W. S. Van Dyke

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Woodbridge Strong Van Dyke II (March 21, 1889 – February 5, 1943) was an American film director who made several early sound films, including Tarzan the Ape Man in 1932, The Thin Man in 1934, San Francisco in 1936, and six popular musicals with Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. He received two Academy Award nominations for Best Director for The Thin Man and San Francisco, and directed four actors to Oscar nominations: William Powell, Spencer Tracy, Norma Shearer, and Robert Morley.<ref name="nytimes-obit"/> Known as a reliable craftsman who made his films on schedule and under budget, he earned the name "One Take Woody" for his efficient style of filming.

Early life

Van Dyke was born on March 21, 1889, in San Diego, California.<ref name="britannica" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His father was a superior court judge who died the day his son was born.<ref name="hga" /> His mother, Laura Winston, returned to her former acting career.<ref name="hga" /><ref name="he-mayer" /> As a child actor, Van Dyke appeared with his mother on the vaudeville circuit with traveling stock companies.<ref name="hga" /> They traveled the west coast and into the Middle West. When he was five years old, they appeared at the old San Francisco Grand Opera House<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in Blind Girl.<ref name="he-mayer"/> He would later remember his education,

I think I've been to school in every state in the Union. Whenever the company stopped off long enough in any city I went back behind a school desk. The rest of the time my mother taught me.<ref name="he-mayer"/>

When Van Dyke was fourteen years old, he moved to Seattle to live with his grandmother.<ref name="hga"/> While attending business school, he worked several part-time jobs, including janitor, waiter, salesman, and railroad attendant.<ref name="hga"/> Van Dyke's early adult years were unsettled, and he moved among jobs. On June 16, 1909, he married actress Zine Bertha Ashford (November 3, 1887 - October 2, 1951), whose screen name was "Zelda Ashford," in Pierce, Washington, and the two joined various touring theater companies, finally arriving in Hollywood in 1915.<ref name="hga"/><ref>Washington State Archives.</ref><ref>California Death Index.</ref>

Career

In 1915, Van Dyke found work as an assistant director to D. W. Griffith on the film The Birth of a Nation.<ref name="britannica"/> The following year, he was Griffith's assistant director on Intolerance.<ref name="hga"/> That same year he worked as an assistant director to James Young on Unprotected (1916), The Lash (1916), and the lost film Oliver Twist, in which he also played the role of Charles Dickens.<ref name="hga"/><ref>"Marie Doro as Oliver Twist"(Motion Picture Magazine February 1917)</ref>

In 1917, Van Dyke directed his first film, The Land of Long Shadows, for Essanay Studios.<ref name="britannica"/> That same year he directed five other films: The Range Boss, Open Places, Men of the Desert, Gift O' Gab, and Sadie Goes to Heaven. In 1927, he traveled to Tacoma to direct two silent films for the new H.C. Weaver Productions: Eyes of the Totem and The Heart of the Yukon (the latter is considered a lost film). According to Tim McCoy in his autobiography, Van Dyke, who directed him in "War Paint" and five others for MGM in the late 1920s, was eventually to become a giant among Hollywood's creative geniuses. McCoy went on to say, "For in addition to being annoyingly arrogant, maddeningly self-opinionated, damned sure of himself and utterly ruthless, Van was truly a great director."<ref>Tim McCoy Remembers the West, Tim McCoy and Ronald McCoy, Bison Books, University of Nebraska Press, 1977, 1988, pg. 226.</ref> McCoy went on to say, "he (Van Dyke) evidenced a degree of concern for my well-being on a par with the level of compassion that might have been exhibited by a nineteenth-century Arab slaver herding a batch of the lately damned across the equator." He then told a similar story, which Robert Cannom's Van Dyke biography mentioned in some detail, but lacking Cannom's sugar-coated retelling. An extra fired a blank round too close to McCoy's face, knocking him off his horse and causing pain and a wound needing hospitalization. McCoy said that Van Dyke cursed him soundly for falling off his horse and ruining the shot. He asked him if he was ready for another shot and then cautioned McCoy "to try to do it right."<ref>Tim McCoy Remembers the West, pgs. 228–229.</ref>

During the silent era he learned his craft and by the advent of the talkies was one of MGM's most reliable directors. He came to be known as "One-Take Woody" or "One-Take Van Dyke", for the speed with which he would complete his assignments. MGM regarded him as one of the most versatile, equally at home directing costume dramas, westerns, comedies, crime melodramas, and musicals.

