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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1160}}
{{Year nav|1160}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Riproduzione-carta-cremasco.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|The Comune of [[Crema, Lombardy|Crema]] (15th century)]]
Year '''1160''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLX]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Friday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* Spring &ndash; Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos]] sends an embassy led by [[John Kontostephanos (son of Stephen)|John Kontostephanos]] to [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], to ask King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem|Baldwin III]] to nominate one of the princesses of the [[Crusader states]], as a bride for the widowed emperor. Their two candidates are 15-year-old [[Maria of Antioch]], and [[Melisende of Tripoli]]. Baldwin suggests Melisende, and her brother Count [[Raymond III, Count of Tripoli|Raymond III]] sets about gathering an enormous [[dowry]]. The ambassadors are not satisfied, and delay the marriage for over a year. They hear rumours about Melisende's birth, based on her mother's (Countess [[Hodierna of Jerusalem]]) infidelity, and therefore Melisende's possible illegitimacy.<ref name=Runciman1160>{{cite book|author-link=Steven Runciman|first=Steven|last=Runciman|year=1952|title=A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem|pages=291–293|isbn=978-0-241-29876-3}}</ref> In the end, the Emperor marries Maria in [[1161]] and Melisende eventually enters a convent.

==== Europe ====
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Frederick Barbarossa]], Holy Roman Emperor, captures [[Crema, Lombardy]] after a 6-month siege, as part of his campaign against the independent Italian city-states. Some 20,000 survivors are allowed to leave the city with whatever they could carry before Crema is looted and burnt to the ground.<ref>Bradbury, Jim (1992). ''The Medieval Siege'', p. 92. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. {{ISBN|978-0-851-15357-5}}.</ref> The expense of the siege (over 2,000 silver marks) and Frederick's determination to enforce it over the winter, demonstrates his ability to hold troops in the field and to keep his allies on side.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2008). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)'', p. 134. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>  
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Saint Erik|Erik IX Jedvardsson of Sweden]] is murdered, after which his murderer [[Magnus Henriksen]] proclaims himself king of [[Sweden]] as Magnus II. He is murdered in turn the following year, however. Erik is soon worshipped as a saint. Though never formally canonized by Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], he eventually becomes the [[patron saint]] of Sweden.
* [[November 2]] &ndash; Betrothal of 5-year-old [[Henry the Young King]] of England and 2-year-old [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Marguerite]], daughter of [[Louis VII of France]]; she brings Norman [[Vexin]] to the English crown as a dowry.<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|page=67|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; Within weeks of the death of his second wife, Queen [[Constance of Castile]], King [[Louis VII of France]] marries [[Adela of Champagne]], daughter of Count [[Theobald II, Count of Champagne|Theobald II]] ("the Great").
* A plot of land at [[Miholjanec]] is donated to the [[Knights Templar]], who build a monastery in nearby Zdelia. This is the earliest historical mention of the Templars in [[Croatia]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Crusades and the Military Orders|page=246|first1=Zsolt|last1=Hunyadi|first2=József|last2=Laszlovszky|publisher=Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies|isbn=978-963-9241-42-8}}</ref>
* [[Spital am Semmering]] (modern [[Austria]]) is founded by Margrave [[Ottokar III of Styria|Ottokar III]]. He erects a hospital and completes the colonization of the area around the [[Traisen (river)|Traisen]] and [[Gölsen]] rivers.
* A large Portuguese offensive begins in the [[Alentejo]] region, against the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident dál-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref> The city of [[Tomar]] is founded by [[Gualdim Pais]], [[Grand master (order)|Grand Master]] of the Knights Templar.
* The island of [[Lundy]] is granted to the [[Knights Templar]] by Henry II of England.

==== Levant ====
* Autumn &ndash; [[Raynald of Châtillon]], prince of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]], makes a plundering raid in the valley of the [[Euphrates]] at [[Kahramanmaraş|Marash]] to seize cattle, horses and camels from the local peasants. On his way back to Antioch, he and his retinue are attacked by Zangid warriors. Raynald is unhorsed, captured and sent to [[Aleppo]] where he is put in jail.<ref name=Runciman1160/>

==== Africa ====
* The Almohads conquer [[Mahdia]] (modern [[Tunisia]]) from the [[Italo-Norman|Normans]] after an important naval success near the city, against Christian reinforcements coming from [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|location=Paris}}</ref>
* Approximate date &ndash; A commercial treaty between the [[Almohad Caliphate]] and the [[Republic of Pisa]] opens the [[North African]] ports to Tuscan merchants.

==== Asia ====
* In Japan, the [[Heiji Rebellion]] began with the [[Siege of Sanjō Palace|siege of the Sanjō Palace]].<ref>Samson, George (1958). ''A History of Japan to 1334'', pp. 256–258. Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|08-0470-523-2}}.</ref>
* Emperor [[Dharanindravarman II]] dies and is succeeded by his cousin [[Yasovarman II]] as ruler of the [[Khmer Empire]] (modern [[Cambodia]]). Dharanindravarman's son [[Jayavarman VII]] goes into exile in neighboring [[Champa]].

=== By topic ===

==== Education ====
* Approximate date &ndash; [[Derby School]] is founded by [[Walkelin de Derby]] in [[Derby]] ([[Kingdom of England|England]]); it will survive until 1989.

