View source for 10th Mountain Division

{{Short description|Combat formation of the United States Army}}
{{Redirect|10th Mountain|the Ukrainian unit|10th Mountain Assault Brigade}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = 10th Mountain Division
| image                         = Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 10th Mountain Division (1944-2015).svg
| caption                       = 10th Mountain Division [[Shoulder sleeve insignia|Shoulder Sleeve Insignia]]
| country                       = {{Flagu|United States|size=23px}}
| branch                        = {{army|United States}}
| type                          = [[Brigade combat team#Infantry brigade combat team|Light infantry]]
| dates                         = 1943–1945<br />1948–1958<br />1985–present
| command_structure             = {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army XVIII Airborne Corps.svg|size=23px}} [[XVIII Airborne Corps (United States)|XVIII Airborne Corps]]
| size                          = [[Division (military)#United States|Division]]
| current_commander             = [[Major General (United States)|Major General]] Scott M. Naumann
| commander2                    = [[Brigadier General (United States)|Brigadier General]] Joseph Escandon
| commander2_label              = Deputy Commanding General – Operations
| commander3                    = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] Matthew W. Braman
| commander3_label              = Deputy Commander – Readiness
| commander4                    = [[Command Sergeant Major]] Brett W. Johnson
| commander4_label              = Command Sergeant Major
| garrison                      = [[Fort Drum]], New York
| ceremonial_chief              = 
| nickname                      = The Mountaineers
| motto                         = "Climb to Glory"<ref name="TIOH" />
| colors                        = Red and Blue
| march                         = 
| mascot                        = 
| battles                       = {{Tree list}}
* '''[[World War II]]'''
** [[Operation Cottage]]
** [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|North Apennines]]
*** [[Spring 1945 offensive in Italy|Po Valley]]
*** [[Battle of Monte Castello]]
*** [[Operation Encore]]
* '''[[Somali Civil War|Somalia]]'''
** [[Operation Gothic Serpent]]
** [[Operation Restore Hope]]
** [[Operation Continue Hope]]
* '''[[Haiti]]'''
** [[Operation Uphold Democracy]]
* '''[[War on terror]]''' 
** [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]]
** [[Operation Anaconda]]
** [[Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif]]
** [[Battle of Takur Ghar]]
** [[Battle of Qala-i-Jangi]]
** [[Operation Mountain Resolve]]
** [[Operation Mountain Viper]]
** [[Operation Avalanche (Afghanistan)|Operation Avalanche]]
** [[Operation Medusa]]
** [[Battle of Kamdesh]]
** [[Battle of Ganjgal]]
** [[Operation Halmazag]]
** [[Pakistan–United States skirmishes]]
* '''[[Iraq War]]'''
** [[First Battle of Fallujah]]
** [[Operation Squeeze Play]]
** [[Siege of Sadr City]]
** [[Operation Together Forward]]
** Operation Eagle Ares
** [[Operation Commando Eagle]]
** [[Operation Inherent Resolve]]
* '''[[Operation Atlantic Resolve]]'''
* '''[[Operation Freedom's Sentinel]]'''
* '''[[Operation Allies Refuge]]'''
{{Tree list/end}}
| notable_commanders            = [[George Price Hays|George P. Hays]]<br />[[James Edward Moore]]<br />[[Thomas Leonard Harrold|Thomas L. Harrold]]<br />[[Philip De Witt Ginder]]<br />[[Barksdale Hamlett]]<br />[[James L. Campbell]]<br />[[Franklin L. Hagenbeck]]<br />[[Lloyd Austin]]<br />[[Benjamin Freakley|Benjamin C. Freakley]]<br />[[Michael L. Oates]]<br />[[James L. Terry]]<br />[[Mark A. Milley]]
| anniversaries                 = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol         = [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|80px|center]]
| identification_symbol_label   = [[Distinctive unit insignia]] of the Division's Headquarters Battalion
| identification_symbol_2       = [[File:Patch of the 10th Mountain Division (Scorpion W2).png|125px|center]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Subdued shoulder sleeve insignia worn on OCP-ACU
| identification_symbol_3       = [[File:10th Mountain Division CSIB.jpg|125px|center]]
| identification_symbol_3_label = [[Combat service identification badge]]
| identification_symbol_4       = [[File:Flag of the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division.svg|125px|border|center]]
| identification_symbol_4_label = Division flag
| identification_symbol_5       = {{Mil Map Symbol
| UNIT SHORT NAME = 10
| PARENT SHORT NAME = 
| UNIT ICON = Military Symbol - Friendly Unit (Solid Light 1.5x1 Frame)- Infantry - Light Infantry (NATO APP-6A).svg
| UNIT SIZE ICON = NATO Map Symbol - Unit Size - Division.svg
| ICON SIZE = 100
}}
| identification_symbol_5_label = [[NATO Joint Military Symbology|NATO Map Symbol]]
}}
{{Military unit sidebar|title=US Infantry Divisions|previous=[[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Division]]|next=see [[Divisions of the United States Army#Infantry divisions 2|Infantry divisions (1941–present)]]}}

The '''10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry)''' is a [[light infantry]] [[division (military)|division]] in the [[United States Army]] based at [[Fort Drum]], New York. Formerly designated as a [[mountain warfare]] unit, the division was the only one of its size in the U.S. military to receive specialized training for fighting in mountainous conditions. More recently, the 10th Mountain has advised and assisted [[Iraqi security forces|Iraqi Security Forces]] in [[Iraq]] and [[People's Defense Units]] in [[Syria]].

Originally activated as the '''10th Light Division (Alpine)''' in 1943, the division was redesignated the 10th Mountain Division in 1944 and fought in the mountains of [[Italy]] in some of the roughest terrain in [[World War II]]. On 5 May 1945, the division reached [[Nauders]], Austria, just beyond the [[Reschen Pass]], where it made contact with German forces being pushed south by the [[United States Seventh Army|U.S. Seventh Army]]. A status quo was maintained until the enemy headquarters involved had completed their surrender to the Seventh. On 6 May, 10th Mountain troops met the 44th Infantry Division of Seventh Army.<ref name=Alps>{{cite web |url=http://www.milhist.net/mto/racealps.html |title=5th Army History • Conclusion |first=Patrick G. |last=Skely |access-date=19 April 2015 |archive-date=13 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413134030/http://www.milhist.net/mto/racealps.html}}</ref>

Following the war, the division was deactivated, only to be reactivated and redesignated as the '''10th Infantry Division''' in 1948. The division first acted as a training division and, in 1954, was converted to a full combat division and, in 1955, was sent to Germany before being deactivated again in 1958.

Reactivated again in 1985, the division was designated the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) to historically tie it to the World War II division and to also better describe its modern disposition. Since its reactivation, the division or elements of the division have deployed numerous times. The division has participated in [[Operation Desert Storm]] ([[Saudi Arabia]]), [[Hurricane Andrew]] disaster relief ([[Homestead, Florida]]), [[Operation Restore Hope]] and [[Operation Continue Hope]] ([[Somalia]]), [[Operation Uphold Democracy]] ([[Haiti]]), [[Operation Joint Forge]] ([[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]), [[Operation Joint Guardian]] ([[Kosovo]]), and several deployments as part of the [[Multinational Force and Observers]] ([[Sinai Peninsula]]).

Since 2002, the 10th Mountain Division has been the most deployed regular Army unit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://10thmountaindivisioninfo.com/todays-10th-mountain-division/ |title=Today's 10th Moun/tain Division |publisher=10th Mountain Division Info}}</ref> Its combat brigades have seen over 20 deployments, to both [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]], in support of [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] and [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].

== History ==

===Genesis of U.S. mountain troops===

In November 1939, two months after World War II broke out in Europe, during the [[Winter War|Soviet Union's invasion of Finland]], [[Red Army]] efforts were frustrated following the destruction of two armored divisions by Finnish [[ski warfare|soldiers on skis]].<ref name="Pushies7">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=7}}</ref> The conflict caught global attention as the outnumbered and outgunned Finnish soldiers were able to use the difficult local terrain to their advantage,<ref name="Shelton89">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|pp=8–9}}</ref> severely hampering the Soviet attacks and embarrassing their military.<ref name="Shelton10">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=10}}</ref> Upon seeing the effectiveness of these troops, [[Charles Minot Dole|Charles Minot "Minnie" Dole]], the president of the [[National Ski Patrol]], began to lobby the [[United States Department of War|War Department]] of the need for a similar unit of troops in the United States Army, trained for fighting in [[Arctic warfare|winter]] and [[mountain warfare]]. In September 1940, Dole was able to present his case to [[General (United States)|General]] [[George C. Marshall]], the Army Chief of Staff, who agreed with Dole's assessment, deciding to create a "Mountain" unit for fighting in harsh terrain. The U.S. Army authorized the formation of the platoon-sized Army Ski Patrol in November 1940. The first Patrol was formed at [[Camp Murray]] as part of the [[41st Infantry Division (United States)|41st Infantry Division]] under Lt. Ralph S. Phelps (later to become commanding General of the 41st).<ref>Look magazine page 4, 25 March 1941</ref> The army, prompted by fears that its standing force would not perform well in the event of a winter attack on the [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern coast]], as well as knowledge that the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] already had three [[mountain warfare]] divisions known as [[Gebirgsjäger]], approved the concept for a division.<ref name="BG15" /> This required an overhaul of [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] doctrine, as the concept of winter warfare had not been tested in the army since 1914.<ref name="Shelton13">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=13}}</ref> At first, planners envisioned ten mountain divisions, but personnel shortages revised the goal to three. Eventually, the 10th Mountain Division would be the only one brought to active duty.<ref name="BG15">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=15}}</ref> Military leaders continued to express concern about the feasibility of a division-sized mountain warfare unit until the fall of 1941,<ref name="Shelton15">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=15}}</ref> when they received reports that [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greek]] mountain troops had held back superior numbers of unprepared [[Kingdom of Italy|Italian]] troops in the [[Albania]]n mountains during the [[Greco-Italian War]]. The Italian military had lost a disastrous 25,000 men in the campaign because of their lack of preparedness to fight in the mountains.<ref name="Shelton2425">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|pp=24–25}}</ref><ref name="Skiing8">{{harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=8}}</ref> On 22 October 1941, General Marshall decided to form the first battalion of mountain warfare troops for a new mountain division.<ref name="BG16">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=16}}</ref> The Ski Patrol would assist in its training.<ref name="Pushies10">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=10}}</ref>

On 8 December 1941, the day after the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] and the subsequent American entry into World War II, the army activated its first mountain unit, the [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Mountain Infantry Battalion]] (which was later expanded to the [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]]) at [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], south of [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]].<ref name="BG16" /> It was the first mountain warfare unit in U.S. military history.<ref name="Skiing5">{{harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=5}}</ref> The [[National Ski Patrol]] took on the unique role of recruiting for the 87th Infantry Regiment and later the division, becoming the only civilian recruiting agency in military history.<ref name="BG16" /> Army planners favored recruiting experienced skiers for the unit instead of trying to train standing troops in mountain warfare, so Dole recruited from schools, universities, and ski clubs for the unit.<ref name="BG17">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=17}}</ref> The 87th trained in harsh conditions, including [[Mount Rainier]]'s {{convert|14411|ft|adj=on}} peak, throughout 1942 as more recruits were brought in to form the division.<ref name="BG18">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=18}}</ref><ref name="Shelton34">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=34}}</ref> Initial training was conducted by Olympian [[Rolf Monsen]].<ref name="Pushies8">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=8}}</ref> A new garrison was built for the division in central [[Colorado]] at [[Camp Hale]], at an [[elevation]] of {{convert|9200|ft|-1}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="Pushies11">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=11}}</ref><ref name="BG20" />

