View source for 1120

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{About year|1120}}
{{Year nav|1120}}
{{C12 year in topic}}[[File:Jurchen-characters-from-Yanzhou-shanren-sibu-gao.png|thumb|[[Jurchen script|Jurchen]] translation of the Chinese couplet, ''Ming wang shen de, si yi xian bin'' ("明王慎德.四夷咸宾": "When a wise king is heedful of virtue, foreigners from all quarters come as guests")]]Year '''1120''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCXX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[Siege of Sozopolis]]: [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] forces under Emperor [[John II Komnenos]] conquer [[Sozopolis, Pisidia|Sozopolis]] in [[Pisidia]], from the [[Sultanate of Rum]]. The [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk]] garrison is defeated while they are trapped between the Byzantine cavalry and the army (which is besieging the fortress).<ref>Harry J. Magoulias (1984). ''O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates'', p. 9. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8143-1764-8}}.</ref>

==== Levant ====
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Council of Nablus]]: King [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem]] and [[Patriarch Warmund of Jerusalem|Patriarch Warmund]] convenes an assembly at [[Nablus]], establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. The prelates and noblemen who attend the meeting confirm the clergy's right to collect the tithe and to bear arms "in the cause of defense".<ref>Malcolm Barber (2012). ''The Crusader States'', p. 131. Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-11312-9}}.</ref>
* Baldwin II grants the [[Knights Templar]] under [[Hugues de Payens]] and [[Godfrey de Saint-Omer]] a headquarters in a wing of the royal palace on the [[Temple Mount]] in the captured [[Qibli Mosque|Al-Aqsa Mosque]] in the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City of Jerusalem]]. 
* Summer &ndash; Baldwin II leads an expedition to [[Antioch]] to defend the northern [[Crusader states]]. He signs a 1-year truce with [[Ilghazi]], [[Artuqids|Artuqid]] ruler of [[Mardin]], securing the possession of [[Kafartab]] and other fortresses in [[Syria]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 128. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>

==== Europe ====
* [[June 17]] &ndash; ''[[Reconquista]]'': [[Battle of Cutanda]]: The combined forces of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Kingdom of Navarre|Navarre]] under King [[Alfonso the Battler]] crush the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] army near [[Calamocha]]. Alfonso [[Siege of Calatayud|recaptures]] the fortified towns of [[Calatayud]] and [[Daroca]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Gilbert|last=Meynier|year=2010|title=L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique: De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518)|location=Paris|publisher=La Découverte|page=86}}</ref>
* The Almoravid fleet under Admirals Abu Abd Allah ibn Maymum of [[Almería]] and Isa ibn Maymum of [[Sevilla]] attacks the coastline of the Christian [[Kingdom of Galicia]].<ref name="lameretlesmulmans">{{cite book|last=Picard|first=C.|year=1997|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age|location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France}}{{Page needed|date=March 2016}}</ref>
* [[Freiburg im Breisgau|Freiburg]] is founded by [[Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen|Conrad I]] and his elder brother, Duke [[Berthold III, Duke of Zähringen|Berthold III]] of [[Zähringen (Freiburg)|Zähringen]], as a free market town.

==== England ====
* King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] gives a portion of the [[Stoneleigh, Warwickshire|Stoneleigh]] estate (located in [[Warwickshire]]) to [[Geoffrey de Clinton]], his [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] and treasurer. He builds a [[Motte-and-bailey castle|motte and bailey castle]] and forms a lake to provide better defences.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The ''[[White Ship]]'' sinks in the [[English Channel]] off [[Barfleur]]. Henry I's only legitimate son, [[William Adelin]], is among 300 (many of them Anglo-Norman nobility) who drown.
* The [[Pseudo-Ingulf]]'s ''[[Croyland Chronicle]]'' records [[Cornwall]] as a nation distinct from [[Kingdom of England|England]].

