View source for 1095

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1095}}
{{Year nav|1095}}
{{C11 year in topic}} 
[[File:Passages d'outremer Fr5594, fol. 19r, Concile de Clermont.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Urban II]] at the [[Council of Clermont]].]]
Year '''1095''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXCV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* March &ndash; Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] send envoys to [[Pope Urban II]] at the [[Council of Piacenza]] and appeals to the Christian states of [[Western Europe]] for military aid against the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks]]. Urban responds favourably, hoping to heal the [[East–West Schism|Great Schism]] of 40 years earlier, and to reunite the [[Catholic Church]] under [[papal primacy]] by helping the Eastern churches.
* Summer &ndash; The nomadic [[Cumans]] cross the [[Danube|River Danube]] and invade [[Thrace (theme)|Thrace]], to support the pretender [[Constantine Diogenes (pretender)|Constantine Diogenes]] (son of the late Emperor [[Romanos IV Diogenes|Romanos IV]]). The Cumans occupy the province of [[Paristrion]] (located in the Lower Danube). Emperor Alexios I places Byzantine detachments to guard the passes over the [[Balkan Mountains]], but they are bypassed.

==== Europe ====
* The [[County of Portugal|Second County of Portugal]] is established by Count [[Henry, Count of Portugal|Henry of Burgundy]]. The [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] start pushing back the forces of King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]] ("the Brave") to the positions they occupied a decade earlier. This offensive begins with the re-conquest of [[Lisbon]], which had been given away to [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] in [[1091]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=109}}</ref>
* July &ndash; [[Coloman, King of Hungary|Coloman]] ("the Learned") begins to establish himself as ruler of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], following the death of his uncle, King [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|Ladislaus I]] (until [[1116]]). 
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Olaf I of Denmark]] ("Hunger") dies after a 9-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother [[Eric I of Denmark|Eric I]] ("the Good") as king of [[Denmark]].

==== England ====
* January &ndash; After attacking four Norwegian merchant ships lying in the [[River Tyne]], [[Robert de Mowbray]], earl of [[Northumberland]], is called for by King [[William II of England]] to explain his actions. Instead, Mowbray rises up in rebellion against William along with other Norman nobles. William leads an army and besieges [[Bamburgh Castle]]; de Mowbray is captured after fleeing the stronghold.

=== Fatimid Empire ===
* The rebellion of [[Nizar ibn al-Mustansir|Nizar]] is squashed by [[Al-Afdal Shahanshah|al-Afdal]]. Nizar is [[immured]] and his death results in a [[schism]] of [[Ismaili Shia]]. While Shiites in Egypt, Yemen and parts of Syria remain loyal to the new caliph, [[Al-Musta'li]], the Persian and many other Eastern Shiites under [[Hasan-i Sabbah]] break away in the newly formed [[Nizari Ismaili state]].

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* [[November 18]] &ndash; The [[Council of Clermont]] begins. The synod is called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the [[First Crusade]] to the [[Holy Land]].
* [[November 27]] &ndash; Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont; [[Peter the Hermit]] begins to preach throughout [[France]].
* [[November 28]] &ndash; Urban II appoints Bishop [[Adhemar of Le Puy]] and Count [[Raymond IV of Toulouse]] ("Saint-Gilles"), to lead the First Crusade.
* The [[Isma'ilism|Ismaili Shia]] split into the [[Musta'li Ismailism|Musta'li]] and [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari]] branch.
* [[Valence Cathedral]] is consecrated in [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]] (approximate date).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Usama ibn Munqidh]], Arabian diplomat and poet (d. [[1188]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Roger II of Sicily|Roger II]], king of [[Count of Sicily|Sicily]] (d. [[1154]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger II {{!}} Facts & Biography |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=14 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Amadeus III of Savoy|Amadeus III]], count of [[Savoy]] and [[Maurienne]] (d. [[1148]])
* [[Kaya-no-in|Fujiwara no Taishi]], Japanese empress (d. [[1156]])
* [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]], English historian (d. [[1155]])
* [[Hériman of Tournai]], French [[chronicle]]r (d. [[1147]])
* [[Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] and advisor (d. [[1177]])
* [[Hugh Candidus]], English monk and historian (d. [[1160]])
* [[Kakuban|Kōgyō-Daishi]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] priest (d. [[1143]])
* [[Robert Fitzharding]], English nobleman (d. [[1170]])
* [[Ulvhild Håkansdotter]], twice Swedish queen consort and once Danish queen consort (d. 1148)
* [[Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)|Victor IV]] (Octavian), antipope of [[Rome]] (d. [[1164]])
* [[William II, Duke of Apulia|William II]], duke of [[County of Apulia and Calabria|Apulia and Calabria]] (d. [[1127]])
* [[William of Malmesbury]], English historian (d. 1143)
* [[Zishou Miaozong]], Chinese [[Zen]] master (d. 1170)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Wulfstan (died 1095)|Wulfstan]], bishop of [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|Worcester]]
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Judith of Flanders (died 1095)|Judith of Flanders]], duchess of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Sophia of Hungary]], duchess of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]]
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Robert the Lotharingian]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]]
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|Ladislaus I]], king of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] 
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Olaf I of Denmark|Olaf I]] ("Hunger"), king of [[Denmark]]
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Leopold II, Margrave of Austria|Leopold II]], margrave of [[Margravate of Austria|Austria]] (b. [[1050]])
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Donngus Ua hAingliu]], Irish bishop
* [[Agapetus of the Kiev Caves|Agapetus of Pechersk]], Kievan monk and doctor
* [[Al-Azdi al-Humaydi|Al-Humaydī]], Andalusian scholar and writer (b. [[1029]])
* [[Ali ibn Faramurz]], Kakuyid emir of [[Yazd]] and [[Abarkuh]]
* [[Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad]], Abbadid emir of [[Taifa of Seville|Seville]] (b. [[1040]])
* [[Gerald of Sauve-Majeure]], French [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] abbot
* [[Godred Crovan]], Norse-Gaelic king of [[Kingdom of Dublin|Dublin]]
* [[Henry of Laach]], German count palatine of the [[Rhine]]
* [[Nizar ibn al-Mustansir]], Fatimid prince (b. September 26 [[1045]])
* [[Robert, Count of Mortain|Robert]], 2nd [[Earl of Cornwall]] (approximate date)
* [[Ruben I, Prince of Armenia|Ruben I]] (or Rupen), prince of [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Armenia]] (b. [[1025]])
* [[Shen Kuo]], Chinese [[polymath]] scientist and engineer (b. [[1031]])
* [[Tutush I]], Seljuk emir of [[Damascus]] and [[Aleppo]]
* [[Vitale Faliero]] (or Falier de' Doni), doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]
* [[William I, Count of Cerdanya|William I]], count of [[County of Cerdanya|Cerdanya]] and [[Berga]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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