Y tu mamá también

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox film Y tu mamá también (Spanish for And Your Mother Too)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> is a 2001 Mexican coming-of-age comedy drama road film<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> directed by Alfonso Cuarón, who co-wrote the script with his brother Carlos. It follows two teenage boys who take a road trip with a woman in her late twenties and stars Diego Luna, Gael García Bernal, and Maribel Verdú, with narration by Daniel Giménez Cacho. It is set in 1999 against the backdrop of Mexico's political and economic realities, specifically at the end of the uninterrupted seven decades of presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party and the rise of the opposition led by Vicente Fox.

In addition to directing and co-writing the film, Cuarón also produced it with Jorge Vergara and edited it alongside Alex Rodríguez. The film's explicit depiction of sex, nudity, and drug use caused complications in its rating. In Mexico, it earned $2.2 million its first weekend, setting a new record for the highest box office opening in Mexican cinema.<ref name="Shaw, 2013" /><ref name=mojo>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2002, it was released in English-speaking markets under its Spanish title, with a limited release in the United States.<ref name=ifc /> It received critical acclaim, particularly for Cuarón’s direction, the screenplay, and the performances of the three leads, and was nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards and for Best Foreign Language Film at the Golden Globe Awards. Since its release, it has been regarded as one of the best films of the 2000s and the 21st century.<ref>[1]</ref><ref>[2]</ref>

Plot

The events, set in Mexico in 1999, are punctuated by a voice-over, omniscient narrator who knows the characters' thoughts, history and future evolution.

Two teenage best friends, working-class Julio and upper-class Tenoch, graduate from high school and see their girlfriends off on a trip to Italy. Despite their vow to remain faithful to the girls, they intend otherwise. Their plans for fun, however, deteriorate and they spend time smoking pot, swimming in a country club and at one point masturbating together on diving boards.

During the lavish wedding reception of Tenoch's older sister, they meet Luisa, the Spanish wife of Tenoch's cousin Jano. Trying to impress her, the boys describe a fictitious secluded beach called Boca del Cielo ("Heaven's Mouth"), to which they invite her. Days later she visits a doctor for some test results, and receives a drunken call from Jano who tearfully confesses an infidelity. The next day, she takes Tenoch and Julio up on their invitation.

Even though Julio and Tenoch know it to be an aimless trip, the three set off and drive through rural Mexico. The teenagers talk about their friendship and, when asked by Luisa, boast about their sexual exploits. Luisa speaks of Jano and recalls her first love, who died in a motorcycle accident. During one of their stops, Luisa leaves a message on Jano's answering machine explaining that she has left him.

Throughout the trip, Luisa's extroverted and upbeat persona is interspersed by bouts of inconsolable crying, some of which are accidentally witnessed by the boys. On one of these occasions, Tenoch enters her motel room in search of shampoo, at which point she daubs her tears and seduces him. Julio witnesses them having sex and, upset, walks away. He later tells Tenoch he had sex with Tenoch's girlfriend, in violation of one of the rules governing their friendship. Tenoch spends the night furiously scolding Julio and asking for details.

Noticing tension the next day but still unaware of Julio's confession, Luisa has sex with him to "equalize" the boys' perceived status. A jealous Tenoch then reveals that he, too, has had sex with Julio's girlfriend, sparking a quarrel that nearly comes to blows. After being shoved away by Julio while trying to intervene, Luisa angrily berates their immaturity and sexual incompetence, dismisses their rivalry as closeted homosexuality, and walks away. Shocked by her outburst, they beg her to stay, which she does in exchange for her own set of rules to keep them at bay.

They make camp near the sea and meet a local fishing family who boats them to an isolated beach, coincidentally called Boca del Cielo. They relax and enjoy the ocean, but upon their return find their campsite ransacked by a herd of runaway pigs. They spend the night in a nearby village, where Luisa makes another phone call to Jano to bid him an affectionate but final farewell.

Luisa, Julio, and Tenoch get drunk that evening and joke about their sexual histories. Julio and Tenoch reveal that they have frequently had sex with each other's girlfriends, not just once as originally confessed. Julio adds that he had sex with Tenoch's mother, but it is unclear whether he is serious. The three dance together sensually and then retire to their room. As Luisa kneels and stimulates them both, Julio and Tenoch embrace and kiss each other passionately.

