Tyrant flycatcher

The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) comprise a family of passerine birds which is found virtually throughout North and South America. It is the world's largest family of birds, with more than 400 species, and is the most diverse avian family in every country in the Americas, except for the United States and Canada. The members vary greatly in shape, patterns, size, and colors. Some tyrant flycatchers may superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, which they are named after but are not closely related to. The Tyrannidae is a member of suborder Tyranni (suboscines), a group that lacks the sophisticated vocal capabilities of most other songbirds.<ref name="HBW9">del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (editors). (2004) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions. Template:ISBN</ref>

A number of species previously included in this family are now placed in the family Tityridae (see Systematics). Sibley and Alquist in their 1990 bird taxonomy had the genera Mionectes, Leptopogon, Pseudotriccus, Poecilotriccus, Taenotriccus, Hemitriccus, Todirostrum and Corythopis as a separate family Pipromorphidae,<ref name=rheindt2008>Template:Cite journal</ref> but although it is still thought that these genera are basal to most of the family, they are not each other's closest relatives.<ref name=rheindt2008/>

Description

Most species are rather plain, with various hues of brown, gray and white commonplace, often providing some degree of presumed camouflage. Obvious exceptions include the bright red vermilion flycatcher, blue, black, white and yellow many-colored rush-tyrant and some species of tody-flycatchers or tyrants, which are often yellow, black, white and/or rufous, from the Todirostrum, Hemitriccus and Poecilotriccus genera. Several species have bright yellow underparts, from the ornate flycatcher to the great kiskadee. Some species have erectile crests. Several of the large genera (i.e. Elaenia, Myiarchus or Empidonax) are quite difficult to tell apart in the field due to similar plumage and some are best distinguished by their voices. Behaviorally, they can vary from species such as spadebills which are tiny, shy and live in dense forest interiors to kingbirds, which are relatively large, bold, inquisitive and often inhabit open areas near human habitations. As the name implies, a great majority of tyrant flycatchers are almost entirely insectivorous (though not necessarily specialized in flies). Tyrant flycatchers are largely opportunistic feeders and often catch any flying or arboreal insect they encounter. However, food can vary greatly and some (like the large great kiskadee) will eat fruit or small vertebrates (e.g. small frogs). In North America, most species are associated with a "sallying" feeding style, where they fly up to catch an insect directly from their perch and then immediately return to the same perch. Most tropical species, however, do not feed in this fashion and several types prefer to glean insects from leaves and bark. Tropical species are sometimes found in mixed-species foraging flocks, where various types of passerines and other smallish birds are found feeding in proximity.

The smallest family members are the closely related short-tailed pygmy tyrant and black-capped pygmy tyrant from the genus Myiornis (the first species usually being considered marginally smaller on average). These species reach a total length of Template:Convert and a weight of Template:Convert. By length, they are the smallest passerines on earth, although some species of Old World warblers apparently rival them in their minuscule mean body masses if not in total length.<ref name = "CRC">CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008), Template:ISBN.</ref> The minuscule size and very short tail of the Myiornis pygmy tyrants often lend them a resemblance to a tiny ball or insect. The largest tyrant flycatcher is the great shrike-tyrant at Template:Convert and Template:Convert. A few species such as the streamer-tailed tyrant, scissor-tailed flycatcher and fork-tailed flycatcher have a larger total length — up to Template:Convert in the fork-tailed flycatcher at least — but this is mainly due to their extremely long tails; the fork-tailed flycatcher has the longest tail feathers of any known bird relative to their size (this being in reference to true tail feathers, not to be confused with elongated tail streamers as seen in some from the Phasianidae family of galliforms).<ref name = "BirdAlmanac"/>

Habitat and distribution

Species richness of Tyrannidae, when compared to habitat, is highly variable, although most every land habitat in the Americas has at least some of these birds. The habitats of tropical lowland evergreen forest and montane evergreen forest have the highest single site species diversity while many habitats including rivers, palm forest, white sand forest, tropical deciduous forest edge, southern temperate forest, southern temperate forest edge, semi-humid/humid montane scrub, and northern temperate grassland have the lowest single species diversity. The variation between the highest and the lowest is extreme; ninety species can be found in the tropical lowland evergreen forests while the number of species that can be found in the habitats listed above typically are in the single digits. This may be due in part to the fewer niches found in certain areas and therefore fewer places for the species to occupy.

Tyrannidae specialization among habitats is very strong in tropical lowland evergreen forests and montane evergreen forests. These habitat types, therefore, display the greatest specialization. The counts differ by three species (tropical lowland evergreen forests have 49 endemic species and montane evergreen forests have 46 endemic species). It can be assumed that they both have similar levels of specialization.

Regionally, the Atlantic Forest has the highest species richness with the Chocó following closely behind.

