View source for 1097

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1097}}
{{Year nav|1097}}
{{C11 year in topic}} 
[[File:Anatolia 1097.svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of [[Anatolia]] during the [[First Crusade]].]]

Year '''1097''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MXCVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== First Crusade ====
* Spring &ndash; The Crusaders under [[Godfrey of Bouillon]] attack the Byzantine imperial palace at [[Blachernae]]. Norman forces led by [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond I]] join the Crusaders – he is not welcome in [[Constantinople]] because his father, [[Robert Guiscard]], has invaded [[Illyria]] (territory belonging to the [[Byzantine Empire]]), and captured the cities of [[Durrës|Dyrrhachium]] and [[Corfu (city)|Corfu]] (see [[1084]]).
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Siege of Nicaea]]: The Crusaders begin their campaign with the siege of [[Nicaea]] (the capital of the [[Sultanate of Rum]]), assigning their forces to different sections of the walls, which are well-defended with 200 towers. Towards the end, an advance party of the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks]] is defeated by troops of [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse]] ("Saint-Gilles") and [[Robert II, Count of Flanders|Robert II]].<ref name="norman adversaries">{{cite book|last=Abels|first=Richard Philip|title=The Normans and their adversaries at war|year=2001|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|location=Woodbridge|isbn=0-85115-847-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOic9EEo3PIC&q=The+occasion+of+the+coming+of+the+Normans+to+southern+Italy|author2=Bernard S. Bachrach|page=92}}</ref> 
* [[June 19]] &ndash; The Seljuk Turks surrender Nicaea to the Crusaders after a month siege. The Byzantines occupy the city; their commander [[Manuel Boutoumites]] is named by Emperor [[Alexios I Komnenos]] as ''[[Dux|doux]]'' of Nicaea. In the consternation the Crusaders are not allowed to plunder the city and are forced (again) to pledge their allegiance to Alexios.
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)|Battle of Dorylaeum]]: The Crusaders defeat a Seljuk army led by [[Kilij Arslan I]], ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, who wants revenge for the capture of Nicaea. During the battle many Crusaders are killed but the Seljuk Turks are forced to flee and abandon their tents and treasure after being surprised by the arrival of a second Crusader army.
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Siege of Antioch]]: The Crusaders arrive outside the city and begin the siege. They can not impose a complete blockade on Antioch. The Seljuk garrison comes out of the city to harass Crusader siege-lines and intercept supply convoys (supported by a Genoese fleet of 12 galleys) from [[Port Saint Symeon|Saint Symeon]] and [[İskenderun|Alexandretta]] (modern [[Turkey]]).<ref name=antioch>{{cite web|last=Rickard|first=J.|title=Antioch, crusader siege of, 21 October 1097-3 June 1098|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_antioch_crusader.html|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; Battle of Harenc: The Crusaders under the command of Bohemond I and Robert II defeat Seljuk forces from [[Aleppo]], which try to relieve besieged Antioch.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rickard|first=J.|title=Battle of Harenc, 9 February 1098|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_harenc1097.html|access-date=4 January 2012}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* April/May &ndash; [[Battle of Gvozd Mountain]]: In an attempt to win the crown of the [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Kingdom of Croatia]], the Hungarian army crosses the [[Drava|Drava River]] and invades Croatia. King [[Petar Snačić|Peter II]] of Croatia moves his residency at [[Knin]] Castle to defend his kingdom. The two armies meet each other near Gvozd Mountain (modern-day [[Mala Kapela]]). After a fierce battle Peter, the last Croatian king, is defeated and killed by the Hungarians.
* Summer &ndash; Almoravid forces launch a new campaign in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]). Sultan [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], leader of the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid Empire]], is honored with the title of ''Amir al Muslimin'' ("Commander of the Muslims").<ref>Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of Consuegra]]: The Castilian and Leonese army (30,000 men) of King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Alfonso VI]] ('"the Brave") is defeated by Almoravid forces (10,000 men) near the Castle of [[Consuegra]].

==== Scotland====
* King [[Donald III of Scotland]] ("the Fair") is deposed by his nephew [[Edgar, King of Scotland|Edgar]] (who is supported by King [[William II of England]]) after a 4-year reign. Edgar (nicknamed ''Probus'', "the Valliant") becomes ruler of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] until [[1107]].

==== England====
* William II orders the construction of [[Palace of Westminster#Westminster Hall|Westminster Hall]] near [[Westminster Abbey]] in [[London]]. The hall is designed to hold [[banquet]]s, ceremonies and coronations that take place in the Abbey nearby.

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* October &ndash; [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Canterbury|Canterbury]], goes into [[exile]]. Conflicts between him and William II result in Anselm leaving [[Kingdom of England|England]] and heading for [[Rome]]. William confiscates Anselm's land.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Tadamichi]], Japanese [[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1164]])
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[André de Montbard]], French nobleman (d. [[1156]])
* [[Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi]], Persian scholar and [[Sufism|Sufi]] (d. [[1168]])
* [[Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi]], Persian [[polymath]] and official (d. [[1169]])
* [[Cecile of France]], French princess and countess of [[County of Tripoli|Tripoli]] (d. [[1145]])
* [[Conrad, Margrave of Meissen|Conrad I]] ("the Great"), margrave of [[Margravate of Meissen|Meissen]] (approximate date) (d. [[1157]])
* [[Muhammad Buzurg Ummid]], Persian ruler of [[Alamut Castle|Alamut]] (d. [[1162]])
* [[Zhang Jun (Song chancellor)|Zhang Jun]], Chinese general and [[Grand chancellor (China)|grand chancellor]] (d. 1164)

== Deaths ==
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Agnes of Aquitaine, Queen of Aragon and Navarre|Agnes of Aquitaine]], queen consort of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]]
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Wen Yanbo (Song dynasty)|Wen Yanbo]], Chinese grand chancellor (b. [[1006]])
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Diego Rodríguez (Son of El Cid)|Diego Rodríguez]], Castilian nobleman
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan|Albert Azzo II]], margrave of [[March of Genoa|Milan]] and [[Liguria]]
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Heonjong of Goryeo|Heonjong]], Korean king of [[Goryeo]] (b. [[1084]])
* [[Baldwin Chauderon]], French nobleman and crusader
* [[Florine of Burgundy]], French noblewoman and crusader (b. [[1083]])
* [[Herman of Hauteville]], Norman nobleman and crusader
* [[Marpa Lotsawa]], Tibetan [[Tibetan Buddhism|Buddhist]] teacher (b. [[1012]])
* [[Minamoto no Tsunenobu]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1016]])
* [[Muhya bint Al-Tayyani]], Andalusian female poet
* [[Odo of Bayeux]], Norman nobleman and bishop
* [[Petar Snačić|Peter II]], king of [[Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)|Croatia]] (see [[Battle of Gvozd Mountain]])
* [[Sweyn the Crusader]], Danish nobleman and crusader

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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