Tornado, West Virginia

File:Upper Falls, West Virginia.jpg

Upper Falls of Coal River, with Upper Falls Dam above and the historic lock in the foreground, viewed from Upper Falls Landing

Tornado, also called Upper Falls, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States.

Four agencies of the United States government determine the official name of the community.<ref>USPS City Versus Census Geography, U.S. Census Bureau</ref><ref>Why It’s Worthless to Use a Postal Zip Code to Determine Its Municipality, USgeocoder</ref><ref>Many people use ZIP codes to determine place names. Here’s why that doesn’t work well., Greater Greater Washington</ref> The United States Postal Service established the Upper Falls of Coal Post Office in 1851, then replaced it with the Tornado Post Office in 1881 and today delivers mail within ZIP Code 25202 addressed to either Tornado or Upper Falls.<ref>WEST VIRGINIA Post Offices, U.S. Postal Service Postmaster Finder</ref><ref>Look Up a ZIP Code, U.S. Postal Service</ref> The United States Board on Geographic Names authenticated the name of the community as Tornado in 1980, changed it to Upper Falls in 2010 and back to Tornado in 2013.<ref>Tornado Populated Place, U.S. Board on Geographic Names, U.S. Geological Survey</ref> After approving the replacement of the Tornado CDP with the much larger Upper Falls CDP in 2010, the Kanawha County Commission decided in 2013 that residents of the community supported the name Tornado over Upper Falls and requested that the name be changed back.<ref>Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) FY 2021 Update, Region 3 Intergovernmental Council</ref><ref name="data.census.gov">2000 Tornado CDP, Profile of General Demographic Characteristics, U.S. Census Bureau</ref><ref name="archive.today">2010 Upper Falls CDP, Demographic Profile Data, U.S. Census Bureau</ref><ref name="ReferenceF">2010 Upper Falls CDP, Census Summary File, U.S. Census Bureau</ref><ref>Map of 2010 Upper Falls CDP, Upper Falls, West Virginia</ref><ref>Tornado gets its name back, Charleston Gazette-Mail</ref> The United States Census Bureau originated the Tornado CDP in 1990, changed to the Upper Falls CDP in 2010 and then to the Tornado CDP for 2020.<ref>1980 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, WEST VIRGINIA, U.S. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics, West Virginia, U.S. Bureau of the Census</ref><ref>Tornado Census Designated Place, U.S. Geological Survey</ref><ref>Upper Falls Census Designated Place, U.S. Geological Survey</ref><ref name="2020 Tornado CDP">2020 Tornado CDP, U.S. Census Bureau</ref> The United States National Geodetic Survey maintains a bench mark in the community named Upper Falls, which has never changed.<ref name="ngs.noaa.gov">Upper Falls, West Virginia Bench Mark, U.S. National Geodetic Survey</ref><ref>Bench Mark, 2.8 Miles North from Upper Falls, West Virginia, U.S. National Geodetic Survey</ref>

The 2000 Tornado CDP had a population of 1,111 and a total area of Template:Convert.<ref name="data.census.gov"/> The 2010 Upper Falls CDP, which was much larger, had a population of 3,701 and a total area of Template:Convert, making it the largest CDP in West Virginia by area.<ref name="archive.today"/><ref name="ReferenceF"/><ref>2010 West Virginia Census Geography, U.S. Census Bureau</ref> The 2020 Tornado CDP is again much smaller, with a population of 1,081 and a total area of Template:Convert.<ref name="2020 Tornado CDP"/>

The adjacent Coal River gives the community its historical name from the cascading waters of its Upper Falls.<ref name="Upper Falls">Upper Falls, U.S. Geological Survey</ref>

Geography

Tornado is located at Template:Coord (38.342778, −81.844167).<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020" />

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert are land and Template:Convert, or 2.37%, is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020"/>

The United States Geological Survey locates the community's namesake Upper Falls of Coal River at Template:Coord (38.342594, −81.841518).<ref name="Upper Falls"/>

The United States National Geodetic Survey bench mark in the community is at Template:Coord (38.339722, −81.838889).<ref name="ngs.noaa.gov"/>

Demographics

The current Tornado CDP is much smaller than the Upper Falls CDP of 2010, with a total population of 1,081, a total area of Template:Convert, median household income of $67,564, 18.7% of residents attaining a bachelor's degree or higher, an employment rate of 55.9%, 446 total households, 441 total housing units and 4.2% without health care coverage.

2010 census

In 2010, the CDP was named Upper Falls and was much larger than the current CDP.

As of the census of 2010,<ref name="ReferenceA">United States Census Bureau [1] "Upper Falls CDP, West Virginia 2010 Demographic Profile Data"</ref> there were 3,701 people, 1,458 households, and 1,072 families residing in the community. The Upper Falls CDP, which spanned Template:Convert, constituted the largest CDP in West Virginia by area.<ref name="2010_Census">Template:Cite web</ref> The population density was 218.6 people per square mile (84.4/km²). There were 1,549 housing units at an average density of 91.7/sq mi (35.3/km²). The racial makeup of the community was 96.8% White, 1.1% African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Natives, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.4% of the population.