The next morning, the boys wake up naked together. They bolt from bed and express a sudden eagerness to return home. The narrator explains the subsequent events: the boys' journey back is quiet and uneventful, Luisa stays behind to explore nearby coves, the boys' girlfriends break up with them upon returning from Italy, and the erstwhile best friends stop hanging out.

A year later, after a chance encounter in Mexico City, Julio and Tenoch go for coffee together. They awkwardly catch up on each other's lives and news of their mutual friends. Tenoch informs Julio that Luisa died of cancer a month after their trip, and that she had been aware of her prognosis during their entire road trip. Tenoch finds an excuse to leave, and despite the two agreeing to meet up again, the narrator reveals that this is the last they will see of each other.

Cast

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Cuarón did not want to cast Luna for the role of Tenoch because he was a teen idol and telenovela star in Mexico. García Bernal convinced Cuarón to hire Luna because their friendship would make the performance of their characters' friendship much easier. Cuarón ultimately hired Luna because he became convinced that their bond would produce a natural and honest performance.<ref name=criterion>Template:Cite web</ref>

Production

Development

After working on Great Expectations and A Little Princess, Alfonso Cuarón envisioned a film that was not influenced by production techniques used in Hollywood cinema. Cuarón wanted to reject commercial production techniques he had used in his previous films, like dollies, close-ups, and dissolves. Instead he embraced a documentary-realist style of filmmaking for Y tu mamá también.<ref name="Shaw, 2013">Template:Cite book</ref> Before making the film, Cuarón had worked for some time in Hollywood, prior to return to his roots in Mexican cinema.<ref name="Wood, 2006" /> In an interview, Cuarón said: "I wanted to make the film I was going to make before I went to film school, ...a film in Spanish, and a road movie involving a journey to the beach."<ref name="Wood, 2006" />

Additionally, Cuarón has cited Adieu Philippine, a 1962 French New Wave film, as a crucial inspiration for Y tu mamá también. Overlaps include a road trip featuring a love triangle, wide shots of a car curving down a road, an omniscient narrator, and a character dancing while staring into the camera.

Road movie

In Y tu mamá también, Alfonso Cuarón reimagined the American road movie genre to depict Mexico's geography, politics, people, and culture.<ref name="Shaw, 2013" /> Cuarón wanted to use the road-film genre to challenge mid-20th century Latin-American Cinema movements that rejected the pleasure and entertainment typical of Hollywood commercial cinema created by using fictional characters and story.<ref name="Smith, 2014" /> Cuarón aimed to only borrow the pleasure and entertainment of Hollywood cinema to synthesize with political and cultural exploration of Mexico.<ref name="Smith, 2014" /> Using fictional characters and a story within the documentary-realist style, Cuarón was able to explore Mexico's geographical, cultural, and political landscapes.<ref name="Smith, 2014" />

Filming and production

The director and screenwriter were not afraid of developing Y tu mamá también during the production process.<ref name="Wood, 2006" /> Cuarón's script was minimal and unelaborate so the actors could contribute to its development during the rehearsal process.<ref name="Wood, 2006" /> Throughout the film the actors improvised.<ref name="Smith, 2014">Template:Cite book</ref> Instead of using high-tech equipment, the entire film was shot with a handheld camera to create a documentary-realist look that mimicked candid footage. In an interview, Cuarón said it all went "back to our original idea of 15 years ago, in which we would do a low-budget road movie that would allow us to go with some young actors and semi-improvise scenes and have a bare storyline but not be afraid of adding things as we went."<ref name="Wood, 2006" />

Locations

The beach scenes in the film were shot near the resort Bahías de Huatulco in Oaxaca.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Soundtrack

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Release

Finance and distribution

Y tu mamá también was produced by Anhelo Producciones, a company co-founded by Cuarón and Jorge Vergara, a well-known Mexican businessman and the film's producer. The company provided sufficient funding to make the film and launch an impressive marketing campaign. The $5 million film budget was substantial by Mexican film standards. Advertisement and publicity appeared across Mexico. Along with the help of Anhelo Producciones, the ratings board controversy gave the film a lot of free publicity in Mexico.<ref name="Shaw, 2013" /> On location production support was provided by Alianza Films International.