=== World War II ===
The '''10th Light Division (Alpine)''' was constituted on 10 July 1943<ref name="Feueriv">{{harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=iv}}</ref> and activated five days later at [[Camp Hale]] under the command of [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] [[Lloyd E. Jones]], with Brigadier General [[Frank L. Culin Jr.]] assigned as his assistant division commander (ADC).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.army.mil/books/agf/agf28.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214151959/http://www.history.army.mil/books/agf/agf28.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 December 2007 |title=History of the tenth Light Division (Alpine): The Army Ground Forces Study No. 28 |last=Govan |first=Thomas P. |date=September 1, 1946 |website=history.army.mil |publisher=U.S. Army ground Forces |location=Washington, DC |access-date=July 5, 2021}}</ref> The 10th Light Division was centered on regimental commands; the [[85th Infantry Regiment (United States)|85th]], [[86th Infantry Regiment (United States)|86th]], and [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiments]].<ref name="Almanac592">{{harvnb|Young|1959|p=592}}</ref> At the time, the division had a strength of 8,500 out of the 16,000 planned, so the military transferred troops from the [[30th Infantry Division (United States)|30th]], [[31st Infantry Division (United States)|31st]], and [[33rd Infantry Division (United States)|33rd Infantry Divisions]] along with volunteers from the [[Maine Department of Defense, Veterans, and Emergency Management|National Guards of Maine]], [[New Hampshire National Guard|New Hampshire]], [[Vermont National Guard|Vermont]], [[New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs|New York]], [[Michigan National Guard|Michigan]], [[Wisconsin National Guard|Wisconsin]], [[Minnesota National Guard|Minnesota]], [[Iowa National Guard|Iowa]], [[North Dakota National Guard|North]] and [[South Dakota National Guard|South Dakota]], [[Colorado National Guard|Colorado]], [[Wyoming Military Department|Wyoming]], [[Montana National Guard|Montana]], [[Idaho Military Department|Idaho]], [[Utah National Guard|Utah]] and [[Washington National Guard|Washington]] (specifically, men who were from the [[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain]] and [[Northern United States|northern states]], close to the [[45th parallel north]]), to fill out the remainder of the division.<ref name="BG19">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=19}}</ref> This lowered morale, and the division faced many difficulties in the new training, which had no established army doctrine.<ref name="BG20">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=20}}</ref> Also assigned to the division were the 604th, 605th, and 616th Field Artillery Battalions, the 110th Signal Company, the 710th Ordnance Company, the 10th Quartermaster Company, the 10th Reconnaissance Troop, the 126th Engineer Battalion, the 10th Medical Battalion, and the 10th Counterintelligence Corps Detachment.<ref name="Almanac592" /><ref name="Feuervi">{{harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=vi}}</ref> The 10th Light Division was unique in that it was the only division in the army with three [[field artillery]] battalions instead of four.<ref name="Almanac592" /> It was equipped with vehicles specialized in snow operation, such as the [[M29 Weasel]],<ref name="Pushies12">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=12}}</ref> and winter weather gear, such as white camouflage and skis specifically designed for the division.<ref name="Pushies6">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008|p=6}}</ref><ref name="Shelton2">{{harvnb|Shelton|2003|p=2}}</ref> 

The division practiced its [[rock climbing]] skills in preparation for the invasion of [[Italy]] on the challenging peaks of [[Seneca Rocks]] in [[West Virginia]]. Its specialized training culminated with what were known as the "D-Series" ("D" for "Divisional"), military maneuvers on the divisional level in the Colorado Rockies  in Winter conditions.<ref>Maurice Isserman, ''The Winter Army'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2019), p.&nbsp;109 {{ISBN|978-0-358-41424-7}}</ref> Beginning 26 March 1944, the exercises were intended to last five weeks. The soldiers endured an adverse environment, and "tactical conditions" that banned open fires in sub-zero temperatures.<ref>Isserman, p.&nbsp;110</ref> As a result the exercises were ended after 3 weeks. Official statistics recorded 195 cases of frostbite and 340 other incapacitating injuries.<ref>Isserman, ''Winter Army'', p.&nbsp;114</ref>

On 22 June 1944, the division was shipped to [[Camp Swift, Texas]], to prepare for maneuvers in [[Louisiana]], which were later canceled. A period of acclimation to a low altitude and hot climate was thought necessary to prepare for this training.<ref name="BG25">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=25}}</ref> On 6 November 1944, the 10th Division was redesignated the '''10th Mountain Division'''.<ref name="Lineage" /> That same month, the blue and white [[Mountain tab|"Mountain" tab]] was authorized for the division's new [[shoulder sleeve insignia]].<ref name=TIOH>{{cite web|title=10th Mountain Division: Shoulder Sleeve Insignia|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=3316&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services|website=The Institute of Heraldry|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082854/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=3316&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Also in November, the division received a new commander, Brigadier General [[George Price Hays]], a [[Medal of Honor]] recipient and a distinguished veteran of [[World War I]]. On January 4, 1945 he received a promotion to major general.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://generals.dk/general/Hays/George_Price/USA.html|title=Biography of Lieutenant-General George Price Hays (1892 – 1978), USA|website=generals.dk}}</ref>

<gallery widths=200 heights=200>
File:Lloyd E. Jones (US Army General) 2.jpg|Brigadier General Lloyd E. Jones observes troops land at Amchitka Island during the Aleutians Campaign, shortly before assuming command of the 10th Light Division.
File:Lt. Gen. George P. Hays.jpg|Lt. Gen. George P. Hays assumed command after Jones fell ill in 1944.
</gallery>

==== Italy ====
The division sailed for the [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian front]] in two parts, with the 86th Infantry and support leaving [[Camp Patrick Henry]], [[Virginia]] on 11 December 1944 aboard the [[SS Argentina (1929)|SS ''Argentina'']] and arriving in [[Naples]], Italy on 22 December. The 85th and 87th Infantry left [[Hampton Roads, Virginia]] on 4 January 1945 aboard the [[SS America (1940)|SS ''West Point'']] and arrived on 13 January 1945.<ref name="Feuervii">{{harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=vii}}</ref> By 6 January, its support units were preparing to head to the front lines.<ref name="Almanac590">{{harvnb|Young|1959|p=590}}</ref> It was attached to Major General [[Willis D. Crittenberger]]'s [[IV Corps (United States)|IV Corps]], part of the [[United States Army North|American Fifth Army]], commanded by [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] [[Lucian Truscott]].<ref name="Skiing6">{{harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=6}}</ref> By 8 January, the 86th Infantry had moved to [[Bagni di Lucca]] near {{ill|Mount Belvedere|it|Monte Belvedere (Appennino tosco-emiliano)}} in preparation for an offensive by the Fifth Army to capture the mountain along with surrounding high ground, which allowed the Axis to block advances to [[Po Valley]]. Starting 14 January, the division began moving to [[Pisa, Italy|Pisa]] as part of the Fifth Army massing for this attack.<ref name="Feuervii" />

By 20 January, all three of the 10th's regiments were on or near the front line between the Serchio Valley and Mt. Belvedere. Col. Raymond C. Barlow commanded the 85th Regiment, Col. Clarence M. Tomlinson the 86th, and Col. David M. Fowler the 87th.<ref>McKay Jenkins, ''The Last Ridge'' (New York: Random House, 2003), p.&nbsp;149 {{ISBN|0-375-50771-X}}</ref>

Preliminary defensive actions in mid-February were followed by ''[[Operation Encore]]'', a series of attacks in conjunction with troops of the [[Brazilian Expeditionary Force|1st Brazilian Infantry Division]], to dislodge the Germans from their artillery positions in the [[Apennine Mountains#Northern Apennines|Northern Apennines]] on the border between [[Tuscany]] and [[Emilia-Romagna]] regions, in order to make possible the Allied advance over the [[Po Valley]].<ref name="BG26">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=26 to 32}}</ref> While the Brazilian division was in charge of taking [[Battle of Monte Castello|Monte Castello]] and ''Castelnuovo'' di [[Vergato]], the 10th Mountain Division was responsible for the Mount Belvedere area, climbing nearby Riva Ridge during the night of 18 February and attacking {{ill|Mount della Torraccia|it|Monte della Torraccia}} on 20 February. These peaks were cleared after four days of heavy fighting, as [[Axis powers|Axis]] troops launched several [[counterattack]]s in these positions.<ref name="Feuerviii">{{harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=viii}}</ref>

In early March, the division fought its way north of Canolle and moved to within {{convert|15|mi|km}} of [[Bologna]].<ref name="Almanac591">{{harvnb|Young|1959|p=591}}</ref> On 5 March, while Brazilian units captured Castelnuovo, the 85th and the 87th Infantry took respectively Mount Della Spe and [[Castel D'Aiano]], cutting the Axis routes of resupply and communication into the Po Valley, setting the stage for the next Fifth Army offensive.<ref name="Feuerviii" /> The division maintained defensive positions in this area for three weeks, anticipating a [[counteroffensive]] by the [[Wehrmacht|German forces]].<ref name="Almanac591" />

==== Lake Garda operations and the end of combat ====

In the final days of April 1945, as German defenses in northern Italy collapsed, the [[10th Mountain Division (United States)|10th Mountain Division]] advanced north toward [[Lake Garda]] in pursuit of retreating forces. The difficult terrain and destroyed infrastructure around the lake required the use of amphibious [[DUKW]] vehicles for transport and assault. On the night of 30 April, one such vehicle carrying 25 soldiers sank during the crossing, resulting in one of the last and most tragic losses of the [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]]. That same day, the divisions newly appointed Assistant Commander, [[William O. Darby|Colonel William Orlando Darby]]—founder of the [[United States Army Rangers|U.S. Army Rangers]]—was killed by artillery fire in [[Torbole sul Garda|Torbole]], together with Sergeant Major John T. Evans. The events at Lake Garda marked the final combat actions for the 10th Mountain Division in Europe and have since become a lasting symbol of the cost of liberation. Their story, long preserved by veterans and local historians, was later chronicled through research and documentary projects led by Italian and American collaborators, including [[Associazione Benàch]] and the 2023 film ''[[The Lost Mountaineers]]''.<ref name="BenachProject">[https://www.associazionebenach.com/projects/the-lost-mountaineers Associazione Benàch – “The Lost Mountaineers Project”]</ref><ref name="BenachDarby">[https://www.associazionebenach.com/darby-project Associazione Benàch – “Darby Project: Lake Garda and the 10th Mountain Division”]</ref>

The division resumed its attack on 14 April 1945, pressing forward on multiple axes. That day it assaulted Torre Iussi and Rocca Roffeno, north of Mount Della Spe. After stiff fighting, on 17 April it broke through the German [[Gothic Line]] defenses, opening the way into the [[Po Valley]]. Over the next days the advance continued: on 20 April the 10th captured Mongiorgio and pushed into the Po plain, taking key positions at Pradalbino and Bomporto.<ref name="ArmyHistory">[https://history.army.mil/html/books/011/11-4/CMH_Pub_11-4.pdf U.S. Army Center of Military History, ''The 10th Mountain Division in World War II'']</ref><ref name="wiki10th">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Mountain_Division Wikipedia: "10th Mountain Division"</ref> The division crossed the [[Po River]] at San Benedetto Po on 23 April, reached [[Verona]] on 25 April, and encountered heavy resistance in the areas of [[Torbole]] and [[Nago–Torbole|Nago]].<ref name="wiki10th" />

Because the routes around Lake Garda had been rendered impassable by destroyed tunnels and bridges, the division carried out an amphibious crossing of the lake using [[DUKW]] vehicles. On 30 April it secured [[Gargnano]] and [[Tremosine sul Garda|Porto di Tremosine]] on the western shore, effectively ending organized German resistance in northern Italy.<ref name="ArmyHistory" />

That same night, however, a tragic accident occurred. During a night operation to transport troops and equipment across Lake Garda from Torbole toward the northern shore, one DUKW carrying 25 men of the 10th Mountain Division sank in deep water during rough weather. The vehicle, heavily loaded with men, a [[M116 howitzer|75 mm pack howitzer]], ammunition, and gear, began taking on water and foundered before rescue could reach it. Only one soldier, Corporal Thomas E. Hough, survived; the others were declared [[Missing in action|Missing in Action (MIA)]] and remain unaccounted for.<ref name="WarfareHistory">[https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-lost-dukw-of-lake-garda/ ''The Lost DUKW of Lake Garda'', Warfare History Network]</ref><ref name="NavyTimes">[https://www.navy.mil/Resources/Blog/article/2253487/search-for-wwii-soldiers-in-italys-lake-garda/ Navy Times: “Submarine search ends for remains of American WWII soldiers in Italys Lake Garda” (2018)]</ref>

The site of the sinking remained unknown for decades, despite repeated efforts by the U.S. Army, local divers, and underwater archaeology teams. In 2012, after several unsuccessful surveys, the Italian volunteer rescue group [[Volontari del Garda]] located the wreck upright on the lakebed using sonar and remotely operated vehicles.<ref name="WarfareHistory" /> The ongoing research and commemorative work were later supported by the Italian historical association [[Associazione Benàch]], which collaborated with local authorities and U.S. veterans’ families to preserve the memory of the missing soldiers.<ref name="BenachProject" />