Many of his films were huge hits and topped the box office in any given year. He received Academy Award for Best Director nominations for The Thin Man (1934)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and San Francisco (1936). He also directed the Oscar-winning classic Eskimo (also known as Mala the Magnificent), in which he also has a featured acting role.

His other films include the island adventure White Shadows in the South Seas (1928); its follow-up, The Pagan (1929); Trader Horn (1931), which was filmed almost entirely in Africa; Tarzan the Ape Man (1932); Manhattan Melodrama (1934); and Marie Antoinette (1938). He is perhaps best remembered, however, for directing Myrna Loy and William Powell in four Thin Man films: The Thin Man (1934), After the Thin Man (1936), Another Thin Man (1939), and Shadow of the Thin Man (1941); and Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy in six of their greatest hits, Naughty Marietta (1935), Rose Marie (1936), Sweethearts (1938), New Moon (1940) (uncredited because halfway through filming Robert Z. Leonard took over), Bitter Sweet (1940), and I Married an Angel (1942).

The earthquake sequence in San Francisco is consideredTemplate:By whom one of the best special-effects sequences ever filmed.Template:Citation needed To help direct, Van Dyke called upon his early mentor, D. W. Griffith, who had fallen on hard times. Van Dyke was also known to hire old-time, out-of-work actors as extras. Because of his loyalty, he was much beloved and admired in the industry.

Van Dyke was known for allowing ad-libbing (that remained in the film) and for coaxing natural performances from his actors. He made stars of Nelson Eddy, James Stewart, Myrna Loy, Johnny Weissmuller, Maureen O'Sullivan, Eleanor Powell, Ilona Massey, and Margaret O'Brien. He was often called in to work a few days (or more), uncredited, on a film that was in trouble or had gone over the production schedule.

Van Dyke was commissioned a captain in the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1934. On September 13, 1935, he was promoted to the rank of major in the reserves.<ref>USMC Muster Rolls, 1893–1958.</ref> Prior to World War II, the patriotic Van Dyke set up a Marine Corps Reserve recruiting office in his own office at MGM. His rank of major often showed up in his later film credits, and he was influential in encouraging other MGM stars to join the military during the early days of the war, including Clark Gable, James Stewart, and Robert Taylor.<ref>http://www.IMDB Template:Webarchive Data Base W. S. Van Dyke.</ref><ref name="Hollywood 1948">Van Dyke and the Mythical City of Hollywood (1948) Robert C. Cannom.</ref>

Final years and death

By 1933, Van Dyke had a 3 Template:Frac acre estate in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, on 334 South Bundy Drive,<ref>National Society Sons of the American Revolution Member No.53277,</ref> which he added on to several times to accommodate his collection of artifacts from world travel and allow large groups of friends for entertainment purposes.<ref name="Hollywood 1948"/> The house was razed by the early 1960s and the grounds were converted by 1965 into a cul-de-sac named Rose Marie Lane with eight large homes.

In the latter half of 1942, despite being ill with cancer and a bad heart, Van Dyke managed to direct one last film, Journey for Margaret, which premiered in New York City on December 17 that year.<ref>Journey for Margaret, production and release information, American Film Institute (AFI), Los Angeles, California. Retrieved August 7, 2018.</ref><ref>Journey for Margaret, "Original Print Information", Turner Classic Movies (TCM), Turner Broadcasting System, a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc., New York, N.Y. Retrieved August 7, 2018.</ref> The movie made 5-year-old Margaret O'Brien an overnight star.