Status and conservation

The northern beardless tyrannulet (Camptostoma imberbe) is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918.<ref>"List of Migratory Bird Species Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act as of December 2, 2013" Template:Webarchive U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</ref> This species is common south of the US border. The situation for a number of other species from South and Central America is far more problematic. In 2007, BirdLife International (and consequently IUCN) considered two species, the Minas Gerais tyrannulet and Kaempfer's tody-tyrant critically endangered. Both are endemic to Brazil. Additionally, seven species were considered endangered and eighteen species vulnerable.<ref>BirdLife International (2007). Species factsheets. Accessed 12 December 2007 available online Template:Webarchive</ref>

Systematics

The family's name is derived from an early description of the eastern kingbird as "the tyrant" by naturalist Mark Catesby in the 1730s. Carl Linnaeus adopted that name for the entire family Tyrannidae, because he admired Catesby's work.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

The family contains 441 species divided into 104 genera.<ref name=avilist>Template:Cite web</ref> A full list, sortable by common and binomial names, is at list of tyrant flycatcher species. Species in the genera Tityra, Pachyramphus, Laniocera and Xenopsaris were formerly placed in this family, but evidence suggested they belong in their own family, the Tityridae,<ref>Adopt the Family Tityridae Template:Webarchive – South American Classification Committee (2007)</ref> where they are now placed by SACC.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Piprites pileata - Black-capped Piprites (Male) 01.JPG	Piprites Template:Small	Wing-barred piprites, Piprites chloris Grey-headed piprites, Piprites griseiceps Black-capped piprites, Piprites pileata
File:PIOLHINHO (Phyllomyias fasciatus).jpg	Phyllomyias Template:Small	Planalto tyrannulet, Phyllomyias fasciatus Yungas tyrannulet, Phyllomyias weedeni Greenish tyrannulet, Phyllomyias virescens Reiser's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias reiseri Urich's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias urichi Sclater's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias sclateri Grey-capped tyrannulet, Phyllomyias griseocapilla Sooty-headed tyrannulet, Phyllomyias griseiceps Plumbeous-crowned tyrannulet, Phyllomyias plumbeiceps
File:Phyllomyias burmeisteri - Rough-legged tyrannulet; Extrema, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg	Acrochordopus Template:Small	Rough-legged tyrannulet, Acrochordopus burmeisteri White-fronted tyrannulet, Acrochordopus zeledoni
File:Ashy-headed Tyrannulet - South Ecuador S4E8985 (16250969804) (cropped).jpg	Tyranniscus Template:Small	Black-capped tyrannulet, Tyranniscus nigrocapillus Ashy-headed tyrannulet, Tyranniscus cinereiceps Tawny-rumped tyrannulet, Tyranniscus uropygialis
File:Tyrannulus elatus Tiranuelo coronado Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet (6515681957).jpg	Tyrannulus Template:Small	Yellow-crowned tyrannulet,Tyrannulus elatus
File:Myiopagis cotta 1.jpg	Myiopagis Template:Small	Gray-headed elaenia, Myiopagis caniceps Choco elaenia, Myiopagis parambae Amazonian elaenia, Myiopagis cinerea Jamaican elaenia, Myiopagis cotta Yellow-crowned elaenia, Myiopagis flavivertex Forest elaenia, Myiopagis gaimardii Foothill elaenia, Myiopagis olallai Pacific elaenia, Myiopagis subplacens Greenish elaenia, Myiopagis viridicata
File:Elaenia spectabilis-Large Elaenia.JPG	Elaenia Template:Small	Yellow-bellied elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster Caribbean elaenia, Elaenia martinica Large elaenia, Elaenia spectabilis Noronha elaenia, Elaenia ridleyana White-crested elaenia, Elaenia albiceps Chilean elaenia, Elaenia chilensis Small-billed elaenia, Elaenia parvirostris Olivaceous elaenia, Elaenia mesoleuca Slaty elaenia, Elaenia strepera Mottle-backed elaenia, Elaenia gigas Brownish elaenia, Elaenia pelzelni Plain-crested elaenia, Elaenia cristata Lesser elaenia, Elaenia chiriquensis Coopmans's elaenia, Elaenia brachyptera Rufous-crowned elaenia, Elaenia ruficeps Mountain elaenia, Elaenia frantzii Highland elaenia, Elaenia obscura Small-headed elaenia, Elaenia sordida Great elaenia, Elaenia dayi Sierran elaenia, Elaenia pallatangae Tepui elaenia, Elaenia olivina Greater Antillean elaenia, Elaenia fallax
File:Brown-capped Tyrannulet (Ornithion brunneicapillus) (8079747729).jpg	Ornithion Template:Small	Brown-capped tyrannulet, Ornithion brunneicapillus White-lored tyrannulet, Ornithion inerme Yellow-bellied tyrannulet, Ornithion semiflavum
File:Camptostoma obsoletum obsoletum - Southern beardless tyrannulet.jpg	Camptostoma Template:Small	Northern beardless tyrannulet, Camptostoma imberbe Southern beardless tyrannulet, Camptostoma obsoletum