The 2023 documentary ''[[The Lost Mountaineers]]'', produced by the [[Fondazione Museo Storico del Trentino]] in collaboration with Associazione Benàch, chronicles these final days of combat and the search for the lost soldiers. The film reconstructs the events leading to the sinking, the experiences of the men aboard, and the decades-long recovery efforts. It also situates the tragedy within the wider story of the 10th Mountain Divisions campaign in northern Italy and its human cost.<ref name="BenachMakingOf">[https://www.associazionebenach.com/the-lost-mountaineers-the-making-of Associazione Benàch – ''The Lost Mountaineers: The Making Of'' (2023)]</ref><ref name="WWNY">[https://www.wwnytv.com/2025/07/23/filmmakers-discuss-documentary-10th-mountain-division-soldiers-wwii/ WWNY TV News, “Filmmakers discuss documentary on 10th Mountain Division soldiers” (2025)]</ref> According to Associazione Benàch, the documentary “seeks to bring recognition to the 25 men who never returned from Lake Garda and to remind future generations of the price of liberation.”<ref name="BenachMakingOf" />

On the same day, 30 April 1945, the division also suffered the loss of its Assistant Division Commander, [[William O. Darby|Colonel William O. Darby]], founder of the [[U.S. Army Rangers]]. While in Torbole on the northern shore of Lake Garda, Darby was killed by an enemy artillery shell explosion along with his Sergeant Major, John T. Evans, and another soldier was wounded.<ref name="DarbyCMH">[https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/10-87/10-87c.htm U.S. Army Center of Military History – ''Lineage and Honors of the 10th Mountain Division'']</ref><ref name="DarbyArmy">[https://www.army.mil/article/229823/remembering_col_william_o_darby_founding_father_of_the_us_army_rangers U.S. Army News Service, “Remembering Col. William O. Darby, founding father of the Rangers”]</ref> Darby had been appointed to the division only days earlier, following the wounding of Brigadier General Robinson E. Duff, and was directing the final movements of the divisions advance when he was struck by shrapnel. His death came just hours before the announcement of the [[German surrender in Italy]].<ref name="BenachDarby" />

After the German capitulation on 2 May 1945, the division shifted to security and occupation duties. On 5 May it reached [[Nauders]], [[Austria]], just beyond the [[Reschen Pass]], where it linked up with elements of the [[44th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 44th Infantry Division]]. Between 2 May and [[Victory in Europe Day]] (8 May), the 10th Mountain Division accepted the surrender of German units and secured key areas in northeastern Italy and western [[Slovenia]]. By 20 May it had redeployed to [[Udine]], joining the [[British Eighth Army]] to prevent further westward movement of Yugoslav troops.<ref name="wiki10th" /><ref name="ArmyHistory" />

<gallery widths=200 heights=170>
File:10th Mountain, securing road (Italy, 1945).jpg|A machine gunner and two riflemen of Company "K" of the 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, cover an assault squad routing Germans out of a building in the background. Porretta-Modena Highway, Sassomolare Area, Italy, March 4, 1945.
File:10th Mountain Division-advancing in April 1945.jpeg|Elements of the 10th Mountain Division advancing in Italy in April 1945.
File:10th Mountain, Lake Garda (Italy, 1945).jpg|Members of the 86th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division, march north, near Malcesine, on Lake Garda, April 29, 1945.
</gallery>

==== Casualties ====
* '''Total battle casualties:''' 4,072<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953">Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths, Final Report (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, 1 June 1953)</ref>
* '''Killed in action:''' 992<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />
* '''Wounded in action:''' 3,134<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />
* '''Missing in action:''' 38<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />
* '''Prisoners of war:''' 28<ref name="Nonbattle Deaths 1953" />

==== Demobilization ====
In July, the Department of War assigned the 10th Mountain to the Pacific theater; after a month's furlough the men would assemble at Camp Carson, where they would train for [[Operation Downfall]], the invasion of [[mainland Japan]]. Between 26 July and 2 August the three regiments boarded ships for the return voyage to the United States; the day before the first of these regiments, the 86th Mountain Infantry, disembarked at Hampton Roads, [[atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|Hiroshima was leveled by an atom bomb]].<ref>Isserman, ''Winter Army'', pp.&nbsp;239f</ref> Three days after the rest of the division landed stateside on 11 August, [[Surrender of Japan|Japan officially surrendered]]. The division was demobilized and inactivated on 30 November 1945 at [[Camp Carson, Colorado|Camp Carson]], Colorado.<ref name="Feuerx">{{Harvnb|Feuer|2006|p=x}}</ref> 

During World War II, the 10th Mountain Division suffered 992 [[killed in action]] and 4,154 [[wounded in action]] in 114 days of combat.<ref name="BG37">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=37}}</ref> Soldiers of the division were awarded one [[Medal of Honor]] ([[John D. Magrath]]), three [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Crosses]], one [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]], 449 [[Silver Star Medal]]s, seven [[Legion of Merit]] Medals, 15 [[Soldier's Medal]]s, and 7,729 [[Bronze Star Medal]]s.<ref name="Almanac590" /> The division itself was awarded two [[campaign streamers]].<ref name="Almanac590" />

=== Cold War ===
In June 1948, the division was rebuilt and activated at [[Fort Riley]], [[Kansas]] to serve as a [[training division]]. Without its "Mountain" tab, the division served as the 10th Infantry Division for the next ten years. The unit was charged with processing and training replacements in large numbers. This mission was expanded with the outbreak of the [[Korean War]] in 1950. By 1953, the division had trained 123,000 new Army recruits at Fort Riley.<ref name="BG40">{{harvnb|Baumgardner|1998|p=40}}</ref>

In 1954, the division was converted to a combat division once again, though it did not regain its "Mountain" status.<ref name="BG40" /> Using equipment from the deactivating [[37th Infantry Division (United States)|37th Infantry Division]], the '''10th Infantry Division''' was deployed to Germany in 1955, replacing the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st Infantry Division]] at [[Würzburg]], serving as part of the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) defensive force. The division served in Germany for four years, until it was rotated out and replaced by the [[3rd Infantry Division (United States)|3rd Infantry Division]]. The division moved to [[Fort Benning]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and was inactivated on 14 June 1958.<ref name="BG40" />

==== Reactivation ====
On 13 February 1985, the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) was reactivated at [[Fort Drum|Fort Drum, New York]].<ref name="BG40" /> In accordance with the [[Reorganization Objective Army Divisions]] plan, the division was no longer centered on regiments, instead two brigades were activated under the division. The [[1st Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Brigade, 10th Mountain Division]] (commanded by then Colonel [[Jack Keane|John M. Keane]], later 4-Star General and Army Vice Chief of Staff) and [[10th Mountain Division Artillery (United States)|Division Artillery]] were activated at Fort Drum, while the [[2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Brigade, 10th Mountain Division]] was activated at [[Fort Benning]], moving to Fort Drum in 1988.<ref>{{harvnb|McGrath|2004|p=189}}</ref> The division was also assigned a round-out brigade from the [[Army National Guard]], the [[27th Infantry Brigade (United States)|27th Infantry Brigade]].<ref>{{harvnb|McGrath|2004|p=232}}</ref> The division was specially designed as a [[light infantry]] division able to rapidly deploy. In this process, it lost its mountain warfare capability, but its light infantry organization still made it versatile for difficult terrain.<ref name="Sasser12">{{harvnb|Sasser|2009|p=12}}</ref> Equipment design was oriented toward reduced size and weight for reasons of both strategic and tactical mobility.<ref name="BG40" /> The division also received a [[distinctive unit insignia]].<ref name="TIOH" />

===== Structure in 1989 =====
[[File:10th US Mountain Division 1989.png|thumb|right|480px|10th Mountain Division (Light) 1989 (click to enlarge)]]
At the end of the [[Cold War]], the division was organized as follows:

* '''10th Mountain Division (Light)''', [[Fort Drum]], New York{{Sfn|Johnson|Callahan|2012|p=13}}
** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
**'''[[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Brigade]]'''
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hensler|first=Robert|title=Activation of 1-22 IN at Ft. Drum, NY in the 10th Mountain Division|url=http://1-22infantry.org/history/activation.htm|access-date=6 July 2020|publisher=1st Battalion 22nd Infantry}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=8 June 1989|title=Lake View Native Earns High Military Post|page=15|work=The Sun and the Erie County Independent|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54818759/ltc-jeffrey-l-spara-takes-command-of/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, 22nd Infantry
*** 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry<ref>{{Cite web|title=I-87 Battalion History|url=https://www.drum.army.mil/1stBCT/Pages/I-87_BattalionHistory_lvl3.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101215512/https://www.drum.army.mil/1stBCT/Pages/I-87_BattalionHistory_lvl3.aspx|archive-date=1 November 2011|access-date=1 November 2011|publisher=1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division}}</ref>
**'''[[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Brigade]]'''<ref name="Pushies">{{harvnb|Pushies|2008}}</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 2nd Battalion, [[14th Infantry Regiment (United States)|14th Infantry]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0014in002bn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324111627/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0014in002bn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2008 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Pushies" />
*** 3rd Battalion, 14th Infantry<ref name="Pushies" />
*** 2nd Battalion, 87th Infantry<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Battalion, 87th Infantry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0087in002bn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109143332/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0087in002bn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2010 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Pushies" />
**'''[[27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)|27th Infantry Brigade (Light)]]''', [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]] ([[New York Army National Guard]])<ref>{{cite web |title=27th Infantry Brigade (Light) |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/27in-bde.htm |publisher=Global Security |access-date=2 July 2020}} {{unreliable?|date=January 2024}}</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 1st Battalion, [[108th Infantry Regiment (United States)|108th Infantry]], [[Auburn, New York|Auburn]]<ref name="108th">{{cite web |title=108th Infantry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0108in.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021043413/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0108in.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2014 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, 108th Infantry, Syracuse<ref name="108th" />
*** 3rd Battalion, 108th Infantry, [[Utica, New York|Utica]]<ref name="108th" />
*** 1st Battalion, 156th Field Artillery, [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]], (18 × [[M101 howitzer|M101]] 105&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref name="McKenney – 2">{{cite web |last1=McKenney |first1=Janice E. |title=Field Artillery – Army Lineage Series – Part 2 |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt2/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227105809/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt2/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 February 2012 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** 427th Support Battalion (Forward), Syracuse
*** Troop E, [[101st Cavalry Regiment|101st Cavalry]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]
*** 827th Engineer Company, Buffalo
**'''[[Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division|Aviation Brigade]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdCAB.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116034803/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdCAB.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 January 2010|title=Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division &#124; Lineage and Honors|website=history.army.mil}}</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 3rd Squadron, [[17th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|17th Cavalry]] (Reconnaissance)<ref>{{cite web |title=3rd Squadron, 17th Cavalry Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/armor-cav/017cv003sq.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617034628/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/armor-cav/017cv003sq.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 June 2015 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, [[25th Aviation Regiment (United States)|25th Aviation]] (Attack)<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Battalion, 25th Aviation Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/av/025av002bn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619234032/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/av/025av002bn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2008 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** Company C, 25th Aviation (General Support)<ref>{{cite web |title=3rd Battalion, 25th Aviation Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/av/025av003bn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106101603/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/av/025av003bn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 January 2010 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** Company D, 25th Aviation (Assault)
**'''[[10th Mountain Division Artillery|Division Artillery]]'''<ref name="Field Artillery 1990">{{cite web |title=Field Artillery – February 1990 |year = 1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqUrAAAAYAAJ |publisher=US Army Field Artillery School |access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Field Artillery 1987">{{cite web |title=Field Artillery – February 1987 |year = 1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qQrAAAAYAAJ |publisher=US Army Field Artillery School |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Battery
*** 1st Battalion, [[7th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|7th Field Artillery]] (18 × M101 105&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Battalion, 7th Field Artillery Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0007fa01bn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421185745/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/0007fa01bn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 April 2008 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="McKenney – 1">{{cite web |last1=McKenney |first1=Janice E. |title=Field Artillery – Army Lineage Series – Part 1 |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt1/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920173939/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt1/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2015 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** 2nd Battalion, 7th Field Artillery (18 × M101 105&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref name="McKenney – 1" />
*** Battery E, 7th Field Artillery (8 × [[M198 howitzer|M198]] 155&nbsp;mm towed howitzer)<ref name="McKenney – 1" />
**'''[[10th Sustainment Brigade|Division Support Command]]'''
*** Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*** 10th Medical Battalion
*** 10th Supply & Transportation Battalion<ref>{{cite web |title=10th Support Battalion Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/spt/0010sptbn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906014112/http://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/spt/0010sptbn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 September 2015 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
*** 710th Maintenance Battalion
*** Company E, 25th Aviation (Aviation Intermediate Maintenance)
** 3rd Battalion, [[62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment|62nd Air Defense Artillery]]
** 41st Engineer Battalion<ref>{{cite web |title=41st Engineer Battalion Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/eng/0041enbn.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620214616/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/eng/0041enbn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 June 2008 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
** 10th Signal Battalion<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raines |first1=Rebecca Robbins |title=Signal Corps |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-15-1/CMH_Pub_60-15-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513042709/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-15-1/CMH_Pub_60-15-1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2013 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref>
** 110th Military Intelligence Battalion
** 10th Military Police Company
** 59th Chemical Company<ref>{{cite web |title=59th Chemical Company Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/chem/059cmco.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411215026/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/chem/059cmco.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2012 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>
** 10th Mountain Division Band<ref>{{cite web |title=10th Mountain Division Band Lineage |url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/bands/band-010mo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617030233/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/bands/band-010mo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 June 2015 |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>