Van Dyke, a devout Christian Scientist, had refused most medical treatments and care during his final years. Following the general release of Journey for Margaret to theaters in January 1943, he said his goodbyes to his wife Ruth Elizabeth Mannix, his three children, and to studio boss Louis B. Mayer and then committed suicide on February 5 in Brentwood, Los Angeles.<ref name="nytimes-obit"/><ref name="nytimes-erickson"/> Both Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, in accordance with Van Dyke's wishes, sang and officiated at his funeral.

His cremated remains are interred at Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, with those of his mother, Laura Winston Van Dyke in the Great Mausoleum, Columbarium of the Sanctuaries, Niche 10212.<ref>Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, CA as Vandyke.</ref>

Family

W. S. Van Dyke's mother, Laura Winston Van Dyke, was an enthusiastic genealogist and made sure he had known his own family history.<ref>Van Dyke and the Mythical City Hollywood (1948) Robert C. Cannom.</ref> He subsequently joined a number of male hereditary societies based in Los Angeles. He was a member of the National Society Sons of the American Revolution having joined on September 22, 1933, No. 53277, California Society No. CA 1707 based on a documented direct descent from John Honeyman (1729–1822), aide to General James Wolfe in the French and Indian Wars and later a spy for George Washington during the Revolution.<ref>NSSAR No. 53277, Record Copy on file with Ancestry.com.</ref> That same year, 1933, he joined the Sons of the Revolution in the State of California on the same documented descent from John Honeyman, Membership No. 1847.<ref>History of the Sons of the Revolution in the State of California (1994) R. H. Breithaupt.</ref> He also became a member of the Order of Founders and Patriots, No. 7141, CA 48, in 1933 documenting descent from Jan Van Dyke (1709–1778), who was killed while fighting beside Washington at Monmouth, and Thomasse Janse Van Dyke (1581–1665). Van Dyke ultimately was invited to become a life member in the most difficult to join, Society of Colonial Wars, #8634, California Society #397, admitted January 23, 1934. He joined on a direct descent from Capt. Jan Janse Van Dyke (1652–1736) and Governor William Leete (1613–1683).<ref>General Society of Colonial Wars Index of Ancestors and Members (2011).</ref><ref>Register of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of California (2008) pg.102.</ref> He was the great great grandson of Abraham Van Dyke (1753–1804), who was with Washington at Morristown. Van Dyke was admitted to membership in the Barons of Runnymede, now known as Baronial Order of Magna Charta in January 1935, Member No. 441, and Military Order of the Crusades in December 1935, Member No. 13 both based on a descent from Governor Thomas Dudley of Massachusetts.<ref>Tracy Coker, Registrar, BMOC www.magnacharta.com</ref>

Marcia Van Dyke, violinist and actress, was a cousin of W. S. Van Dyke.

Legacy

Van Dyke and his career were the subject of a 424-page well-detailed biography published in 1948 by Robert C. Cannom which made use of extensive interviews with Van Dyke's co-workers and had the complete cooperation of Metro Goldwyn Mayer. The author was allowed full access to Van Dyke's files and photographs archived with the studio in Culver City, Calif.<ref name="Hollywood 1948"/>

January 20, 1937, Van Dyke and Clark Gable had their signature, hand and shoe print impressions cast in greenish cement at Grauman's Chinese Theater on Hollywood Boulevard.<ref>Hollywood At Your Feet (1992) Stacey Endres and Robert Cushman, pg. 114.</ref>

On February 8, 1960, Van Dyke received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to Motion Pictures, at 6141 Hollywood Boulevard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and nominations

Year Award Category Film Result
1930 Academy Award Best Cinematography (Clyde Da Vinna) White Shadows in the South Seas Template:Won
1931 Academy Award Best Picture Trader Horn Template:Nominated
1934 Academy Award Best Film Editing (Conrad A. Nervig) Eskimo / Mala the Magnificent Template:Won
1935 Academy Award<ref name="oscars-1935"/> Best Director The Thin Man Template:Nom
1936 Venice Film Festival Best Foreign Film San Francisco Template:Nom
1937 Academy Award<ref name="oscars-1937"/> Best Director San Francisco Template:Nom
1938 Venice Film Festival Best Foreign Film Marie Antoinette Template:Nom

Filmography

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References

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