File:Suiriri suiriri - Suiriri flycatcher Argentina.jpg	Suiriri Template:Small	Suiriri flycatcher, Suiriri suiriri
File:Mecocerculus hellmayri - Buff-banded tyrannulet.jpg	Mecocerculus Template:Small	White-throated tyrannulet, Mecocerculus leucophrys White-tailed tyrannulet, Mecocerculus poecilocercus Buff-banded tyrannulet, Mecocerculus hellmayri Rufous-winged tyrannulet, Mecocerculus calopterus Sulphur-bellied tyrannulet, Mecocerculus minor White-banded tyrannulet, Mecocerculus stictopterus
File:Tufted Tit-Tyrant.jpg	Anairetes Template:Small	Ash-breasted tit-tyrant, Anairetes alpinus Black-crested tit-tyrant, Anairetes nigrocristatus Pied-crested tit-tyrant, Anairetes reguloides Yellow-billed tit-tyrant, Anairetes flavirostris Juan Fernández tit-tyrant, Anairetes fernandezianus Tufted tit-tyrant, Anairetes parulus
File:Anairetes agilis.jpg	Uromyias Template:Small	Agile tit-tyrant, Uromyias agilis Unstreaked tit-tyrant, Uromyias agraphia
File:Serpophaga subcristata -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg	Serpophaga Template:Small	Torrent tyrannulet, Serpophaga cinerea River tyrannulet, Serpophaga hypoleuca Sooty tyrannulet, Serpophaga nigricans White-crested tyrannulet, Serpophaga subcristata Straneck's tyrannulet, Serpophaga griseicapilla
File:Phaeomyias murina1.jpg	Nesotriccus Template:Small	Mouse-colored tyrannulet, Nesotriccus murinus Cocos tyrannulet, Nesotriccus ridgwayi Tumbesian tyrannulet, Nesotriccus tumbezanus Maranon tyrannulet, Nesotriccus maranonicus
File:Capsiempis flaveola -Costa Rica-8 (1).jpg	Capsiempis Template:Small	Yellow tyrannulet, Capsiempis flaveola
File:Polystictus superciliaris - Grey-backed Tachuri.JPG	Polystictus Template:Small	Bearded tachuri, Polystictus pectoralis Grey-backed tachuri, Polystictus superciliaris
File:Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana - Dinelli's doradito.jpg	Pseudocolopteryx Template:Small	Crested doradito, Pseudocolopteryx sclateri Subtropical doradito, Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis Dinelli's doradito, Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana Warbling doradito, Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris Ticking doradito, Pseudocolopteryx citreola
File:Pseudotriccus ruficeps -NBII Image Gallery-a00198.jpg	Pseudotriccus Template:Small	Bronze-olive pygmy tyrant, Pseudotriccus pelzelni Rufous-headed pygmy tyrant, Pseudotriccus ruficeps Hazel-fronted pygmy tyrant, Pseudotriccus simplex
File:Corythopis delalandi -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg	Corythopis Template:Small	Ringed antpipit, Corythopis torquatus Southern antpipit, Corythopis delalandi
File:Rufous-sided Pygmy-tyrant Euscarthmus rufomarginatus.jpg	Euscarthmus Template:Small	Fulvous-crowned scrub tyrant, Euscarthmus meloryphus Fulvous-faced scrub tyrant, Euscarthmus fulviceps Rufous-sided scrub tyrant, Euscarthmus rufomarginatus
File:Pseudelaenia leucospodia - Gray-and-white Tyrannulet (cropped).jpg	Pseudelaenia Template:Small	Grey-and-white tyrannulet, Pseudelaenia leucospodia
File:Stigmatura budytoides - Greater wagtail tyrant.JPG	Stigmatura Template:Small	Lesser wagtail-tyrant, Stigmatura napensis Bahia wagtail-tyrant, Stigmatura bahiae Greater wagtail-tyrant, Stigmatura budytoides Caatinga wagtail-tyrant, Stigmatura (budytoides) gracilis
File:Golden-faced Tyrannulet - Colombia S4E9917.jpg	Zimmerius Template:Small	Guatemalan tyrannulet, Zimmerius vilissimus Mistletoe tyrannulet, Zimmerius parvus Spectacled tyrannulet, Zimmerius improbus Venezuelan tyrannulet, Zimmerius petersi Bolivian tyrannulet, Zimmerius bolivianus Red-billed tyrannulet, Zimmerius cinereicapilla Mishana tyrannulet, Zimmerius villarejoi Chico's tyrannulet, Zimmerius chicomendesi Slender-footed tyrannulet, Zimmerius gracilipes Guianan tyrannulet, Zimmerius acer Golden-faced tyrannulet Zimmerius chrysops Coopmans's tyrannulet, Zimmerius minimus Choco tyrannulet, Zimmerius albigularis Loja tyrannulet, Zimmerius flavidifrons Peruvian tyrannulet, Zimmerius viridiflavus
File:Phylloscartes poecilotis (Atrapamoscas variegado) - Flickr - Alejandro Bayer (1).jpg	Pogonotriccus Template:Small	Variegated bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus poecilotis Chapman's bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus chapmani Marble-faced bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus Spectacled bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus orbitalis Venezuelan bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus venezuelanus Antioquia bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus lanyoni Southern bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus eximius São Paulo bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus paulista Serra do Mar bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus difficilis
File:Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet - Manu NP - Perù 7710 (16666057107).jpg	Phylloscartes Template:Small	Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet, Phylloscartes ventralis Alagoas tyrannulet, Phylloscartes ceciliae Restinga tyrannulet, Phylloscartes kronei Bahia tyrannulet, Phylloscartes beckeri Panama tyrannulet, Phylloscartes flavovirens Olive-green tyrannulet, Phylloscartes virescens Ecuadorian tyrannulet, Phylloscartes gualaquizae Black-fronted tyrannulet, Phylloscartes nigrifrons Rufous-browed tyrannulet, Phylloscartes superciliaris Rufous-lored tyrannulet, Phylloscartes flaviventris Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet, Phylloscartes parkeri Minas Gerais tyrannulet, Phylloscartes roquettei Oustalet's tyrannulet, Phylloscartes oustaleti Bay-ringed tyrannulet, Phylloscartes sylviolus
File:Mionectes rufiventris.jpg	Mionectes Template:Small	Streak-necked flycatcher, Mionectes striaticollis Olive-striped flycatcher, Mionectes galbinus Olive-streaked flycatcher, Mionectes olivaceus Ochre-bellied flycatcher, Mionectes oleagineus McConnell's flycatcher, Mionectes macconnelli Sierra de Lema flycatcher, Mionectes roraimae Grey-hooded flycatcher, Mionectes rufiventris
File:Leptopogon amaurocephalus -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg	Leptopogon Template:Small	Rufous-breasted flycatcher, Leptopogon rufipectus Inca flycatcher, Leptopogon taczanowskii Sepia-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon amaurocephalus Slaty-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon superciliaris
File:Suiriri islerorum - Chapada Flycatcher.JPG	Guyramemua Template:Small	Chapada flycatcher, Guyramemua affine
File:Sublegatus modestus - Southern scrub flycatcher.JPG	Sublegatus Template:Small	Northern scrub flycatcher, Sublegatus arenarum Southern scrub flycatcher, Sublegatus modestus Amazonian scrub flycatcher, Sublegatus obscurior
File:Inezia subflava - Amazonian inezia, Anavilhanas National Park, Novo Airão, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg	Inezia Template:Small	Slender-billed inezia, Inezia tenuirostris Plain inezia, Inezia inornata Amazonian inezia, Inezia subflava Pale-tipped inezia, Inezia caudata
File:Myiophobus fasciatus 54670465.jpg	Myiophobus Template:Small	Olive-chested flycatcher, Myiophobus cryptoxanthus Flavescent flycatcher, Myiophobus flavicans Unadorned flycatcher, Myiophobus inornatus Orange-crested flycatcher, Myiophobus phoenicomitra Roraiman flycatcher, Myiophobus roraimae Bran-colored flycatcher, Myiophobus fasciatus Mouse-gray flycatcher, Myiophobus crypterythrus Rufescent flycatcher, Myiophobus rufescens
File:Myiophobus pulcher (Atrapamoscas musguero) - Flickr - Alejandro Bayer.jpg	Nephelomyias Template:Small	Orange-banded flycatcher, Nephelomyias lintoni Ochraceous-breasted flycatcher, Nephelomyias ochraceiventris Handsome flycatcher, Nephelomyias pulcher
File:Ornate Flycatcher - South Ecuador S4E0633.jpg	Myiotriccus Template:Small	Ornate flycatcher, Myiotriccus ornatus
File:Tachuris rubrigastra - Many-coloured rush-tyrant.JPG	Tachuris Template:Small	Many-colored rush tyrant, Tachuris rubrigastra
File:Culicivora caudacuta Sharp-tailed Tyrant.JPG	Culicivora Template:Small	Sharp-tailed grass tyrant, Culicivora caudacuta
File:Hemitriccus striaticollis - Stripe-necked Tody Tyrant; Arari; Maranhão, Brazil.jpg	Hemitriccus Template:Small	Snethlage's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus minor Boat-billed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus josephinae Flammulated bamboo tyrant, Hemitriccus flammulatus Drab-breasted bamboo tyrant, Hemitriccus diops Brown-breasted bamboo tyrant, Hemitriccus obsoletus White-eyed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus zosterops Zimmer's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus minimus Eye-ringed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus orbitatus Johannes's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus iohannis Stripe-necked tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus striaticollis Hangnest tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus nidipendulus Yungas tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus spodiops Pearly-vented tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Pelzeln's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus inornatus Black-throated tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus granadensis Buff-throated tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus rufigularis Cinnamon-breasted tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus Buff-breasted tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus mirandae Kaempfer's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus kaempferi Fork-tailed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus furcatus White-bellied tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus griseipectus Acre tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus cohnhafti