=== Contingencies ===
[[File:10th Mountain Divsion sweep Somali village.jpg|thumb|right|Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division sweep a [[Somali people|Somali]] village for weapons in 1993.]]
In 1990, the division sent 1,200 soldiers to support [[Operation Desert Storm]].<ref name="Skiing13">{{harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=13}}</ref> Two infantry platoons from the division were among those sent: 1st Platoon Bravo Company 1/22 and the 1/22 Scout Platoon. Once in Iraq, the scouts were sent home and First Platoon was left as a counterintelligence force. Performing three-man 24hr patrols through the remainder of their deployment, this platoon was widely regarded as the division's best at that time. Following a cease-fire in March 1991, the support soldiers began redeploying to Fort Drum through June of that year.<ref name="BG40" />

[[Hurricane Andrew]] struck [[South Florida]] on 24 August 1992, killing 13 people, leaving another 250,000 homeless, and causing damages in excess of $20&nbsp;billion. On 27 August 1992, the 10th Mountain Division assumed responsibility for Hurricane Andrew disaster relief as [[Task Force]] Mountain.<ref name="Skiing13" /> Division soldiers set up relief camps, distributed food, clothing, medical necessities, and building supplies, as well as helping to rebuild homes and clear debris. The last of the 6,000 division soldiers deployed to Florida returned home in October 1992.<ref name="BG40" />

==== Operation Restore Hope ====
[[File:187infwpresbush1993.jpg|thumb|left|Members of the 10th Mountain Division with President [[George H. W. Bush]], January 1993.]]
On 3 December 1992, the division headquarters was designated as the headquarters for all Army Forces (ARFOR) of the [[Unified Task Force]] (UNITAF) for [[Operation Restore Hope]]. [[Major General]] [[Steven L. Arnold]], the division Commander, was named Army Forces commander. The 10th Mountain Division's mission was to secure major cities and roads to provide safe passage of relief supplies to the Somali population suffering from the effects of the [[Somali Civil War]].<ref name="Skiing13" />

Due to 10th Mountain Division efforts, humanitarian agencies declared an end to the food emergency and factional fighting decreased.<ref name="GSO">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/10mtn.htm |title=GlobalSecurity.org: 10th Mountain Division |work=[[GlobalSecurity]] |access-date=6 July 2009}}</ref> When [[Task Force Ranger]] and the [[Search & rescue|SAR]] team were pinned down during a raid in what later became known as the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]], the 10th Mountain Division provided infantry for the UN quick reaction force sent to rescue them. The 10th Mountain Division had two soldiers killed in the fighting, which was the longest sustained firefight by regular U.S. Army forces since the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name="Sasser12" /> The division began a gradual reduction of forces in Somalia in February 1994, until the last soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|22nd Infantry]] returned to the United States in March 1994.<ref name="GSO" />

==== Operation Uphold Democracy ====
[[File:Port-au-Prince airfield seizure.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division secure [[Port-au-Prince International Airport]] in 1994.]]
The division formed the nucleus of the Multinational Force Haiti (MNF Haiti) and Joint Task Force 190 (JTF 190) in Haiti during [[Operation Uphold Democracy]].<ref name="Skiing13" /> More than 8,600 of the division's troops deployed during this operation.<ref name="divhist" /> On 19 September 1994, the 1st Brigade conducted the Army's first [[air assault]] from [[aircraft carrier]] [[USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69)|USS ''Dwight D. Eisenhower'']]. This force consisted of 54 helicopters and almost 2,000 soldiers. They occupied the [[Port-au-Prince International Airport]]. This was the largest Army air operation conducted from a carrier since the [[Doolittle Raid]] in World War II.<ref name="GSO" />

The division's mission was to create a secure and stable environment so the government of Haitian President [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] could be reestablished and democratic elections held. After this was accomplished, the 10th Mountain Division handed over control of the MNF-Haiti to the [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]] on 15 January 1995. The division redeployed the last of its soldiers who served in Haiti by 31 January 1995.<ref name="divhist">{{cite web|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/about/hist-10mtn.asp |title=Fort Drum Homepage: History of the 10th Mountain Division|work=[[Fort Drum, New York|Fort Drum]] Public Affairs Office|access-date=6 July 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080512010021/http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/about/hist-10mtn.asp |archive-date = 12 May 2008}}</ref>

==== Operation Joint Forge ====
In the fall of 1998, the division received notice that it would be serving as senior headquarters of [[Task Force Eagle]], providing a peacekeeping force to support the ongoing operation within the Multi-National Division-North area of responsibility in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].<ref name="divhist" /> Selected division units began deploying in late summer, approximately 3,000 division soldiers deployed. After successfully performing their mission in Bosnia, the division units conducted a transfer of authority, relinquishing their assignments to soldiers of the [[49th Armored Division]], [[Texas National Guard]]. By early summer 2000, all 10th Mountain Division soldiers had returned safely to Fort Drum.<ref name="divhist" />

==== Operation Joint Guardian ====

==== Readiness controversy ====
During the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], the readiness of the 10th Mountain Division became a political issue when [[George W. Bush]] asserted that the division was "not ready for duty." He attributed the division's low readiness to the frequent deployments throughout the 1990s without time in between for division elements to retrain and refit.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=123205&page=1 |title=Army Strikes Back at Bush |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=9 July 2009}}</ref> A report from the [[U.S. General Accounting Office]] in July 2000 also noted that although the entire 10th Mountain Division was not deployed to the contingencies at once, "deployment of key components—especially headquarters—makes these divisions unavailable for deployment elsewhere in case of a major war".<ref name="thinktank">{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/missiledefense/bg1394.cfm |title=The Facts about Military Readiness |work=[[The Heritage Foundation]] |access-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131004707/http://www.heritage.org/research/missiledefense/bg1394.cfm |archive-date=31 January 2010 }}</ref> [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservative]] [[think tank]] [[The Heritage Foundation]] agreed with these sentiments, charging that the U.S. military overall was not prepared for war due to post–[[Cold War]] drawdowns of the U.S. military.<ref name="thinktank" /> The Army responded that, though the 10th Mountain Division had been unprepared following its deployment as Task Force Eagle, that the unit was fully prepared for combat by late 2000 despite being undermanned.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1999/11/10/national/main69767.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205042048/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1999/11/10/national/main69767.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2011 |title=Army: 2 Units Unprepared |publisher=[[CBS News]] |access-date=9 July 2009 | date=10 November 1999}}</ref> Still, the Army moved the 10th Mountain Division down on the deployment list, allowing it time to retrain and refit.<ref name="ABC" />

In 2002, columnist and highly decorated military veteran [[David Hackworth]] again criticized the 10th Mountain Division for being unprepared due to lack of training, low physical fitness, unprepared leadership, and low morale. He said the division was no longer capable of mountain warfare.<ref>{{cite web |author=David Hackworth |author-link=David Hackworth |date=3 July 2002 |title=No Bad Units, Only Bad Leaders |url=http://www.military.com/Resources/ResourceFileView?file=Hackworth_070302.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611025625/http://www.military.com/Resources/ResourceFileView?file=Hackworth_070302.htm |archive-date=11 June 2009 |website=Military.com |access-date=9 July 2009 }}</ref>

=== War on terrorism ===
==== Initial deployments and 2004 reorganization ====
[[File:Village of Aranas, Nuristan province.jpg|thumb|10th Mountain soldier on patrol in Afghanistan's [[Nuristan Province]].]]
[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 080306-F-1936B-311.jpg|thumb|Soldiers of the 350th Tactical Psychological Operations, 10th Mountain Division [[Airborne leaflet propaganda|drop propaganda leaflets]] over a village near [[Hawija]], Iraq in March 2008.]]

Following the [[11 September 2001 attacks]], elements of the division, including its [[special troops battalion]] and 1st Battalion, [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]] (1-87th) infantry deployed to [[Afghanistan]] as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] in late 2001. The division headquarters arrived at [[Karshi-Khanabad Air Base]], under Major General [[Franklin L. Hagenbeck]], on 12 December 2001 to function as the [[Combined Forces Land Component Command]] (CFLCC) (Forward).<ref name=Wright127>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Donald P. |last2=Bird |first2=James R. |last3=Conners |first3=Peter W. |last4=Farquhar |first4=Scott C. |title=A Different Kind of War: The United States Army in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM, October 2001 - September 2005 |date=2010 |page=127|publisher=Department of the Army |isbn=978-0982328316}}</ref> This command served as the representative for Lieutenant General [[Paul T. Mikolashek]], the Third U.S. Army/CFLCC commanding general (CG) in the theater of operations. As such, Hagenbeck's headquarters was responsible for commanding and controlling virtually all Coalition ground forces and ground force operations in the theater, including the security of Coalition airfields in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan, as well as the logistics operations set up to support those forces. The division was also intended to defend Uzbekistan against attacks by the [[Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan]], which was seeking to overthrow [[Islam Karimov]]'s secular government.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Henriksen|first=Thomas H.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009053242/type/book|title=America's Wars: Interventions, Regime Change, and Insurgencies After the Cold War|date=2022-01-31|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-009-05324-2|edition=1st |doi=10.1017/9781009053242.005}}</ref> 

On 13 February 2002, Mikolashek ordered Hagenbeck to move CFLCC (Forward) to Bagram airfield located at Bagram and 2 days later the headquarters was officially redesignated as Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain.<ref name=Wright132>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Donald P. |last2=Bird |first2=James R. |last3=Conners |first3=Peter W. |last4=Farquhar |first4=Scott C. |title=A Different Kind of War: The United States Army in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM, October 2001 - September 2005 |date=2010 |page=132|publisher=Department of the Army |isbn=978-0982328316}}</ref> It assumed responsibility for the planning and execution of what had then become known as [[Operation Anaconda]].{{cn|date=January 2024}}

Elements of the division, primarily 1-87th Infantry, remained in the country until mid-2002, fighting to secure remote areas of the country and participating in prominent operations such as [[Operation Anaconda]], the [[Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif]], and the [[Battle of Qala-i-Jangi]].<ref name="Lineage">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdhq&tcp.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 10th Mountain Division |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608031234/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010mdhq%26tcp.htm |archive-date= 8 June 2010 }}</ref> These 1-87th Infantry soldiers became the first U.S. conventional forces to fight in Afghanistan.  The division also participated in fighting in the [[Shah-i-Kot Valley|Shahi Khot Valley]] in 2002. In June 2002, elements of the [[82nd Airborne Division]] arrived to relieve CJTF Mountain, and in September, Major General [[John R. Vines]] and his [[Combined Task Force 82]] relieved CJTF Mountain as the major subordinate headquarters to [[Combined Joint Task Force 180]].<ref>Koontz, Enduring Voices, 3.</ref> Upon the return of the battalions, they were welcomed home and praised by President Bush.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gilmore|first1=Gerry|title='Be Proud, Strong, Ready,' Bush Tells 10th Mountain Troops|url=http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=43634|access-date=18 December 2015|agency=American Forces Press Service|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense|date=19 July 2002|archive-date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928225623/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=43634}}</ref>

In 2003, the division's headquarters, along with the 1st Brigade, returned to Afghanistan. During that time, they operated in the frontier regions of the country such as [[Paktika Province]], going to places previously untouched by the war in search of [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]] forces. Fighting in several small-scale conflicts such as [[Operation Avalanche (Afghanistan)|Operation Avalanche]], [[Operation Mountain Resolve]], and [[Operation Mountain Viper]], the division maintained a strategy of small units moving through remote regions of the country to interact directly with the population and drive out insurgents.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0114/p01s04-wosc.html |title=Going in small in Afghanistan |journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=14 January 2004 |access-date=9 July 2009}}</ref> The 1st Brigade also undertook a number of humanitarian missions.<ref name="GSO" />

