View source for 1178

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1178}}
{{Year nav|1178}}
{{C12 year in topic}} 
[[File:Giorgi III of Georgia (Kintsvisi monastery fresco).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Fresco of [[George III of Georgia|George III]] (r. 1156–1184)]]
Year '''1178''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1178th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 178th year of the [[2nd millennium]], the 78th year of the [[12th century]], and the 9th year of the [[1170s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===

==== Europe ====
* [[June 30]] &ndash; Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') is crowned [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]] at [[Arles]]. He will repeat the ceremony in [[1186]]. Returning to [[Germany]], he begins proceedings against [[Henry the Lion|Henry III]] ('''the Lion'''), duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], who has been charged by Saxon noblemen with breaking the king's peace. 
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Saracen]] pirates, from the [[Balearic Islands]], raid the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[Lérins Abbey|monastery of Saint Honorat]] on the [[Lérins Islands]], and the city of [[Toulon]], killing an estimated 300 and taking captives. The surviving captives are freed from the [[Balearic Islands]] in [[1185]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Pays d'Islam et monde latin, Xe-XIIIe siècle: textes et documents|publisher=Presses Universitaires de Lyon|location=Lyon|author=Unité mixte de recherche 5648--Histoire et archéologie des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux}}</ref>
* King [[George III of Georgia|George III]] defeats a nobles' revolt and proclaims his 18-year-old daughter [[Tamar of Georgia|Tamar]] ('''the Great''') as co-ruler of [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]].
* [[Orio Mastropiero]] is elected by the [[Council of Forty]] as doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]], following the retirement of [[Sebastiano Ziani]].
* Portuguese forces under King [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso I]] ('''the Conqueror''') capture the city of [[Beja (Portugal)|Beja]] from the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]].<ref name="lameretlesmusulmans78">Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p. 78.</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[August 17]] &ndash; A [[Battle of Hama (1178)|battle]] occurs as a Latin force raids the vicinity of [[Hama]], [[Syria]].

=== By topic ===

==== Art and Science ====
* The [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] begins to lean, as the third level is completed (approximate date). 

==== Religion ====
* Summer &ndash; Antipope [[Antipope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]] submits to Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] after having reigned for 10 years with support from Frederick I.
* [[June 18]] &ndash; Five monks from [[Canterbury]] see what is possibly the [[Giordano Bruno (crater)|Giordano Bruno crater]] being formed.
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== Births ==
* [[October 27]] &ndash; [[Zhen Dexiu]], Chinese politician (d. [[1235]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Emperor Antoku|Antoku]], emperor of [[Japan]] (d. [[1185]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Antoku {{!}} emperor of Japan |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoku |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=15 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Alam al-Din al-Hanafi]], Ayyubid mathematician (d. [[1251]])
* [[Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam|Al-Faqih al-Muqaddam]], Arab religious leader (d. [[1232]])
* [[Armand de Périgord]], French Grand Master (d. [[1244]])
* [[Hugh I of Arborea|Hugh I]], Sardinian ruler ([[Judge of Arborea]]) (d. [[1211]])
* [[Matteo Rosso Orsini]], Italian politician (d. [[1246]])
* [[Peter II of Aragon|Peter II]] ('''the Catholic'''), king of [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]] (d. [[1213]])
* [[Roland of Cremona]], French theologian (d. [[1259]])
* [[Thomas, Count of Savoy|Thomas I]] (or '''Tommaso'''), count of [[Savoy]] (d. [[1233]])
* [[Wei Liaoweng]], Chinese politician and philosopher (d. [[1237]])
* [[Wuzhun Shifan]], Chinese [[Chinese calligraphy|calligrapher]] and painter (d. [[1249]])

== Deaths ==
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Evermode of Ratzeburg]], German bishop 
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Godfrey van Rhenen]], bishop of [[Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht|Utrecht]]
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Pribislav of Mecklenburg|Pribislav]], prince of [[Mecklenburg]]
* [[Áedh Ua Flaithbheartaigh]], king of [[Iar Connacht]]
* [[Ada de Warenne]], Scottish [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (b. [[1120]])
* [[Amadeus I of Geneva|Amadeus I]], Swiss nobleman ([[County of Geneva|House of Geneva]])
* [[Anthelm of Belley]], French [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]] and bishop (b. [[1107]])
* [[Frowin of Engelberg]] ('''the Blessed'''), Swiss [[abbot]]
* [[Fujiwara no Narichika]], Japanese nobleman (b. [[1138]])
* [[Kristin Sigurdsdatter]], Norwegian princess (b. [[1125]])
* [[Nashwan al-Himyari]], Arab theologian and writer
* [[Petrus Comestor]], French theologian and writer
* [[Philippa of Antioch]], princess of [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] (b. [[1148]])
* [[Richard the Chaplain]], bishop of [[Archdiocese of St Andrews|Cell Rigmonaid]]
* [[Walter de Bidun]], English bishop and chancellor
* [[William of Lucca]], Italian theologian and writer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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