File:Myiornis auricularis 1.jpg	Myiornis Template:Small	White-bellied pygmy tyrant, Myiornis albiventris Eared pygmy tyrant, Myiornis auricularis Black-capped pygmy tyrant, Myiornis atricapillus Short-tailed pygmy tyrant, Myiornis ecaudatus
File:Southern Bentbill.jpg	Oncostoma Template:Small	Northern bentbill, Oncostoma cinereigulare Southern bentbill, Oncostoma olivaceum
File:Lophotriccus galeatus - Helmeted Pygmy Tyrant, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil 02.jpg	Lophotriccus Template:Small	Scale-crested pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus pileatus Double-banded pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus vitiosus Long-crested pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus eulophotes Helmeted pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus galeatus
File:Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant.jpg	Atalotriccus Template:Small	Pale-eyed pygmy tyrant, Atalotriccus pilaris
File:Poecilotriccus ruficeps (Tiranuelo capirrufo) (14450043293).jpg	Poecilotriccus Template:Small	Rufous-crowned tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus ruficeps Lulu's tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus luluae White-cheeked tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus albifacies Black-and-white tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus capitalis Buff-cheeked tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus senex Ruddy tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus russatus Ochre-faced tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps Smoky-fronted tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus fumifrons Rusty-fronted tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus latirostris Slaty-headed tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus sylvia Golden-winged tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus calopterus Black-backed tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus pulchellus
File:Taeniotriccus andrei - Black-chested Tyrant (male), Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil.jpg	Taeniotriccus Template:Small	Black-chested tyrant, Taeniotriccus andrei
File:Todirostrum poliocephalum3.jpg	Todirostrum – typical tody-flycatchers Template:Small	Spotted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum maculatum Yellow-lored tody-flycatcher or grey-headed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum poliocephalum Maracaibo tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum viridanum Black-headed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum nigriceps Painted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum pictum Common tody-flycatcher or black-fronted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum Yellow-browed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum
File:Cnipodectes subbrunneus - Brownish twistwing, Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg	Cnipodectes Template:Small	Brownish twistwing, Cnipodectes subbrunneus Rufous twistwing, Cnipodectes superrufus
File:Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus - Fulvous-breasted Flatbill - 3.jpg	Rhynchocyclus Template:Small	Eye-ringed flatbill, Rhynchocyclus brevirostris Pacific flatbill, Rhynchocyclus pacificus Eastern olivaceous flatbill, Rhynchocyclus olivaceus Western olivaceous flatbill, Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis Fulvous-breasted flatbill, Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus
File:Tolmomyias flaviventris - Yellow-breasted Flycatcher.JPG	Tolmomyias Template:Small	Yellow-olive flatbill, Tolmomyias sulphurescens Orange-eyed flatbill, Tolmomyias traylori Yellow-margined flatbill, Tolmomyias assimilis Yellow-winged flatbill, Tolmomyias flavotectus Grey-crowned flatbill, Tolmomyias poliocephalus Ochre-lored flatbill, Tolmomyias flaviventris Olive-faced flatbill, Tolmomyias viridiceps
File:Calyptura cristata.jpg	Calyptura Template:Small	Kinglet calyptura, Calyptura cristata
File:Platyrinchus coronatus - Golden-crowned spadebill.jpg	Platyrinchus Template:Small	Cinnamon-crested spadebill, Platyrinchus saturatus Stub-tailed spadebill, Platyrinchus cancrominus Yellow-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus flavigularis Golden-crowned spadebill, Platyrinchus coronatus White-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus mystaceus White-crested spadebill, Platyrinchus platyrhynchos Russet-winged spadebill, Platyrinchus leucoryphus
File:Neopipo cinnamomea - Cinnamon neopipo.jpg	Neopipo Template:Small	Cinnamon manakin-tyrant, Neopipo cinnamomea
File:Cinnamon Flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus).jpg	Pyrrhomyias Template:Small	Cinnamon flycatcher, Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus
File:Gibão de couro.jpg	Hirundinea Template:Small	Cliff flycatcher, Hirundinea ferruginea
File:Gray-breasted Flycatcher - South Ecuador S4E9465.jpg	Lathrotriccus Template:Small	Euler's flycatcher, Lathrotriccus euleri Grenadan Euler's flycatcher, Lathrotriccus euleri flaviventris; extinct (early 1950s) Grey-breasted flycatcher, Lathrotriccus griseipectus
File:Aphanotriccus capitalis -near Rancho Naturalista, Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica-8.jpg	Aphanotriccus Template:Small	Tawny-chested flycatcher or Salvin's flycatcher, Aphanotriccus capitalis Black-billed flycatcher or Nelson's flycatcher, Aphanotriccus audax
File:Cnemotriccus fuscatus - Fuscous Flycatcher; Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.jpg	Cnemotriccus Template:Small	Fuscous flycatcher, Cnemotriccus fuscatus
File:Pileated Flycatcher - Mexico S4E9492 (16251012834).jpg	Xenotriccus Template:Small	Belted flycatcher, Xenotriccus callizonus Pileated flycatcher, Xenotriccus mexicanus
File:Sayornis phoebe -Owen Conservation Park, Madison, Wisconsin, USA-8.jpg	Sayornis – phoebes Template:Small	Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya
File:Mitrephanes phaeocercus -Costa Rica-8a.jpg	Mitrephanes Template:Small	Northern tufted flycatcher, Mitrephanes phaeocercus Olive tufted flycatcher, Mitrephanes olivaceus
File:Tropical Pewee - Rio Tigre - Costa Rica.jpg	Contopus Template:Small	Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi Greater pewee, Contopus pertinax Dark pewee, Contopus lugubris Smoke-colored pewee, Contopus fumigatus Ochraceous pewee, Contopus ochraceus Western wood pewee, Contopus sordidulus Eastern wood pewee, Contopus virens Northern tropical pewee, Contopus bogotensis Southern tropical pewee, Contopus cinereus Tumbes pewee, Contopus punensis White-throated pewee, Contopus albogularis Blackish pewee, Contopus nigrescens Cuban pewee, Contopus caribaeus Hispaniolan pewee, Contopus hispaniolensis Jamaican pewee, Contopus pallidus Lesser Antillean pewee, Contopus latirostris
File:Black-capped Flycatcher - Central Highlands - Costa Rica MG 7063 (26603418092).jpg	Empidonax Template:Small	Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii White-throated flycatcher, Empidonax albigularis Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus Hammond's flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii American grey flycatcher, Empidonax wrightii American dusky flycatcher, Empidonax oberholseri Pine flycatcher, Empidonax affinis Western flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis Yellowish flycatcher, Empidonax flavescens Buff-breasted flycatcher, Empidonax fulvifrons Black-capped flycatcher, Empidonax atriceps
File:Pyrocephalus rubinus Titiribí pechirrojo Vermilion Flycatcher (male) (17321352426).jpg	Pyrocephalus Template:Small	Scarlet flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus obscurus Darwin's flycatcher, Pyrocephalus nanus ✝San Cristóbal flycatcher, Pyrocephalus dubius
File:Ochthornis littoralis - Drab Water-Tyrant.jpg	Ochthornis Template:Small	Drab water tyrant, Ochthornis littoralis
File:Satrapa icterophrys -Argentina-8.jpg	Satrapa Template:Small	Yellow-browed tyrant, Satrapa icterophrys
File:LittleGround-Tyrant.jpg	Syrtidicola Template:Small	Little ground tyrant, Syrtidicola fluviatilis
File:Spot-billed Ground-Tyrant.jpg	Muscisaxicola – ground tyrants Template:Small	Spot-billed ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola maculirostris White-fronted ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola albifrons Ochre-naped ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola flavinucha Paramo ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola alpinus Taczanowski's ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola griseus Cinereous ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola cinereus Rufous-naped ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola rufivertex Dark-faced ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola maclovianus White-browed ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola albilora Cinnamon-bellied ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola capistratus Puna ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola juninensis Black-fronted ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola frontalis
File:Andean Negrito (Lessonia oreas) on the ground, side view.jpg	Lessonia Template:Small	Andean negrito, Lessonia oreas Austral negrito, Lessonia rufa
File:Hymenops perspicillatus Argentina.jpg	Hymenops Template:Small	Spectacled tyrant, Hymenops perspicillatus