In 2003 and into 2004, the division's aviation brigade deployed for the first time to [[Afghanistan]]. As the only aviation brigade in the theater, the brigade provided air support for all U.S. Army units operating in the country. The brigade's mission at that time focused on [[close air support]], [[Medical evacuation|medevac]] missions, and other duties involving combat with [[Taliban]] and [[Al-Qaeda]] forces in the country. The 10th Mountain Division was the first unit to introduce contract working dogs into southern Afghanistan.  In the spring of 2004, they had Patriot K-9 Services supply 20 dog teams based at KAF.  The teams were trained to detect explosives and perform patrol duties throughout the region.  The brigade returned to Fort Drum in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=14816 |title=10th Combat Aviation Brigade Assumes OEF Aviation Mission |publisher=Defenselink.mil |access-date=19 July 2009}}</ref>

On the return of the division headquarters and 1st Brigade, the 10th Mountain Division began the process of [[Transformation of the United States Army|transformation]] into a modular division.<ref name="FORT DRUM PAMPHLET 600 – 5">{{cite web|title=FORT DRUM PAMPHLET 600 – 5|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/NCOAcademy/Documents/Pam%20600-5.pdf|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810052921/http://www.drum.army.mil/NCOAcademy/Documents/Pam%20600-5.pdf|archive-date=10 August 2017}}</ref> On 16 September 2004, the division headquarters finished its transformation, adding the [[10th Mountain Division Special Troops Battalion]]. The 1st Brigade became the 1st [[Brigade Combat Team]],<ref name="1bdehist">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md1bct.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116025718/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md1bct.htm |archive-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> while the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division]] was activated for the first time.<ref name="3bdehist">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md3bct.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608031213/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md3bct.htm }}</ref> In January 2005, the [[4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division]] was activated at [[Fort Polk]], [[Louisiana]].<ref name="4bdehist">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md4bct.htm |title=Lineage and Honors Information: 4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608031130/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/div/010md4bct.htm }}</ref> 2nd Brigade Combat Team would not be transformed until September 2005, pending a deployment to [[Iraq]].<ref name="Sasser12" />

==== Iraq deployments ====
In late 2004, the 2nd Brigade Combat Team was deployed to Iraq supporting [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]. The 2nd Brigade Combat Team undertook combat operations in western [[Baghdad]], an area of responsibility that included [[Abu Ghraib]], [[Mansour neighbourhood|Mansour]], and [[Route Irish]]. It returned to the US in late 2005.<ref name="Sasser12" /> Around that time, the 1st Brigade Combat Team deployed back to Iraq, staying in the country until 2006.<ref name="1bdehist" />

The next time the 1st Brigade Combat Team was deployed was during the Surge for 15 months in Iraq. Northern Iraq was the theater of operations for 1 BCT from August 2007 until November 2008.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

The 4th BCT operated in Northeast Baghdad under the 4th Infantry Division headquarters from November 2007 until January 2009. The 10th Mountain participated in larger-scale operations, such as [[Operation Phantom Phoenix]].{{cn|date=January 2024}}

After a one-year rest, the headquarters of the 10th Mountain Division was deployed to Iraq for the first time in April 2008. The division headquarters served as the command element for southern Baghdad until late March 2009, when it displaced to Basrah to replace departing British forces on 31 March 2009 to coordinate security for the Multinational Division-South area of responsibility, a consolidation of the previously Polish-led south-central and British-led southeast operational areas. The 10th Mountain Division headquarters transferred authority for MND-S to the [[34th Infantry Division (United States)|34th Infantry Division]], Minnesota Army National Guard on 20 May 2009.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

The 2nd Brigade Combat Team was scheduled to deploy to Iraq in the fall of 2009, as a part of the 2009–2010 rotation to Iraq.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/24364/army-announces-next-iraq-rotation/?ref=home-headline-title0 |title=Army Announces next Iraq Rotation |work=US Army Public Affairs Office |date=14 July 2009 |access-date=15 July 2009}}</ref>

==== Afghanistan deployments ====
[[File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - Security patrol.jpg|thumb|left|10th Mountain Division troops from the 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry hike through [[Kunar Province]].]]
The division headquarters, the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, and two Battalion Task Forces from the 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Afghanistan in 2005, staying in the country until 2006. The division and brigade served in the eastern region of the country, along the border with [[Pakistan]], fulfilling a similar role as it did during its previous deployment.<ref name="Sasser1">{{harvnb|Sasser|2009|p=1}}</ref> During this time, the deployment of the brigade was extended along with that of the 4th Brigade, [[82nd Airborne Division]]. It was eventually replaced by the [[173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team]] which was rerouted from Iraq.<ref name="Vogt">{{cite news|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2007/02/AT173rd070214/ |work=[[Army Times]] |date=16 February 2007 |first=Melissa |last=Vogt |access-date=24 April 2008 |title=173rd Airborne heading to Afghanistan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208213352/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2007/02/AT173rd070214/ |archive-date=8 December 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the winter of 2006, the 10th Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division, was deployed again to Afghanistan to support Operation Enduring Freedom as the only aviation brigade in the theater, stationed at [[Bagram Air Base]], Afghanistan. Named "Task Force Falcon," the brigade's mission was to conduct aviation operations to destroy insurgents and anti-coalition militia in an effort to help build the [[Afghan National Security Force]]'s capability and allow the Afghan government to increase its capabilities. In addition, the Task Force provided logistical and combat support for [[International Security Assistance Force]] forces throughout the country.<ref name="avGSO">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/10mtn-avn-bde.htm |title=GlobalSecurity.org: 10th Combat Aviation Brigade |publisher=[[GlobalSecurity]] |access-date=18 July 2009}}</ref>

The [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd Brigade Combat Team]] was slated to deploy to Iraq in 2009, but that deployment was rerouted. In January 2009, the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd BCT]] instead deployed to [[Kunar Province|Kunar]], [[Logar Province|Logar]] and [[Wardak Province|Wardak]] Provinces, eastern Afghanistan to relieve the [[101st Airborne Division]], as part of a new buildup of US forces in that country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=52825 |title=10th Mountain Division Leads New Deployments to Afghanistan |work=DefenseLink |access-date=7 July 2009}}</ref> The brigade was responsible for expanding [[forward operating base]]s and [[outpost (military)|combat outposts]] (COPs) in the region, as well as strengthening US military presence in preparation for additional US forces to arrive.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nato.int/isaf/docu/pressreleases/2009/01/pr090127-078.html |title=10th Mountain Division troops move into Logar, Wardak provinces |work=[[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]] Public Affairs Office |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-date=16 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716025553/http://www.nato.int/isaf/docu/pressreleases/2009/01/pr090127-078.html }}</ref>

[[File:1-87 Infantry engaging Taliban.jpg|thumb|1st Battalion, [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]] infantry engaging Taliban.]]

The 1st Brigade Combat Team was scheduled to deploy to Iraq in late 2009 but deployed instead to Afghanistan in March 2010 for 13 months.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Garamone|first1=Jim|title=1st Brigade Combat Team will join troop surge in Afghanistan|url=http://www.drum.army.mil/mountaineer/Article.aspx?ID=3258|access-date=18 December 2015|agency=American Forces Press Service|publisher=Fort Drum: United States Army|date=10 December 2009|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110825/http://www.drum.army.mil/mountaineer/Article.aspx?ID=3258}}</ref> [[1-87th Infantry]] deployed to [[Kunduz Province|Kunduz]] and [[Baghlan Province|Baghlan]] Provinces, establishing remote [[outpost (military)|combat outposts]] (COPs) against the Taliban after they had taken control of these provinces over the last several years.  Notably, elements of the regiment were responsible for numerous large-scale engagements, including The Battle of Shahabuddin<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/the-battle-of-shahabuddin-under-fire-in-afghanistan-s-baghlan-province-a-722605.html |title=The Battle of Shahabuddin |work=Spiegel Online |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010|last1=Demmer |first1=Ulrike }}</ref> and securing a High-Value Target (HVT) after an [[air assault]] raid. Some elements of the Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in late January 2013 to Ghazni Provence for nine months.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 101113-A-6521C-059 - U.S. Army soldiers with Charlie Troop 3rd Squadron 89th Cavalry 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team 10th Mountain Division wait for the order to.jpg|thumb|10th Mountain soldiers during an operation in [[Logar Province]].]]

The [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd Brigade Combat Team]] deployed to Kandahar Province, southern Afghanistan in March 2011, again relieving the [[101st Airborne Division]]. During this deployment, [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|3rd BCT]] mainly occupied [[forward operating base]]s (FOBs) and [[outpost (military)|combat outposts]] (COPs) in the [[Maywand District|Maywand]], [[Zhari District|Zhari]], and [[Arghandab District|Arghandab]] Districts of Kandahar Province. The brigade was redeployed to Fort Drum in March 2012 after a twelve-month deployment.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

The 4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Regional Command East, under the 101st Airborne Division from October 2010 until their redeployment in October 2011. The 4th BCT deployed to both Wardak and Logar provinces. During this deployment, they went to places such as Chakh Valley in Wardak Province and Charkh Valley in Logar Province in search of elements of the Haqqani Network. In May 2013, the brigade deployed again to Afghanistan returning home in February 2014.<ref>{{cite web |last=Matthews |first=Jeff |url=http://www.thetowntalk.com/article/20140212/NEWS01/302120018/Fort-Polk-soldiers-return-Group-from-4th-Brigade-Combat-Team-comes-home-after-service-Afghanistan |title=Local News &#124; The Town Talk |publisher=thetowntalk.com |date=12 February 2014 |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140215214336/http://www.thetowntalk.com/article/20140212/NEWS01/302120018/Fort-Polk-soldiers-return-Group-from-4th-Brigade-Combat-Team-comes-home-after-service-Afghanistan |archive-date=15 February 2014 }}</ref>

In 2015, [[Diana M. Holland]] became the first woman to serve as a general officer at [[Fort Drum]], and the first woman to serve as a deputy commanding general in one of the Army's light infantry divisions (specifically, the 10th Mountain Division.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syracuse.com/state/index.ssf/2015/07/fort_drum_marks_promotion_of_first_woman_general_of_10th_mountain_division.html |title=Fort Drum marks promotion of first woman general of 10th Mountain Division |publisher=syracuse.com |date=30 July 2015 |access-date=5 August 2015}}</ref>

In February 2015, [[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|2nd Brigade Combat Team]], 10th Mountain Division were deployed to Afghanistan as part of the [[Resolute Support Mission]] in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)#Post ISAF phase|Post ISAF phase of the War in Afghanistan]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Gary Walts |agency=Associated Press |title=Fort Drum brigade prepares for deployment to Afghanistan |url=http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2015/02/fort_drum_brigade_prepares_for_deployment_to_afghanistan.html |newspaper=The Post-Standard |publisher=Syracuse Media Group  |date=26 February 2015 |access-date=26 February 2015 }}<br />{{cite news |last=Tan |first=Michelle |date=27 February 2015 |title=Army announces new Afghanistan deployments |url=http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/careers/army/2015/02/27/new-afghanistan-deployments/24122491/ |newspaper=ArmyTimes |publisher=Gannett |access-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref> between late summer and early fall 2015, 300 troops from 10th Mountain's headquarters at deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Freedom's Sentinel, along with about 1,000 troops from the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|3rd Brigade Combat Team]].<ref name="armytimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/2015/08/05/army-names-3-units-iraq-afghanistan-deployments/31168831/|title=Army names 3 units for Iraq, Afghanistan deployments|date=5 August 2015}}</ref>
In February 2016, the Taliban began a new [[War in Afghanistan (2015-present)#Taliban offensive in Helmand Province|assault on Sangin]], Helmand Province, the US responded by deploying 500 to 800 troops from 2nd battalion 87th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division to Helmand Province in order to prop up Afghan army's 215th Corps in the province, particularly around Sangin, joining US and British special operations forces already in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-army-orders-hundreds-of-soldiers-back-to-southern-afghanistan/|title=US Army orders hundreds of soldiers back to southern Afghanistan|publisher=Fox News|date=11 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/sas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin/ar-BBnOfYr?ocid=spartandhp|title=SAS in battle to stop Taliban overrunning Sangin|work=The Telegraph|date=22 December 2015|access-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116022732/http://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/sas-in-battle-to-stop-taliban-overrunning-sangin/ar-BBnOfYr?ocid=spartandhp|archive-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="the new York times">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/world/asia/a-5th-district-in-helmand-province-falls-to-the-taliban.html?_r=0|title=A 5th District in Helmand Province Falls to the Taliban|work=The New York Times|date=15 March 2016}}</ref>

On 5 December 2019, the [[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] announced that the [[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Brigade Combat Team]] would replace the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, [[82nd Airborne Division]] as part of a unit rotation in support of [[Operation Freedom's Sentinel]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1st BCT, 10th Mountain Division to replace 3rd BCT, 82nd Airborne Division for unit rotation in the winter of 2020|url=https://www.army.mil/article/230130/army_announces_upcoming_1st_bct_10th_mountain_division_unit_rotation|website=army.mil|date=5 December 2019|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> The brigade deployed to Afghanistan in February 2020.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