There were 1,458 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.5% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54, and the average family size was 2.93.

The community's age distribution was 19.4% under the age of 15, 10.2% from 15 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 31% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males.

2000 census

In 2000, the CDP was named Tornado and covered a much smaller area than the Upper Falls CDP of 2010.

For the census<ref name="GR2">Template:Cite web</ref> of 2000, there were 1,111 people, 419 households, and 330 families residing in the CDP, which had a total area of Template:Convert and a population density of 309.0 people per square mile (119.2/km²). There were 437 housing units at an average density of 121.6/sq mi (46.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.21% White, 0.36% African American, 0.27% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 1.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.54% of the population.

There were 419 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.01.

In Tornado the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,000, and the median income for a family was $50,350. Males had a median income of $31,932 versus $25,670 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,999. About 2.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

History

The Upper Falls of the Coal River was discovered in 1742 by John Peter Salling during an expedition along the Coal River. Salling and four companions each received a governor's commission from the state of Virginia to explore the territory east of the Mississippi River, in return for Template:Convert land grants. It was this group that also discovered coal along the banks of the Coal River.

It was not until after the Revolutionary War that European settlers began moving into the area. Even then, the few<ref>United States Geological Survey [2] "Upper Falls Cemetery"</ref> who survived the attacks of the native peoples usually fled to safer destinations. But by around 1800, a gristmill<ref>United States Geological Survey [3] "Upper Falls Gristmill (historical)"</ref> was established by Joseph Thomas at the Upper Falls which continued in operation until the 1930s.

Beginning about 1830, timber harvested from the region was floated on the Coal River to Saint Albans. At the same time, great quantities of marketable cannel coal were found on the upper Coal River. However, only at periods of high water could logs and shallow wooden boats loaded with coal be drifted over the Upper Falls and Lower Falls and on down the river.

A system of wooden-crib locks and dams designed to make Coal River navigable<ref name="ReferenceB">United States Geological Survey [4] "Upper Falls Channel"</ref> was constructed in the 1850s to transport cannel coal, bituminous coal, coal oil and timber to market. This began the era of two-way commercial steamboat traffic on the river. The Upper Falls was the site of Upper Falls Lock and Dam,<ref name="ReferenceC">United States Geological Survey [5] "Upper Falls Lock"</ref><ref name="geonames.usgs.gov">United States Geological Survey [6] "Upper Falls Dam"</ref> and Edward Kenna, who also developed a sawmill<ref>United States Geological Survey [7] "Upper Falls Sawmill (historical)"</ref> at the Upper Falls around 1850, was lockmaster;<ref>United States Geological Survey [8] "Upper Falls Lockmaster House (historical)"</ref> his son, John Edward Kenna, later served as U.S. senator from West Virginia. Damage caused by ongoing flooding and the outbreak of the Civil War suspended steam tug navigation of Coal River. Traffic resumed after the war, but ended permanently in 1881.

From 1858, at least ten failed attempts were made to build a rail line up the Coal River. Finally, under the direction of General Cornelius Clarkson Watts, a Confederate veteran, construction of the Coal River and Western Railway began in 1902 and was completed in 1904. The lasting economic boom brought by the railroad to the region saw the bustling Upper Falls Station<ref name="ReferenceD">United States Geological Survey [9] "Upper Falls Station (historical)"</ref> offer daily service for both passengers and freight. Timber extraction largely ended in the 1920s, but the rail line,<ref>United States Geological Survey [10] "Upper Falls Siding"</ref> now owned by CSX Transportation, still transports massive amounts of bituminous coal to global markets.

There was a rapid influx of people to the area during and soon after World War II, and many came to live in Tornado. They found employment in the defense and chemical manufacturing industries in the Kanawha Valley and benefited from economic prosperity as a result. Today, the community is a residential suburb and recreation destination of the Charleston metropolitan area.<ref name="upperfallswv.blog.com">Courtesy of Dr. William H. Dean, PhD, from Coal, Steamboats, Timber and Trains: The Early Industrial History of St. Albans, West Virginia & The Coal River, 1850–1925 Template:Cite web UpperFallsWV.blog.com</ref>

Post offices

The Upper Falls of Coal Post Office, the first to serve the area, was established in 1851.<ref>National Archives Microfilm Publication M841, Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832 – September 30, 1971. Richard C. Chandler appointed postmaster, Upper Falls of Coal, WV, 26 September 1851</ref><ref>United States Postal Service, "Postmaster Finder". [11] Upper Falls of Coal Post Office, 26 September 1851 to 1876-01-21 and 1877-10-10 to 1880-11-15. Retrieved 2014-12-18.</ref> During Reconstruction, it was replaced by a post office named Tornado in 1881.<ref name="ReferenceE">National Archives Microfilm Publication M841, Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832 – September 30, 1971. John H. Sutherland appointed postmaster, Tornado, WV, 6 July 1881</ref><ref name="about.usps.com">United States Postal Service, "Postmaster Finder". [12] Tornado Post Office, 6 July 1881 to present. Retrieved 2014-12-18.</ref>