Good Machine International handled international sales for the film outside North America, Latin America and Spain under its “Uncensored Cinema” banner which explores the theme of sexuality without restrictions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cuaron licensed the rights in Spain to Sogepaq and Latin America to 20th Century Fox, who subsequently acquired the German, Swiss, Italian and French rights from Good Machine.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly after the Mexican release, IFC Films acquired North American distribution rights to the film.<ref name=ifc>Template:Cite web</ref>

Home media

Y tu mamá también was released in the United States on DVD in an unrated version in 2002 by MGM Home Entertainment.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In 2014, it received a Blu-ray release as part of The Criterion Collection.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Reception

A box office success both domestically and abroad,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Y tu mamá también grossed $2.2 million in its first week, breaking Mexico's box office records for domestic films. It went on to gross a record $12 million in Mexico.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The film grossed $13.8 million in the US and Canada, making it the second-highest grossing Spanish language film in the United States at the time,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and poised Bernal for crossover success into American markets<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (Bernal's 2004 performance in The Motorcycle Diaries would go on to break this record). It grossed $33.6 million worldwide.<ref name=mojo/>

Critically, Y tu mamá también received acclaim upon its original release. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 90% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based upon a sample of 195. The website's critical consensus states, "Led by a triumvirate of terrific performances, Alfonso Cuarón's free-spirited road trip through Mexico is a sexy and wistful hymn to the fleetingness of youth".<ref name="rottentomatoes">Template:Cite web</ref> On Metacritic, the film received an average score of 89 out of 100 based on 36 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, saying, "Beneath the carefree road movie that the movie is happy to advertise is a more serious level—and below that, a dead serious level."<ref name="ebert">Template:Cite news</ref>

Y tu mamá también won the Best Screenplay Award at the Venice Film Festival.<ref name=Aguilar/> It was also a runner-up at the National Society of Film Critics Awards for Best Picture and Best Director<ref name=ChicagoTrib/> and earned a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the 2003 Academy Awards.<ref name=Oscar/> The film made its US premiere at the Hawaii International Film Festival.<ref name="honolulu">Template:Cite news</ref>

Censorship controversies

The film was released without a rating in the US because a market-limiting NC-17 was unavoidable.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The MPAA's presumed treatment of the film based on the graphic depiction of sex, nudity and drug use in comparison to its much more accepting standards regarding violence, prompted critic Roger Ebert to question why movie industry professionals were not outraged: "Why do serious film people not rise up in rage and tear down the rating system that infantilizes their work?"<ref name=ebert/>

In 2001, Alfonso and Carlos Cuarón sued the Mexican Directorate of Radio, Television, and Cinema (RTC) for the film's 18+ rating (A grade ‘C’ certificate from the RTC), which they considered illegal political censorship. They took legal action to expose the government-controlled ratings board, prompting its transformation into an autonomous organization free of government involvement and political influence. The 18+ rating was administered for strong sexual content, nudity involving teens, drug use, and explicit language, and prevented audiences under 18 from admittance. They claimed the ratings board was operating illegally by denying parents the right to choose who can watch the film, violating fundamental legal rights in Mexico.<ref name="Wood, 2006">Template:Cite book</ref>

Accolades

Award Category Recipient Result
Academy Awards<ref name=Oscar>Template:Cite web</ref> Best Original Screenplay Alfonso Cuarón and Carlos Cuarón Template:Nom
BAFTA Awards<ref name="bafta">Template:Cite web</ref> Best Film not in the English Language Template:Nom
Best Original Screenplay Alfonso Cuarón and Carlos Cuarón Template:Nom
Golden Globe Awards<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Best Foreign Language Film Template:Nom
National Society of Film Critics Awards<ref name=ChicagoTrib>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=NatSoc>Template:Cite web</ref> Best Film Template:Runner-up
Best Foreign Language Film Template:Won
Best Screenplay Alfonso Cuarón and Carlos Cuarón Template:Nom
Best Director Alfonso Cuarón Template:Runner-up
New York Film Critics Circle Awards<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Best Foreign Language Film Template:Won
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Best Foreign Language Film Template:Won
Independent Spirit Awards<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Best Foreign Film Template:Won
Grammy Awards<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media Template:Nom
Venice Film Festival<ref name=Aguilar>Template:Cite news</ref> Best Screenplay Alfonso Cuarón and Carlos Cuarón Template:Won

Best-of lists

References

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