=== Operation Atlantic Resolve ===
On 3 November 2016, ''Stars and Stripes'' reported that the 10th Combat Aviation Brigade would deploy 1,750 soldiers to [[Eastern Europe]] in March 2017, in support of [[Operation Atlantic Resolve]] – as part of NATO efforts to reassure Eastern Europe in response to [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)|Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014]]. The brigade arrived with approximately 60 aircraft, including CH-47 Chinooks, UH-60 Blackhawks, and medevac helicopters. The brigade was headquartered in Germany and the brigade's units were forward-based at locations in [[Latvia]], [[Romania]], and [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/2-brigades-of-nearly-6-000-troops-head-to-europe-amid-growing-russian-tensions-1.437420|title=2 brigades of nearly 6,000 troops head to Europe amid growing Russian tensions|publisher=stars and stripes|date=3 November 2016}}</ref>

=== Operation Inherent Resolve ===
Between late summer and early fall 2015, as well as again in 2016, 1,250 soldiers from the [[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|1st Brigade Combat Team]] were [[American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)|deployed to Iraq]] to support [[Operation Inherent Resolve]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Troops from Fort Drum's 10th Mountain Division to deploy to Iraq, Afghanistan |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/10th-mountain-division-troops-deploy-iraq-afghanistan-article-1.2316825 |access-date=15 September 2018 |work=New York Daily News |date=6 August 2015 }}</ref> During the two deployments the brigade spent in Iraq, they fought to regain control of the cities of Ramadi, Fallujah, and Mosul from the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10th Mountain Division (LI) :: Fort Drum |url=https://home.army.mil/drum/index.php/units-tenants/10th-mountain-division-li |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=home.army.mil}}</ref> In 2022 the unit would redeploy again, in support of Operation Inherent Resolve.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army announces upcoming 1st IBCT, 10th Mountain Division unit deployment |url=https://www.army.mil/article/252602/army_announces_upcoming_1st_ibct_10th_mountain_division_unit_deployment |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=www.army.mil |date=16 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Controversial shoot house training viral video ===
A viral video showed soldiers in the division conducting live fire training in a shoot house.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Rempfer |first=Kyle |date=2021-02-24 |title=Shoot-house video is full of 'flagging'; 10th Mountain senior enlisted vows problems will 'get fixed' |url=https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2021/02/23/shoot-house-video-is-full-of-flagging-10th-mountain-senior-enlisted-vows-problems-will-get-fixed/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Army Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=This video of 10th Mountain soldiers shows exactly what not to do when clearing a room |url=https://taskandpurpose.com/news/army-10th-mountain-room-clear-unsafe/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Task & Purpose |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Hollings |first=Alex |title=How a 'shoot house' training video became a headache for one of the Army's most highly regarded units |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/shoot-house-video-became-problem-for-army-10th-mountain-div-2021-3 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> The soldiers violated numerous safety issues, including flagging and failure to follow norms of room clearing, such as failure to clear corners or follow points of domination, with observers giving no correction.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/> Responding to the viral incident, Division CSM Mario O. Terenas addressed the incident on [[Twitter]]: "it's 10th Mountain Division. We ran it down to the ground and it is 10th Mountain Division. It is our folks, and it really, really hurts to say that...It is not the standard, it is not how we do business, and it is not acceptable. We're running this thing down to the ground. We will investigate it, we will take action, and we will re-train. That is a guarantee."<ref>{{Cite tweet |url=https://twitter.com/mtn7_csm/status/1363998442884919296 |number=1363998442884919296 |title=I want to address the recent shoot-house video... |access-date=2023-03-04 |user=mtn7_csm |language=en}}</ref>

== Honors ==
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2024}}

The 10th Mountain Division was awarded two campaign streamers in World War II, one campaign streamer for Somalia, and four campaign streamers in the war on terrorism, for a total of seven campaign streamers and three unit decorations in its operational history. Note that some of the division's brigades received more or fewer decorations depending on their individual deployments.<ref name="Lineage" />

=== Unit decorations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ribbon
! Award
! Year
! Notes
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2001–2002
| for service in Central Asia
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2003–2004
| for service in Afghanistan
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 28 Feb 06 – 27 Feb 07
| for service in Afghanistan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrc.army.mil/asset/16333|title=Army General Orders Unit Award Index 1987 to present|access-date=13 May 2018|archive-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012171529/https://www.hrc.army.mil/asset/16333}}</ref>
|-
|[[file:Valorous_Unit_Award_ribbon.svg|50px]]
|[[Valorous Unit Award]] (Army)
| Aug 2006 - Oct 2007
| For outstanding service in Iraq
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2008–2009
| for service in Iraq<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/wotawards.html#2009 |title=War on Terrorism Awards |publisher=United States Army Center of Military History |access-date=30 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205175115/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/wotawards.html |archive-date=5 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] (Army)
| 2014
| for service in Afghanistan
|-
| [[File:Joint Meritorious Unit Award ribbon.svg|50px]]
| [[Joint Meritorious Unit Award]] (Army)
| 1992–1995
| for service in Somalia
|}

=== Campaign streamers ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Conflict
! Streamer
! Year(s)
|-
| World War II
| North Apennines
| 1945
|-
| World War II
| Po Valley
| 1945
|-
| [[Operation Restore Hope]]
| Somalia
| 1992–1994
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2001–2002
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2003–2004
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2006–2007
|-
| [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]
| Iraq
| 2008–2009
|-
| [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
| Afghanistan
| 2010–2011
|-
|}

== Legacy ==
[[File:Seneca Rocks -10th Mountain Division marker.JPG|thumb|Plaque in honor of 10th Mountain Division at [[Seneca Rocks]], [[West Virginia|WV]].]]

Skiing associations subsequently contend that veterans of the 10th Mountain Division had a substantial effect on the post–World War II development of [[skiing]] as a vacation industry and major sport. Ex-soldiers from the 10th laid out ski hills, designed [[ski lift]]s, became ski coaches, racers, instructors, [[Ski patrol|patrollers]], shop owners, and [[Skiing and snowboarding on film and video|filmmakers]]. They wrote and published ski magazines, opened [[ski school]]s, improved ski equipment, and developed [[ski resort]]s. Up to 2,000 of the division's troops were involved in skiing-related professions after the war, and at least 60 ski resorts were founded by men of the division.<ref name="Skiing3">{{harvnb|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995|p=3}}</ref> As Maurice Isserman notes in his book ''The Winter Army'', "The 10th Mountain Division was the only unit in the history of the US military to use wartime skills to promote a civilian pastime."<ref>Isserman, ''The Winter Army'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2019), p.&nbsp;240 {{ISBN|978-0-358-41424-7}}</ref>

People associated with the 10th Mountain Division later went on to achieve notability in other fields. Among these are [[anthropologist]] [[Eric Wolf]],<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1525/ae.1987.14.2.02a00110 | issn = 0094-0496 | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 346–66 | last = Ghani | first = Ashraf |author2= Eric Wolf | title = A conversation with Eric Wolf | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-ethnologist_1987-05_14_2/page/346 | journal = American Ethnologist | date = May 1987}}</ref> [[mathematician]] [[Franz Alt (mathematician)|Franz Alt]],<ref>''Beyond Calculation: The Next Fifty Years of Computing'' (Springer, 1998). {{ISBN|978-0-387-98588-6}}</ref> [[avalanche]] researcher and forecasting pioneer [[Montgomery Atwater]],<ref>{{cite journal
 |last=Brennan
 |first=John
 |title=Genesis of the Avalauncher
 |journal=The Avalanche Review
 |volume=24
 |issue=3
 |pages=18–19
 |publisher=American Avalanche Association
 |year=2006
 |url=http://www.americanavalancheassociation.org/tar/TAR24_3_FINAL_LoRes.pdf
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828153135/http://www.americanavalancheassociation.org/tar/TAR24_3_FINAL_LoRes.pdf
 |archive-date=28 August 2008
}}</ref> [[Congressman]] [[Les AuCoin]], mountaineer and teacher who helped develop equipment for the 10th Mountain [[Robert Bates (mountaineer)|Robert Bates]], noted [[mountaineering|mountaineer]] [[Fred Beckey]],<ref>{{cite news | last = Modie| first = Neil| title = Icon to some, legendary climber Beckey still obscure to many| work = Seattle Post-Intelligencer| date = 8 March 2003| url = http://www.seattlepi.com/local/111703_beckey08.shtml| access-date =7 January 2006 }}</ref> [[United States Ski Team]] member and [[Black Mountain of Maine]] resort co-founder [[Chummy Broomhall]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familyskitrips.com/Pages/weekDec01.htm|title=Remembering The 10th – A Look Back at Ski Warriors|last=Burke|first=Heather|date=16 December 2001|work=Maine Sunday Telegram|access-date=12 May 2007|archive-date=25 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625180416/http://www.familyskitrips.com/Pages/weekDec01.htm}}</ref> former American track and field coach and co-founder of [[Nike, Inc.]] [[Bill Bowerman]],<ref>{{cite book| author=Moore, Kenny | title=Bowerman and the Men of Oregon | location=Emmaus, Pennsylvania | publisher=Rodale | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-59486-190-1 }}</ref> former executive director and Sierra Club leader [[David R. Brower]],<ref>[[Steve Roper]], "David Ross Brower", ''[[American Alpine Journal]]'', 2001, p. 455.</ref> former [[United States Ski Team]] member World War II civilian mountaineer trainer [[H. Adams Carter]], former [[Senate Majority Leader]] and Presidential candidate [[Bob Dole]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leesandlin.com/articles/LosingTheWar.htm|title=Losing the War – by Lee Sandlin|website=leesandlin.com}}</ref> champion skier [[Dick Durrance]], [[ski resort]] pioneer [[John Elvrum]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skihall.com/index.php?_a=document&doc_id=11&id=97|title=John Elvrum|publisher=[[U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame and Museum]] |access-date=15 March 2012}}</ref> Norwegian-American skier [[Sverre Engen]], fashion illustrator [[Joe Eula]], Olympic [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] [[Earl Foster Thomson]], civilian founder of the [[National Ski Patrol]] [[Charles Minot Dole]],<ref name="divhist" /> painter [[Gino Hollander]], [[Paleoclimatology|Paleoclimatologist]] [[John Imbrie]],<ref>[http://www.eng.yale.edu/content/AlumniHAC_person.asp?HAC_IK=63 Yale Science and Engineering Alumni Hall of Achievement web page. Retrieved 9 April 2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518201557/http://www.eng.yale.edu/content/AlumniHAC_person.asp?HAC_IK=63 |date=18 May 2011 }}</ref> theoretical physicist [[Francis E. Low]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Physicist Francis E. Low, Former MIT Provost, Dies at 85|work=MIT News Office|url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/obit-low.html|date=20 February 2007|access-date=10 March 2007}}</ref> US downhill ski champion [[Toni Matt]],<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/19/obituaries/toni-matt-dies-at-69-former-ski-champion.html ''Toni Matt Dies at 69; Former Ski Champion''], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 19 May 1989. Retrieved 2 December 2007.</ref> falconer and educator [[Morley Nelson]], comic book artist [[Earl Norem]],<ref>Yzquierdo, Ryan. [http://www.seibertron.com/people/interviews/view.php?interview_id=14 "Earl Norem and the Big Looker Storybooks", Seibertron.com (2 December 2005).]. Retrieved 21 August 2008.</ref> founder of [[National Outdoor Leadership School]] and The Wilderness Education Association [[Paul Petzoldt]], world downhill ski champion [[Walter Prager]], demolition derby driver Joshua Tagliaboschi, retired broadcasting executive [[William Lowell Putnam III]], [[Massachusetts Governor]] [[Francis W. Sargent]], World War II civilian ski instructor and division trainer [[Hannes Schneider]], founder of [[Vail Ski Resort]] [[Pete Seibert]], actor and Olympic medalist [[Floyd Simmons]], historian and author [[Page Smith]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Martin|first1=Douglas|title=Pete Seibert, Soldier Skier Who Built Vail, Is Dead at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/28/us/pete-seibert-soldier-skier-who-built-vail-is-dead-at-77.html|access-date=18 December 2015|work=The New York Times|date=28 July 2002}}</ref> members of the famous [[Trapp Family Lodge|von Trapp family]] singers [[Werner von Trapp]] and [[Rupert von Trapp]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Werner von Trapp, a Son in 'Sound of Music' Family, Dies at 91 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/15/arts/music/15trapp.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/D/Deaths%20(Obituaries) |agency=[[Associated Press]]|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=15 October 2007 |access-date=5 January 2009 }}</ref> [[Rawleigh Warner, Jr.]], chairman and CEO of [[Mobil]], civilian technical adviser [[Fritz Wiessner]],<ref>Schwartz, Susan (2005) Into The Unknown: ''The Remarkable Life of Hans Kraus''</ref> William John Wolfgram,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www3.widener.edu/Academics/Libraries/Wolfgram_Memorial_Library/Widener_Archives/Collections/Alumni/William_Wolfgram/6505/ | title=William Wolfgram | access-date=30 November 2007 | publisher= Widener University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208173516/http://www3.widener.edu/Academics/Libraries/Wolfgram_Memorial_Library/Widener_Archives/Collections/Alumni/William_Wolfgram/6505/ |archive-date=8 February 2007 }}</ref> Olympic Ski jumper [[Gordon Wren]], Massachusetts Congressional candidate Nathan Bech,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20080629/NEWS/806290393/1008/NEWS02 |title=Bech challenges Olver |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520154351/http://www.telegram.com/article/20080629/NEWS/806290393/1008/NEWS02 |archive-date= 20 May 2011 |access-date=6 July 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> leader of Chalk 4 during the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]] Matt Eversmann,<ref>Bowden, M (1999). ''Black Hawk Down'', Penguin Books. {{ISBN|978-0-451-20393-9}}</ref> Middle East analyst, blogger, and author [[Andrew Exum]], and author [[Craig Mullaney]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.craigmmullaney.com/content/author.asp?id=bio |title=Biography of Craig Mullaney |publisher=Craig Mullaney |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317063539/http://www.craigmmullaney.com/content/author.asp?id=bio |archive-date=17 March 2014 }}</ref>

