View source for Ĵ

{{Short description|Latin letter J with circumflex}}
{{one source|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox grapheme
|name= J with circumflex
|letter= Ĵ ĵ [[h-system|Jh jh]] [[Esperanto orthography#X-system|Jx jx]]
|variations=
|image= Latin letter J with circumflex.svg
|imageclass= skin-invert-image
|imagealt=
|image2=
|imagesize2=
|imagealt2=
|boxsize=
|script= [[Latin script]]
|type= [[Alphabet]]
|typedesc=
|SHtype=
|SHform=
|mode=
|language= [[Esperanto language]]
|phonemes= {{IPAblink|ʒ}}
|unicode=U+0134 U+0135
|alphanumber=14
|fam1=<hiero>D36</hiero>
|fam2=[[File:Proto-semiticI-01.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Yad]]
|fam3=[[File:Proto-semiticI-02.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Yad]]
|fam4=[[Image:Phoenician yodh.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Yad]]
|fam5=[[File:Early Aramaic character - yud.png|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Yad]]
|fam6=[[File:Greek_Iota_normal.svg|class=skin-invert-image|20px|Early Yota]]
|fam7=[[Iota|Ιι]]
|fam8=[[𐌉]]
|fam9=[[I]] [[i]]
|fam10=[[J]] [[j]] [[ȷ]]
|usageperiod=1887 to present
|children=
|sisters=
|equivalents=
|associates=
|direction=Left-to-right
}}
{{Esperanto sidebar |expanded=Language}}
'''Ĵ''' or '''ĵ''' (J [[circumflex]]) is a letter in [[Esperanto orthography]] representing the sound {{IPAblink|ʒ}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/esperanto.htm|title=Esperanto language, alphabet and pronunciation}}</ref>

While Esperanto orthography uses a [[diacritic]] for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. ''Ĵ'' is based on the [[French language|French]] pronunciation of the letter ''[[j]]'' to better preserve the shape of borrowings from that language (such as ''ĵurnalo'' from ''journal'') than Slavic ''[[ž]]'' would.

{{H-system|Ĵ|ĵ|J|j|fourteenth}}

Ĵ is used in the [[Romanization of Persian|Persian]] Latin (Rumi) alphabet, equivalent to [[ژ]].{{cn|date=November 2023}}

==Usage==

===In mathematics===
* The letter ''ĵ'' is often used to denote a [[unit vector]] in mathematics and physics for representing y-vector.

==Character mappings==
{{charmap
| 0134 | name1 = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX
| 0135| name2 = LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX
}}

==See also==
* [[Ĉ]]
* [[Ĝ]]
* [[Ĥ]]
* [[Ŝ]]
* [[Ŭ]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Latin script}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:J-circumflex}}
[[Category:Esperanto letters with diacritics]]
[[Category:Latin letters with diacritics]]
{{Esperanto-stub}}
{{Latin-script-stub}}