alive from:32.85 till:Template:A.y
bar:Berisha color:alive from:0 till:60.9 bar:Berisha color:pres from:60.9 till:68.9 bar:Berisha color:alive from:68.9 till:Template:A.y
bar:Rama color:alive from:0 till:49.19 bar:Rama color:pres from:49.19 till:Template:A.y
LineData=
layer:front at:18 width:1.5 color:black # Minimum age to be Prime Minister
</timeline>
See also
Notes
References
Sources
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Template:Prime ministers of Albania Template:Albania topics Template:Heads of state and government of Europe Template:Prime ministers