Additionally, four members of the division have been awarded the [[Medal of Honor]]. In 1945 [[John D. Magrath]] became the first member of the division to receive this award (posthumously) during World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-a-l.html |work=United States Army |title=Medal of Honor Recipients&nbsp;— Vietnam (A-L) |access-date=24 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527064922/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-a-l.html |archive-date=27 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-m-z.html | work=United States Army | title=Medal of Honor Recipients&nbsp;— Vietnam (M-Z) | access-date=24 April 2008 | archive-date=24 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424094845/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/vietnam-m-z.html }}</ref> The second, [[Jared C. Monti]], received it posthumously in 2009, for actions during a combat operation on 21 June 2006 as part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref name="Fallen soldier">{{cite news|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/07/army_monti_MOH_072309w/ |title=Fallen soldier to receive Medal of Honor |work=[[Army Times]] |date=23 July 2009 |last=Cavallaro |first=Gina |access-date=23 July 2009 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090806041226/http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/07/army_monti_MOH_072309w/ |archive-date=6 August 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The third, [[William D. Swenson]], received it in 2013, for actions on 8 September 2009, during the [[Battle of Ganjgal]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2021838947_williamswensonxml.html |title = After long wait, Seattle man gets highest military honor |first=Lesley |last=Clark |date=16 September 2013 |access-date=17 September 2013 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> The fourth, [[Travis Atkins|Travis W. Atkins]], received it posthumously on 27 March 2019, for actions on 1 June 2007 during a patrol in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2019/03/12/montana-man-posthumously-receive-medal-honor-white-house-travis-atkins/3143549002/ |title = Montanan Travis Atkins to posthumously receive Medal of Honor at White House |first=Grady |last=Higgins |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019 |publisher=Great Falls Tribune}}</ref>

The division's efforts in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom and beyond led to the division being referred to as the "Tribe of Crossed Swords" by some Afghans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/143496/10th_mountain_division_sister_brigades_complete_decade_of_service_spartans_patriots_combine |title=10th Mountain Division sister brigades complete decade of service: Spartans, Patriots combine |date=27 February 2015  |access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
The 10th Mountain Division was the subject of the 1996 film ''[[Fire on the Mountain (1996 film)|Fire on the Mountain]]'', which documented its exploits during World War II. The 10th Mountain Division is also a prominent element of the book ''[[Black Hawk Down (book)|Black Hawk Down]]'' and film ''[[Black Hawk Down (film)|by the same name]]'', which portrays the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]] and the division's participation in that conflict.<ref>Bowden, Mark (March 1999). ''Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War''. Atlantic Monthly Press. Berkeley, California. {{ISBN|978-0-87113-738-8}}</ref> Among the division's other appearances are the [[Tom Clancy]] novel ''[[Clear and Present Danger]]'',<ref>{{cite book|last=Clancy |first=Tom |title=Clear and Present Danger |url=https://archive.org/details/clearpresentdang1989clan |url-access=registration |publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons|Putnam]] |isbn=978-0-399-13440-1|year=1989}}</ref> the 2004, War Of The Worlds remake, the 2005 [[SCI FI]] film ''[[Manticore (2005 film)|Manticore]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/412547/Manticore/overview| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213201547/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/412547/Manticore/overview | archive-date=13 December 2007 | title=Manticore (2005) | access-date=4 June 2009 | department=Movies & TV Dept. | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=2007 | author=Buchanan, Jason}}</ref> 2010 remake starring Keanu Reeves, The Day The Earth Stood Still, Sean Parnell's 2012 war memoir, ''[[Outlaw Platoon]]'', about his platoon's experiences in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom,<ref>{{cite web|title=Outlaw: Former infantry officer shares experiences, pledges to help others|author=Michelle Kennedy|date=1 March 2012|access-date=11 January 2014|publisher=U.S. Army|url=https://www.army.mil/article/74841/}}</ref> the 2019 action adventure video game ''[[Days Gone]]'', with the game's main protagonist, Deacon St. John, referencing his time spent with the 10th Mountain Division in Afghanistan.

== Organization ==
[[File:10th US Mountain Division - Organization 2024.png|thumb|right|480px|Organization of the 10th Mountain Division as of November 2025]]

This division consists of a division headquarters and headquarters battalion, three infantry brigade combat teams, a division artillery, a combat aviation brigade, and a division sustainment brigade. The division artillery has training and readiness oversight over the division's field artillery battalions, which remain organic to their brigade combat teams.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

* [[File:Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 10th Mountain Division (1944-2015).svg|25px]] '''10th Mountain Division'''
** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] [[Special Troops Battalion, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|Division Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion]] "Gauntlet"
*** Headquarters Support Company<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/212059/10th_mountain_soldier_trains_at_the_chilean_mountain_warfare_school|title=10th Mountain Soldier trains at the Chilean Mountain Warfare School|website=www.army.mil |date=4 October 2018 }}</ref>
*** Signal, Intelligence, and Sustainment Company
*** 10th Mountain Division Band
*** Light Fighters School
** [[File:41 Eng Bn DUI.jpg|25px]] 41st Engineer Battalion<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pvt. Abigail Stewart |title=41st Engineer Battalion Redesignation Ceremony |date=7 October 2024 |url=https://www.army.mil/article/280305/41st_engineer_battalion_redesignation_ceremony |publisher=27th Public Affairs Detachment |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>
** '''[[1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|1st Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]''' "Warrior"<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Brigade Combat Team |url=https://home.army.mil/drum/index.php/units-tenants/1st-BCT |publisher=U.S. Army Fort Drum |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** [[File:22 US Infantry Regiment DUI.PNG|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|22nd Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:32 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 1st Battalion, [[32nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|32nd Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:87th Infantry.png|25px]] 1st Battalion, [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:6th FA DUI.png|50px]] 3rd Battalion, [[6th Field Artillery Regiment]]
*** [[File:7th engineers BN.jpg|25px]] [[7th Engineer Battalion|7th Brigade Engineer Battalion]]
*** [[File:US 10th BSB emblem.jpg|25px]] 10th Brigade Support Battalion
** '''[[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team]]''' "Commandos"<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd Brigade Combat Team |url=https://home.army.mil/drum/index.php/units-tenants/2nd-BCT |publisher=U.S. Army Fort Drum |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref>
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** [[File:14 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] [[14th Infantry Regiment (United States)|2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:31 Inf Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] [[31st Infantry Regiment (United States)|4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:87th Infantry.png|25px]] [[2nd Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment|2nd Battalion]], [[87th Infantry Regiment (United States)|87th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:15 FA Crest.png|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[15th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|15th Field Artillery Regiment]]
*** [[File:US 210th BSB insignia.jpg|25px]] 210th Brigade Support Battalion
** '''[[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division|3rd Light Brigade Combat Team]]''' "Patriots", based at [[Fort Johnson]] ([[Louisiana]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lt. Col. D. Max Ferguson |title=Move Further, Mask Emissions, Make Explosions |date=31 March 2025 |url=https://www.army.mil/article/284066/move_further_mask_emissions_make_explosions |publisher=US Army |access-date=19 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Spc. Jaidyn Moore |title=3-10th LBCT Change of Responsibility Ceremony |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/487165/3-10th-lbct-change-responsibility-ceremony |publisher=5th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment |access-date=19 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=3rd Brigade Combat Team |url=https://home.army.mil/drum/index.php/units-tenants/3rd-BCT |publisher=U.S. Army Fort Drum |access-date=30 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pomerleau |first1=Mark |title=Army updating brigades based on results from transforming-in-contact 1.0 |date=27 March 2025 |url=https://defensescoop.com/2025/03/27/army-updating-brigades-transforming-in-contact-randy-george/ |publisher=Defense Scoop |access-date=19 April 2025}}</ref>
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** [[File:2 Inf Rgt DUI.png|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[2nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|2nd Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:4th Infantry Regiment DUI.svg|25px]] [[2nd Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:30 INF DUI.png|25px]] 2nd Battalion, [[30th Infantry Regiment (United States)|30th Infantry Regiment]]
*** [[File:25 FA Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 5th Battalion, [[25th Field Artillery Regiment]]
*** [[File:US 317th BEB insignia.jpg|25px]] 317th Brigade Engineer Battalion "Buffalo"
*** [[File:US 710th BSB insignia.jpg|25px]] 710th Brigade Support Battalion "Patriot Support"
** '''[[10th Mountain Division Artillery (United States)|10th Division Artillery]]'''
*** [[File:10th Mountain Division DUI.png|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
** '''[[Combat Aviation Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (United States)|10th Combat Aviation Brigade]]''' "Falcons"<ref name="gains">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/military/index.ssf/2015/02/fort_polk_gains_700_soldiers_a.html|title=Fort Polk gains 700 soldiers as Army's 4th Brigade is redesignated}}</ref>
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** [[File:6CavRegtDUI.jpg|25px]] 6th Squadron (Attack/ Reconnaissance), [[6th Cavalry Regiment]] "Six Shooters"
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 1st Battalion (Attack), [[10th Aviation Regiment (United States)|10th Aviation Regiment]] "Tigershark"
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 2nd Battalion (Assault), 10th Aviation Regiment
*** [[File:10 Avn Rgt DUI.jpg|25px]] 3rd Battalion (General Support), 10th Aviation Regiment "Phoenix"
*** [[File:US 277th ASB Insignia.png|25px]] 277th Aviation Support Battalion "Mountain Eagle"
** '''[[10th Sustainment Brigade|10th Division Sustainment Brigade]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=4617|title=10th Sustainment Brigade|access-date=30 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610162120/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=4617|archive-date=10 June 2011}}</ref>
*** [[File:10SustainBdeDUI.jpg|25px]] Headquarters and Headquarters Company
*** [[File:10th STB.jpg|25px]] 10th Mountain Division Special Troops Battalion "Workhorse"<ref>{{cite web |title=Special Troops Battalion, 10th Mountain Division |url=https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=4407&grp=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221085645/https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=4407&grp=2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 February 2024 |access-date=21 Feb 2024 |website=The Institute of Heraldry |publisher=}}</ref>
*** [[File:US 548th CSSB insignia.jpg|25px]] 548th Division Sustainment Support Battalion

== Previous commanders ==
Individuals who have served as commanders and command sergeants major of the 10th Mountain Division include:<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Thomas D. |last2=Kobylanski |first2=Lori J. |date=20 April 2015 |title=Fort Drum Pamphlet 600-5: 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) and Fort Drum Standards |url=http://www.drum.army.mil/Publications/Documents/Forms/DispForm.aspx?ID=1 |location=Fort Drum, NY |publisher=10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry) |page=31 |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125250/http://www.drum.army.mil/Publications/Documents/Forms/DispForm.aspx?ID=1 }}</ref>

'''Division commanders'''