== Births ==
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Alys of France, Countess of Vexin|Alys of France]], daughter of [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] (d. [[1220]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Conrad of Querfurt]], German bishop (d. [[1202]])
* [[Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur]], Almohad caliph (d. [[1199]])
* [[Adolf III of Holstein|Adolf III]], count of [[County of Schaumburg|Schaumburg]] and [[Holstein]] (d. [[1225]])
* [[Alice of Courtenay]], French [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1218]])
* [[Ali ibn al-Athir]], Arab historian and biographer (d. [[1233]])
* [[Azriel of Gerona]], Catalan Jewish leader (d. [[1238]])
* [[Beatrice of Viennois]], countess of [[Savoy]] (d. [[1230]])
* [[Bertold V, Duke of Zähringen|Bertold V]], German nobleman ([[House of Zähringen]]) (d. 1218)
* [[Cadenet (troubadour)|Cadenet]], French poet and [[troubadour]] (approximate date)
* [[David Kimhi]], French [[rabbi]] and grammarian (d. [[1235]])
* [[Dulce of Aragon]], queen of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] (d. [[1198]])
* [[Eschiva of Ibelin (died 1196)|Eschiva of Ibelin]], queen of [[Kingdom of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (d. [[1196]])
* [[Eudokia Komnene, wife of William VIII of Montpellier|Eudokia Komnene]], French noblewoman (d. [[1203]])
* [[Hartmann, Count of Württemberg|Hartmann I]], count of [[Württemberg]] (d. [[1240]])
* [[Isaac the Blind]], French rabbi and writer (d. 1235)
* [[John of Hexham]], English chronicler (d. [[1209]])
* [[John of Matha]], French priest and saint (d. [[1213]])
* [[Konoe Motomichi]], Japanese nobleman (d. 1233)
* [[Ma Yuan (painter)|Ma Yuan]], Chinese [[Landscape painting|landscape painter]] (d. [[1225]])
* [[Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania|Mestwin I]], duke of [[Pomerelia|Pomerania]] (approximate date)
* [[Parisius]] (or Parisio), Italian priest and saint (d. [[1267]])
* [[Philip the Chancellor]], French theologian (d. [[1236]])
* [[Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen|Rudolph I]], count palatine of [[Tübingen]] (d. [[1219]])
* [[Sasaki Takatsuna]], Japanese [[samurai]] (d. [[1214]])
* [[Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem|Sibylla]] (or Sibylle), queen of [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] (d. [[1190]])
* [[Siraj al-Din al-Sakaki]], Persian scholar (d. [[1229]])
* [[Taira no Koremori]], Japanese general (d. [[1184]])
* [[Taira no Noritsune]], Japanese nobleman (d. [[1185]])
* [[Tamar of Georgia|Tamar the Great]], queen of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]] (approximate date)
* [[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus III]], duke of [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]] (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Al-Muqtafi]], caliph of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (b. [[1096]])<ref>{{EI2 | volume = 7 | pages = 543–544 | last = Zetterstéen | first = K. V. | author-link = Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen | title = al-Muḳtafī | doi =10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5482}}</ref>
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry|William FitzAlan]], Breton nobleman (b. [[1105]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Rudolf I, Count of Bregenz|Rudolf I]], count of [[County of Bregenz|Bregenz]] and [[Raetia Curiensis|Chur]] (b. [[1081]])
* [[May 18]] 
** [[Saint Erik|Erik IX Jedvardsson]] ("the Holy"), king of [[Sweden]] (b. [[1120]])
** [[Ibn al-Qalanisi]], Arab politician and chronicler
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Mechtildis of Edelstetten]], German [[abbess]]
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah]], Fatimid caliph (b. [[1149]])
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Constance of Castile]], queen of [[France in the Middle Ages|France]] (b. [[1141]])
* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn]], Irish poet (b. [[1102]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Fujiwara no Nariko]], Japanese empress (b. [[1117]])
* [[Dharanindravarman II]], Cambodian ruler of the [[Khmer Empire]]
* [[Fujiwara no Michinori]], Japanese nobleman  (b. [[1106]])
* [[Fujiwara no Nobuyori]], Japanese nobleman   (b. [[1133]])
* [[Gonzalo Fernández de Traba]], Galician nobleman
* [[Helena of Skövde]], Swedish noblewoman and saint
* [[Herman III, Margrave of Baden]] ("the Great"), German nobleman (b. 1105)
* [[Herman of Carinthia]], German astronomer (b. [[1100]])
* [[Hugh Candidus]], English monk and historian (b. [[1095]])
* [[Ibn Quzman]], Andalusian poet and writer (b. [[1087]])
* [[Mahsati]], Persian female poet and writer (b. [[1089]])
* [[Minamoto no Tomonaga]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1144]])
* [[Minamoto no Yoshihira]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1140]])
* [[Minamoto no Yoshitomo]], Japanese general (b. [[1123]])
* [[Niklot]], Obotrite prince ([[House of Mecklenburg]]) (b. [[1090]])
* [[Peter Lombard]], French bishop and theologian (b. 1096)
* [[Philip of France, Archdeacon of Paris|Philip of France]], French prince and archdeacon (b. [[1132]])
* [[Raymond du Puy]], French knight and [[List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] (b. [[1083]])
* [[Robert I, Prior of St Andrews|Robert I]] (Nostell), Norman churchman and prior (b. 1100)
* [[Sophie of Winzenburg]], German noblewoman (b. 1105)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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