File:Knipolegus cyanirostris -Reserva Guainumbi, Sao Luis do Paraitinga, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg	Knipolegus Template:Small	Blue-billed black tyrant, Knipolegus cyanirostris Jelski's black tyrant, Knipolegus signatus Plumbeous tyrant, Knipolegus cabanisi Cinereous tyrant, Knipolegus striaticeps White-winged black tyrant, Knipolegus aterrimus Hudson's black tyrant, Knipolegus hudsoni Rufous-tailed tyrant, Knipolegus poecilurus Riverside tyrant, Knipolegus orenocensis Amazonian black tyrant, Knipolegus poecilocercus Crested black tyrant, Knipolegus lophotes Velvety black tyrant, Knipolegus nigerrimus Sao Francisco black tyrant or Caatinga black tyrant, Knipolegus franciscanus
File:Red-rumped-Bush-tyrant.jpg	Cnemarchus Template:Small	Red-rumped bush tyrant, Cnemarchus erythropygius Rufous-webbed bush tyrant, Cnemarchus rufipennis
File:White Monjita (Xolmis irupero)-8.jpg	Xolmis Template:Small	White-rumped monjita, Xolmis velatus White monjita, Xolmis irupero
File:Fire-eyed Diucon RWD.jpg	Pyrope Template:Small	Fire-eyed diucon, Pyrope pyrope
File:Xolmis cinereus -Fazenda Campo de Ouro, Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg	Nengetus Template:Small	Grey monjita, Nengetus cinereus
File:Xolmis coronatus - Black-crowned Monjita; San Javier, Río Negro, Uruguay.jpg	Neoxolmis Template:Small	Black-crowned monjita, Neoxolmis coronatus Rusty-backed monjita, Neoxolmis rubetra Salinas monjita, Neoxolmis salinarum Chocolate-vented tyrant, Neoxolmis rufiventris
File:Myiotheretes striaticollis Atrapamoscas chiflaperro Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant (13975951386).jpg	Myiotheretes Template:Small	Streak-throated bush tyrant, Myiotheretes striaticollis Rufous-bellied bush tyrant, Myiotheretes fuscorufus Santa Marta bush tyrant, Myiotheretes pernix Smoky bush tyrant, Myiotheretes fumigatus
File:Agriornis montanus - Black-billed shrike-tyrant.jpg	Agriornis – shrike-tyrants Template:Small	Black-billed shrike-tyrant, Agriornis montanus Lesser shrike-tyrant, Agriornis murinus White-tailed shrike-tyrant, Agriornis albicauda Grey-bellied shrike-tyrant, Agriornis micropterus Great shrike-tyrant, Agriornis lividus
File:Gubernetes yetapa -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg	Gubernetes Template:Small	Streamer-tailed tyrant, Gubernetes yetapa
File:Muscipipra vetula 1.jpeg	Muscipipra Template:Small	Shear-tailed grey tyrant, Muscipipra vetula
File:Black-backed Water-Tyrant - Brazil MG 8606 (16730865190).jpg	Fluvicola Template:Small	Pied water tyrant, Fluvicola pica Black-backed water tyrant, Fluvicola albiventer Masked water tyrant, Fluvicola nengeta
File:Arundinicola leucocephala -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil -male-8.jpg	Arundinicola Template:Small	White-headed marsh tyrant, Arundinicola leucocephala
File:Heteroxolmis dominicana -Rocha, Uruguay -male-8.jpg	Heteroxolmis Template:Small	Black-and-white monjita, Heteroxolmis dominicana
File:Alectrurus risora - Strange-tailed tyrant (male) 03.jpg	Alectrurus Template:Small	Cock-tailed tyrant, Alectrurus tricolor Strange-tailed tyrant, Alectrurus risora
File:Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant - Colombia S4E2594 (16687224919).jpg	Silvicultrix Template:Small	Crowned chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix frontalis Kalinowski's chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix spodionota Golden-browed chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix pulchella Yellow-bellied chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix diadema Jelski's chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix jelskii
File:Ochthoeca fumicolor (Pitajo ahumado) (15321450129).jpg	Ochthoeca Template:Small	Tumbes tyrant, Ochthoeca salvini Slaty-backed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris Blackish chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca nigrita Maroon-belted chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca thoracica Rufous-breasted chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca rufipectoralis Brown-backed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca fumicolor Rufous-browed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca superciliosa D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca oenanthoides White-browed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca leucophrys Piura chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca piurae
File:Viudita (Colorhamphus parvirostris)-4056-1500px-Ignacio-Azocar.jpg	Colorhamphus Template:Small	Patagonian tyrant, Colorhamphus parvirostris
File:Colonia colonus Atrapamoscas rabijunco Long-tailed Tyrant (11876830773).jpg	Colonia	Long-tailed tyrant, Colonia colonus
File:Short-tailed Field-Tyrant - South Ecuador S4E8007 (16710944637).jpg	Muscigralla Template:Small	Short-tailed field tyrant, Muscigralla brevicauda
File:Cattle Tyrant - Pantanal - Brazil H8O0107 (16298240983).jpg	Machetornis Template:Small	Cattle tyrant, Machetornis rixosa
File:Legatus leucophaius Atrapamoscas pirata Piratic Flycatcher (6230421252).jpg	Legatus Template:Small	Piratic flycatcher, Legatus leucophaius