{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Major General (United States)|MG]] [[Lloyd E. Jones]], July 1943 – November 1944
* MG [[George Price Hays|George P. Hays]], November 1944 – November 1945
* '''Division inactivated, November 1945 – August 1948'''
* MG [[Lester J. Whitlock]], August 1948 – October 1950
* MG [[James Edward Moore|James E. Moore]], November 1950 – May 1951
* [[Brigadier general (United States)|BG]] [[Marcus B. Bell]], May 1951 – November 1951
* MG [[George D. Shea]], November 1951 – January 1953
* MG [[Thomas Leonard Harrold|Thomas L. Harrold]], February 1953 – June 1954
* MG [[Philip De Witt Ginder|Philip D. Ginder]], June 1954 – March 1955
* MG [[George E. Martin]], April 1955 – March 1956
* MG [[Barksdale Hamlett]], April 1956 – June 1957
* MG Walter B. Yeager, July 1957 – April 1958
* BG Miller O. Perry, May 1958 – June 1958
* '''Division inactivated, June 1958 – February 1985'''
* MG [[Bill Carpenter|William S. Carpenter]], February 1985 – April 1988
* MG [[Peter J. Boylan]], April 1988 – September 1990
* MG James R. Ellis, September 1990 – September 1991
* MG [[Steven L. Arnold]], September 1991 – August 1993
* MG [[David C. Meade]], August 1993 – July 1995
* MG [[Thomas N. Burnette]], July 1995 – July 1997
* MG Lawson W. Magruder, June 1997 – March 1998
* MG [[James L. Campbell]], March 1998 – August 2001
* MG [[Franklin L. Hagenbeck|Franklin L. (Buster) Hagenbeck]], August 2001 – August 2003
* MG [[Lloyd Austin|Lloyd J. Austin III]], August 2003 – August 2005
* MG [[Benjamin Freakley|Benjamin C. Freakley]], August 2005 – April 2007
* MG [[Michael L. Oates]], April 2007 – September 2009
* MG [[James L. Terry]], September 2009 – November 2011
* MG [[Mark A. Milley]], November 2011 – December 2012
* MG [[Stephen J. Townsend]], December 2012 – March 2015
* MG [[Jeffrey L. Bannister]], March 2015 – April 2017
* MG [[Walter E. Piatt]], April 2017 – May 2019
* MG [[Brian J. Mennes]], May 2019 – July 2021
* MG [[Milford H. Beagle Jr.]], July 2021 – September 2022
* MG [[Gregory K. Anderson]], September 2022 – May 2024
* MG [[Scott M. Naumann]], May 2024 – present
{{Div col end}}

'''Command Sergeants Major'''

{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* CSM Southern W. Hewitt, January 1985 – July 1990
* CSM Robert C. Sexton, July 1990 – May 1994
* CSM Jesse G. Laye, June 1994 – July 1995
* CSM Frank J. Mantia, July 1995 – February 1998
* CSM Teddy Harman, February 1998 – July 2000
* CSM Kenneth C. Lopez, October 2000 – August 2002
* CSM Dennis M. Carey, August 2002 – June 2004
* CSM Ralph C. Borja, July 2004 – May 2007
* CSM James W. Redmore, July 2007 – March 2010
* CSM Christopher K. Greca, March 2010 – November 2011
* CSM Richard Merritt, January 2012 – January 2014
* CSM R. Ray Lewis, January 2014 – January 2016
* CSM Charles W. Albertson, January 2016 – September 2017
* CSM Samuel Roark, November 2017 – March 2020
* CSM Mario O. Terenas, March 2020 – July 2022
* CSM Nema Mobarakzadeh, July 2022 – May 2024
* CSM Brett W. Johnson, May 2024 – present
{{Div col end}}

== Notable former members ==
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Travis Atkins]], Iraq<ref>{{cite news |last=Strasser |first=Mike |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Soldier recalls serving with Medal of Honor recipient Staff Sgt. Travis Atkins |url=https://www.army.mil/article/219327/soldier_recalls_serving_with_medal_of_honor_recipient_staff_sgt_travis_atkins |work=Army.mil |location=Arlington, VA}}</ref>
* [[Skippy Baxter]], World War II<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Chris |date=December 19, 2012 |title='Skippy' Baxter an inspiration on ice |url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/skippy-baxter-an-inspiration-on-ice/ |work=[[The Press Democrat]] |location=Santa Rosa, CA}}</ref>
* [[Bill Bowerman]], World War II<ref name="Leonard">{{cite news |last=Leonard |first=Brendan |date=January 20, 2015 |title=Famous 10th Mountain Division Veterans |url=https://www.adventure-journal.com/2015/01/the-aj-list-famous-10th-mountain-division-veterans/ |work=Adventure Journal |location=Dana Point, CA |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505123128/https://www.adventure-journal.com/2015/01/the-aj-list-famous-10th-mountain-division-veterans/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[David Brower]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
* [[Bob Dole]], World War II<ref name="Case">{{cite news |last=Case |first=Mike |date=July 9, 2021 |title=Skiing, Sen. Bob Dole and the Von Trapp Brothers: 10 Facts About the 10th Mountain Division |url=https://www.uso.org/stories/2396-skiing-sen-bob-dole-and-the-von-trapp-brothers-10-facts-about-the-10th-mountain-division |work=USO.org |location=Arlington, VA}}</ref>
* [[Donald G. Dunn]], World War II<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=August 18, 2021 |title=In Memoriam: Donald G. Dunn (1923-2021) |url=https://history.osu.edu/news/memoriam-donald-g.-dunn-1923-2021 |work=Ohio State University Department of History News |publisher=Ohio State University |location=Columbus, OH}}</ref>
* [[James Earl Jones]], Cold War
* [[Billy Kearns]], World War II<ref>{{cite news |date=December 4, 1992 |title=Bill Kearns, 69, Actor Seen in French Films |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/04/obituaries/bill-kearns-69-actor-seen-in-french-films.html?pagewanted=1 |work=[[The New York Times]] |page=D-19}}</ref>
* [[John David Magrath]], World War II<ref>{{cite news |last=DeWitt |first=Jeffrey |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Private First Class John David McGrath; U.S. Army |url=https://norwalkctheroes.org/2020/07/28/private-first-class-john-david-magrath-u-s-army/ |work=Honor Norwalk, Connecticut veterans |location=Norwalk, CT}}</ref>
* [[Chelsea Manning]], Iraq<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mcgraw |first1=Meridith |last2=Kelsey |first2=Adam |date=May 16, 2017 |title=Everything you need to know about Chelsea Manning |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/chelsea-manning/story?id=44809970 |publisher=ABC News}}</ref>
* [[Jared C. Monti]], Afghanistan<ref>{{cite news |last=Cole |first=Jeff |date=May 26, 2021 |title=Retired Fort Drum soldiers share their Afghanistan war experience |url=https://www.wwnytv.com/2021/05/26/retired-fort-drum-soldiers-share-their-afghanistan-war-experience/ |work=WWNY TV |location=Watertown, NY}}</ref>
* [[Paul Petzoldt]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
* [[Walter Prager]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
* [[Michael Prysner]], Iraq<ref>{{cite news |last=Blevins |first=Aaron |date=January 17, 2013 |title=Activists' anti-war fight continues |url=https://beverlypress.com/2013/01/activists%E2%80%99-anti-war-fight-continues/ |work=Beverly Press |location=Beverly Hills, CA}}</ref>
* [[Pete Seibert]], World War II<ref name="Leonard"/>
* [[William D. Swenson]], Afghanistan<ref>{{cite news |date=September 16, 2013 |title=President Obama to Award Medal of Honor |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/09/16/president-obama-award-medal-honor |work=The White House, Office of the Press Secretary |location=Washington, DC}}</ref>
* [[Torger Tokle]], World War II
* [[Rupert von Trapp]], World War II<ref name="Case"/>
* [[Werner von Trapp]], World War II<ref name="Case"/>
* [[Alejandro Villanueva (American football)|Alejandro Villanueva]], Afghanistan<ref name="Case"/>
* [[Eric Wolf]], World War II
{{Div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Baumgardner |first=Randy W. |title=10th Mountain Division |publisher=[[Turner Publishing Company]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-1-56311-430-4 |location=Nashville, Tennessee}}
* {{Cite book |last=Feuer |first=A. B. |year=2006 |title=Packs On!: Memoirs of the 10th Mountain Division in World War II |location=Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania |publisher=Stackpole Books |isbn=978-0-8117-3289-5}}
* {{Cite web |last=Hampton |first=Henry J. |date=12 June 1945 |title=The Riva Ridge Operation |url=http://10thmtndivassoc.org/Hampton.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613000031/http://10thmtndivassoc.org/Hampton.pdf |access-date=30 January 2014}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Andy |last2=Callahan |first2=Pat |year=2012 |title=NATO Order of Battle 1989 |url=http://www.microarmormayhem.com/NATO_ORDER_OF_BATTLE_mod_8.doc |format=.doc}}
* {{Cite book |last=McGrath |first=John J. |year=2004 |title=The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the US Army |location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |isbn=978-1-4404-4915-4}}
* {{Citation |last=Parnell |first=Sean |year=2012 |title=Outlaw Platoon: Heroes, Renegades, Infidels, and the Brotherhood of War in Afghanistan |location=New York |publisher=William Morrow |isbn=978-0-06-206639-8}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130723164412/http://www.pritzkermilitarylibrary.org/Home/sean-parnell.aspx Author webcast interview].
* {{Cite book |last=Pushies |first=Fred |year=2008 |title=10th Mountain Division |url=https://archive.org/details/10thmountaindivi0000push |url-access=registration |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |publisher=Zenith Press |isbn=978-0-7603-3349-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sasser |first=Charles W.  |year=2009|title=None Left Behind: The 10th Mountain Division and the Triangle of Death |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-312-55544-3}}
* {{Cite book  |last=Shelton |first=Peter |year=2003 |title=Climb to Conquer: The Untold Story of WWII's 10th Mountain Division Ski Troops |url=https://archive.org/details/climbtoconquerun00pete |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] |isbn=978-0-7432-2606-6}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Skiing Heritage Journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFgEAAAAMBAJ |date=Fall 1995 |journal=Skiing Heritage Journal |volume=7 |issue=2: The 10th Mountain Division's 50th Memorial Day |location=New Hartford, Connecticut |issn=1082-2895 |oclc=29404456 |ref={{harvid|Skiing Heritage Journal|1995}} }}
* {{Cite book |last=Young |first=Gordon Russell |year=1959 |title=Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEZQAQAAIAAJ |location=Washington, D.C |publisher=United States Government Printing Office}} Reprint: {{ISBN|978-0-7581-3548-3}}.
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Hal Burton, ''The Ski Troops'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971)
* Harris Dusenbery, ''Ski the High Trail: World War II Ski Troopers in the High Colorado Rockies'' (Portland: Binford & Mort, 1991)
* Harris Dusenbery, ''The North Apennines and Beyond with the 10th Mountain Division'' (Portland: Binford & Mort, 1998)
* Frank Harper, ''Night Climb'' (New York: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1946)
* Maurice Isserman, ''The Winter Army: The World War II Odyssey of the 10th Mountain Division, America's Elite Alpine Warriors'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2019)
* McKay Jenkins, ''The Last Ridge'' (New York: Random House, 2003), {{ISBN|0-375-50771-X}}
* Theodore D. Lockwood ''Mountaineers'' (Denver: Artcraft Press, 1950?), {{OCLC|03418600}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|auto=yes}}
{{Wikisource|History of the Tenth Light Division (Alpine)}}
* [https://home.army.mil/drum/ 10th Mountain Division Official Homepage]
* [http://www.spartanassociation.org/ 3rd BCT Spartan Association]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621144815/http://spartanassociation.org/ |date=21 June 2013 }}
* [https://www.angelfire.com/ny5/msgfisher/ww1pic.htm 10th Infantry Division, First World War]
* [http://www.10thmtndivassoc.org/ 10th Mountain Division Association, Inc.]
* [http://www.coloradoskiauthority.com/ski-cooper/10th-mountain/ 10th Mountain Division Memorial at Ski Cooper]

{{Army Divisions (United States)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:010}}
[[Category:10th Mountain Division (United States)]]
[[Category:World War II operations and battles of the Italian Campaign]]
[[Category:Military history of Italy during World War II]]
[[Category:History of Trentino]]
[[Category:Amphibious operations of World War II]]
[[Category:Missing in action of World War II]]
[[Category:World War II memorials in Italy]]
[[Category:2023 documentary films]]

[[Category:Infantry divisions of the United States Army in World War II|010th Mountain Division, U.S.]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1943]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Mountain infantry divisions]]
[[Category:United States Army divisions during World War II|Mountain Division, U.S. 010th]]