==== Asia ====
* [[Fang La]], a Chinese rebel leader, leads an uprising against the [[Song dynasty]] in Qixian Village (modern-day [[Zhejiang]]) in southeast China. He raises an army and captures [[Hangzhou]].
* August&ndash;September (the eighth month of the [[Chinese calendar]]) &ndash; [[Wanyan Xiyin]], a [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] nobleman and minister, completes the design of the first version of the [[Jurchen script]].
* The flourishing south Chinese coastal city of [[Quanzhou]] claims a population of 500,000 citizens, including the hinterland.<ref>John S. Brown (2000). ''Colombia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture'', p. 32. {{ISBN|0-231-11004-9}}.</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* Order of [[Premonstratensians]] founded by [[Norbert of Xanten]] at [[Prémontré]] in [[Picardy]].
* Bishop [[Urban (bishop of Llandaff)|Urban]] begins the construction on [[Llandaff Cathedral]] in [[Wales]].

==== Science ====
* [[Walcher of Malvern]], an English [[astronomer]] and [[mathematician]], creates a system of measurement for the [[Earth]] using degrees, minutes and seconds of [[latitude]] and [[longitude]].</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[Alfonso of Capua]], Italo-Norman nobleman (d. [[1144]])
* [[Arnold I of Vaucourt]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Trier]] (d. [[1183]])
* [[Frederick II (Archbishop of Cologne)|Frederick II of Berg]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]] (d. [[1158]])
* [[Fujiwara no Yorinaga]], Japanese statesman (d. [[1156]])
* [[Gonçalo Mendes de Sousa]], Portuguese 
[[Nobility|nobleman]] (d. [[1190]])
* [[Gunhilda of Dunbar]], Scottish Noblewoman (d. [[1166]])
* [[Ioveta of Bethany]], princess and daughter of [[Baldwin II of Jerusalem|Baldwin II]]
* [[Jaksa Gryfita]], Polish nobleman and knight (d. [[1176]])
* [[Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon]], Arab-Jewish translator
* [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] (''le Jeune''), king of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (d. [[1180]])
* [[Philip of Milly]], French nobleman and knight (d. [[1171]])
* [[Rainald of Dassel]], archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne|Cologne]] (d. [[1167]])
* [[Roger de Mowbray (died 1188)|Roger de Mowbray]], English nobleman (d. [[1188]])
* [[Pope Urban III|Urban III]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (d. [[1187]])
* [[William I of Sicily|William I]] ("the Wicked"), king of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (d. [[1166]])
* [[Zhao Boju]], Chinese [[Landscape painting|landscape painter]] (d. [[1182]])

== Deaths ==
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Blessed Gerard]], founder of the [[Knights Hospitaller]]
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Welf II, Duke of Bavaria|Welf II]] ("the Fat"), duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (b. [[1072]])
* [[November 25]] 
** [[Matilda FitzRoy, Countess of Perche|Matilda FitzRoy]], countess and daughter of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]
** [[Ralph the Red of Pont-Echanfray|Ralph of Pont-Echanfray]], Norman knight (b. [[1070]])
** [[Richard d'Avranches]], 2nd [[Earl of Chester]] (b. [[1094]])
** [[William Adelin]], duke and son of Henry I (b. [[1103]])
* [[Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois|Adelaide]], countess of [[Vermandois]] and [[Crépy-en-Valois|Valois]] (or [[1124]])
* [[Afridun I]] (the Martyr), ruler (''[[shah]]'') of [[Shirvan]] (b. [[1046]])
* [[Eudo Dapifer]] (or FitzHerbert), Norman nobleman
* [[Fujiwara no Atsutaka]], Japanese nobleman and poet
* [[Fujiwara no Sadazane]], Japanese [[Calligraphy|calligrapher]] (b. [[1076]])
* [[Ingegerd of Norway|Ingegerd]], queen of [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]] (b. 1046)
* [[Raymond Pilet d'Alès]], French nobleman (b. [[1075]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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