File:Phelpsia inornata White-bearded Flycatcher (6515680991) (cropped).jpg	Phelpsia Template:Small	White-bearded flycatcher, Phelpsia inornata
File:Rusty-margined flycatcher (25954179317).jpg	Myiozetetes Template:Small	Rusty-margined flycatcher, Myiozetetes cayanensis Social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis Grey-capped flycatcher, Myiozetetes granadensis Dusky-chested flycatcher, Myiozetetes luteiventris
File:Great kiskadee (70240).jpg	Pitangus Template:Small	Great kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus
File:Lesser kiskadee (Pitangus lictor panamense).jpg	Philohydor Template:Small	Lesser kiskadee, Philohydor lictor P. l. panamensis (Bangs & Penard, TE, 1918) P. l. lictor (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823)
File:Conopias trivirgatus-Three-striped Flycatcher.JPG	Conopias Template:Small	White-ringed flycatcher, Conopias albovittatus Three-striped flycatcher, Conopias trivirgatus Yellow-throated flycatcher, Conopias parvus Lemon-browed flycatcher, Conopias cinchoneti
File:Myiodynastes chrysocephalus-2.jpg	Myiodynastes Template:Small	Golden-bellied flycatcher, Myiodynastes hemichrysus Golden-crowned flycatcher, Myiodynastes chrysocephalus Baird's flycatcher, Myiodynastes bairdii Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, Myiodynastes luteiventris Streaked flycatcher, Myiodynastes maculatus
File:Megarynchus pitangua Bichofué picudo Boat-billed Flycatcher (16282096299).jpg	Megarynchus Template:Small	Boat-billed flycatcher, Megarynchus pitangua
File:Tyrannopsis sulphurea - Sulphury Flycatcher.JPG	Tyrannopsis Template:Small	Sulphury flycatcher, Tyrannopsis sulphurea
File:Empidonomus varius-2.jpg	Empidonomus Template:Small	Variegated flycatcher, Empidonomus varius Crowned slaty flycatcher, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus
File:Tyrannus-verticalis-001.jpg	Tyrannus Template:Small	Snowy-throated kingbird, Tyrannus niveigularis White-throated kingbird, Tyrannus albogularis Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus Couch's kingbird, Tyrannus couchii Cassin's kingbird, Tyrannus vociferans Thick-billed kingbird, Tyrannus crassirostris Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis Giant kingbird, Tyrannus cubensis Loggerhead kingbird, Tyrannus caudifasciatus
File:Rufous Mourner - Panama H8O0032.jpg	Rhytipterna Template:Small	Pale-bellied mourner, Rhytipterna immunda Greyish mourner, Rhytipterna simplex Rufous mourner, Rhytipterna holerythra
File:Sirystes albocinereus - White-rumped Sirystes; Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.jpg	Sirystes Template:Small	Sibilant sirystes, Sirystes sibilator Western sirystes, Sirystes albogriseus White-rumped sirystes, Sirystes albocinereus Todd's sirystes, Sirystes subcanescens
File:Casiornis rufus -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg	Casiornis Template:Small	Rufous casiornis, Casiornis rufus Ash-throated casiornis, Casiornis fuscus
File:Myiarchus tyrannulus 1.jpg	Myiarchus Template:Small	Rufous flycatcher, Myiarchus semirufus Yucatan flycatcher, Myiarchus yucatanensis Sad flycatcher, Myiarchus barbirostris Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer Swainson's flycatcher, Myiarchus swainsoni Venezuelan flycatcher, Myiarchus venezuelensis Panama flycatcher, Myiarchus panamensis Short-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus ferox Pale-edged flycatcher, Myiarchus cephalotes Sooty-crowned flycatcher, Myiarchus phaeocephalus Apical flycatcher, Myiarchus apicalis Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens Nutting's flycatcher, Myiarchus nuttingi Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus Grenada flycatcher, Myiarchus nugator Galapagos flycatcher, Myiarchus magnirostris Rufous-tailed flycatcher, Myiarchus validus La Sagra's flycatcher, Myiarchus sagrae Stolid flycatcher, Myiarchus stolidus Lesser Antillean flycatcher, Myiarchus oberi Puerto Rican flycatcher, Myiarchus antillarum
File:Ramphotrigon megacephalum - Large-headed Flatbill.jpg	Ramphotrigon Template:Small	Large-headed flatbill, Ramphotrigon megacephalum Flammulated flycatcher, Ramphotrigon flammulatum Dusky-tailed flatbill, Ramphotrigon fuscicauda Rufous-tailed flatbill, Ramphotrigon ruficauda
File:Attila torridus - Ochraceous Attila 2.jpg	Attila Template:Small	Rufous-tailed attila, Attila phoenicurus Cinnamon attila, Attila cinnamomeus Ochraceous attila, Attila torridus Citron-bellied attila, Attila citriniventris White-eyed attila, Attila bolivianus Grey-hooded attila, Attila rufus Bright-rumped attila, Attila spadiceus

See also

• List of tyrant flycatcher species

Further reading

• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite journal
• Template:Cite journal

External links

• Tyrant flycatcher videos, photos and sounds – Internet Bird Collection
• Template:Cite Americana