Today, residents who receive mail at ZIP Code 25177 use the city name St. Albans, while those at ZIP Code 25202 use either Tornado or Upper Falls, with both names in general use.<ref>"ZIP Code Lookup" [13] United States Postal Service. Retrieved March 18, 2022.</ref><ref>"25177 ZIP Code Map" [14] Home Town Locator</ref><ref>"25202 ZIP Code Map" [15] Home Town Locator</ref><ref>"Tornado, West Virginia" [16] Curlie</ref><ref>"Upper Falls, West Virginia" [17] Curlie</ref>

Other names

Since the earliest European settlers moved into the region in the 1700s, the community was also known as Upper Falls of Coal River.<ref name="edits.nationalmap.gov">United States Geological Survey [18] "Tornado Populated Place"</ref>

Andrews Heights is an area named for landowner R. Carl Andrews,<ref>Kanawha County Clerk, Map Book 13, Number 70, dated 1948</ref> who served as mayor of Charleston from 1947 to 1950<ref>The Political Graveyard[19] "Index to Politicians: Andrews"</ref> and was a Democratic candidate for governor of West Virginia in 1940.<ref>The West Virginia Encyclopedia [20] "Matthew Mansfield Neely"</ref> Andrews Heights Elementary School is named for Mayor Andrews.

Big Bend is an area of the community that is circumscribed by the Big Bend of Coal River and gives Big Bend Golf Course its name.<ref name="edits.nationalmap.gov"/>

Transportation

During its history, transportation infrastructure serving the community has included highway, rail and river transport.

Highway

The primary means of transportation throughout the CDP today is by secondary highways.

2020 census

The 2020 Tornado CDP is much smaller than the 2010 Upper Falls CDP.

In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersects the northern boundary of Tornado at Browns Creek and (CH 9/1) crosses the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) also intersects the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line.

2010 census

The 2010 Upper Falls CDP was much larger than the 2020 Tornado CDP.

In a clockwise direction on the map, Coal River Road (Kanawha County Highway 3) intersected the northern boundary of Upper Falls at Tear Drop Lane (private). Dogwood Road (CH 6/6) crossed the northern border at the Armstrong Tunnel. Smith Creek Road (CH 9) demarcated the CDP to the east at Dry Ridge Road (CH 8). Coal River Road (CH 9/1) crossed the southern border at the Lincoln County line. Falls Creek Road (CH 3) intersected the southern boundary at the Lincoln County line, as well. Woods Drive (CH 1/3) crossed to the west at the Putnam County line. Finally, Browns Creek Road (CH 1) delimited the CDP at the intersection of Bryants Branch Road (CH 3/3) to the north.

Rail

The Coal River subdivision, a CSX Transportation main line, runs essentially parallel to the river on its east side and is used primarily to transport coal from the Southern West Virginia coalfields to global markets. There was once a railroad station<ref name="ReferenceD"/> in the community named "Upper Falls Station."<ref name="upperfallswv.blog.com"/>

River

The Coal River is still designated by the federal government as a navigable waterway,<ref name="ReferenceB"/> though the 19th century system of locks<ref name="ReferenceC"/> and dams<ref name="geonames.usgs.gov"/> that made commercial transportation possible no longer exists.<ref name="upperfallswv.blog.com"/>

Education

Educational opportunities:

• Andrews Heights Elementary School, 7776 Coal River Road
• Humphreys After School Program, 7799 Coal River Road

Recreation

Recreational possibilities:<ref>Upper Falls, West Virginia Recreation [21] UpperFalls.weebly.com</ref>

• Big Bend Golf Course, 151 Riverview Drive
• Coal River<ref>United States Geological Survey [22] "Upper Falls Beach"</ref>
• Meadowood Park, 292 Pettigrew Lane<ref>United States Geological Survey [23] "Upper Falls Landing"</ref><ref>United States Geological Survey [24] "Upper Falls Point"</ref>
• Mountaineer Radio Control Flying Club, 8004 Smith Creek Road
• Walhonde Trail<ref>United States Geological Survey [25] "Walhonde Upper Falls Walking Trail"</ref>

Religion

Community churches:

• Browns Creek Church of God, 2550 Browns Creek Road
• Humphreys Memorial United Methodist Church, 7799 Coal River Road
• New Hope Baptist Church, 9414 Coal River Road
• Pleasant Hill Baptist Church, 7398 Smith Creek Road
• Riverview Freewill Baptist Church, 10603 Coal River Road
• Tornado Apostolic Church, 1100 Gore Addition Road

External links

• History of Upper Falls, West Virginia
• Curlie Directory for Tornado
• Curlie Directory for Upper Falls
• 2020 Tornado CDP at the U.S. Census Bureau
• 2010 Upper Falls CDP Demographic Data
• 2010 Upper Falls CDP Geographic Data
• 2010 Upper Falls CDP Map
• 25177 ZIP Code Map
• 25202 ZIP Code Map
• Upper Falls Geographic Features
• Upper Falls Recreation
• Tornado Populated Place at the U.S. Geological Survey
• Tornado CDP at the U.S. Geological Survey
• Upper Falls CDP at the U.S. Geological Survey