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{{About year|1465}}
[[File:King Henry VI.jpg|200px|thumb|[[July 13]]: The former King Henry VI of England is captured as a fugitive and put in prison by King Edward IV.]]
{{Year nav|1465}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1465''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXV]]''') was a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Kiliya|Chilia]] is conquered by [[Stephen the Great]] of Moldavia, following a second siege. 
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy|Amadeus IX]] becomes [[Duchy of Savoy|Duke of Savoy]].
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Charles VIII of Sweden]] is deposed. [[Clergyman]] [[Kettil Karlsson Vasa]] becomes [[List of Swedish monarchs|Regent of Sweden]]. 
* [[February 28]] &ndash; In the [[Catalan Civil War]], the [[:ca:Batalla_de_Calaf|Battle of Calaf]] is fought and [[Peter, Constable of Portugal|Pedro V]], the self-proclaimed King of Aragon, is defeated near [[Barcelona]] by the legitimate King, [[John II of Aragon|Juan II]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Bisson|first=Thomas N.|title=The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History|publisher=Clarendon Press|place=Oxford|year=1986|page=152|isbn=0-19-821987-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_NncxsOhdQC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Vicens Vives |first=Jaume |title=Juan II de Aragón (1398-1479): monarquía y revolución en la España del siglo XV |trans-title=John II of Aragon (1398-1479): Monarchy and Revolution in 15th century Spain |year=2003 |orig-date=1953 |editor=Paul Freedman i Josep Mª Muñoz i Lloret |publisher=Urgoiti editores |place=Pamplona |isbn=84-932479-8-7 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Queens' College, Cambridge]], dormant since 1447, is re-established on the campus of the [[University of Cambridge]] by the queen consort of England, [[Elizabeth Woodville]], with the official name of "the College of St. Margaret and St. Bernard in the University of Cambridge."<ref>Arlene Okerlund, ''Elizabeth: England's Slandered Queen'' (History Press, 2006)</ref>
* [[March 28]] &ndash; King [[Edward IV]] gives royal assent to acts passed by the [[English Parliament]], including the [[Pattens Act 1464]], regulating the manufacture of [[Patten (shoe)|pattens]], shoes with wooden soles and heels, and leather covering, declaring that "Patten-makers may make pattens of such asp as is not fit for shafts." The law is among several given royal assent to regulate clothing, including the Cloths Act, the Exportation of Wool Act and Contracting for Wool Act and the Shoemakers Act.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=4° Edw. IV. |chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915526&seq=425 |title=The Statutes of the Realm | date=1963 |volume=2: 1377 to 1509 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915526 |via=[[Hathi Trust]] |pages=403–418 | publisher=Dawsons of Pall Mall }}</ref>  The parliament, in session since April 29, 1463, closes.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 27]] &ndash; Nobility in the Castilian city of [[Plasencia]] declare that they will consider King Enrique IV deposed, four months after the ''[[Liga Nobiliaria]]'' had issued an ultimatum to the King.<ref name=Soria/>
* [[May 14]] &ndash; The [[1465 Moroccan revolt|Moroccan Revolt]] in [[Fes|Fez]] ousts the Maranid rulers, and leads to the killing of many Jews.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stillman |first1=Norman A. |title=The Jews of Arab Lands |date=1979 |publisher=Jewish Publication Society |isbn=978-0-8276-1155-9 |page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC |access-date=30 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=García-Arenal |first1=Mercedes |title=The revolution of Fās in 869/1465 and the death of Sultan 'Abd al-ḥaqq al-Marīnī |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |date=1 January 1978 |volume=41 |pages=43–76 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00057773 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1382306}}</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of Edward IV of England, is crowned in a lavish ceremony at Westminster Abbey. 
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The [[Farce of Ávila]] takes place in the [[Kingdom of Castile]] in Spain as noblemen in [[Ávila]] declare that [[Henry IV of Castile|King Enrique IV]] is deposed and that they will only recognize his half-brother, [[Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)|Alfonso, Prince of Asturias]], as their monarch.<ref name=Soria>{{Citation|author=Enrique Soria|year=2008|title="Farsa de Ávila: los nobles contra el rey de Castilla"|trans-title=Farce of Avila: The nobles against the king of Castille|work=[[Historia National Geographic]]|volume=49|issn=1696-7755|pages=20–23|language=es}}</ref> King Enrique, who was the subject of a similar deposition in Plasencia on April 27, continues his reign of the rest of the kingdom from [[Madrid]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 13]] &ndash; Henry of Lancaster, the former King [[Henry VI of England]] is captured at Waddington Hall in Lancashire, by Yorkist forces.<ref>David Cohen, [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Battles_of_the_Wars_of_the_Roses/9xWyEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Henry+VI%22+%2213+July+1465%22&pg=PT139&printsec=frontcover Battles of the Wars of the Roses] (Pen & Sword Books, 2023)</ref> Henry and his aide, Sir Richard Tunstall, had been staying as the guest of Sir [[Richard Tempest]] when his brother. Richard's brother, John Tempest attempts to arrest Henry, but Tunstall and Henry flee to the [[Clitheroe]] forest and are captured by the [[River Ribble]].
* [[July 16]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Montlhéry]], troops of King [[Louis XI]] fight inconclusively against an army of great nobles, organized as the [[League of the Public Weal]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Christina J. Moose|title=Great Events from History: The Renaissance & early modern era, 1454-1600|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKXxAAAAMAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Salem Press|isbn=978-1-58765-215-8|page=58}}</ref>
* [[July 24]] &ndash; Henry of Lancaster, the former King Henry VI of England, is imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]] by order of King Edward IV. His [[queen consort]] [[Margaret of Anjou]] and [[Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales]], have fled to France.<ref>Lauren Johnson, ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Shadow_King/G6WSDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Henry+VI%22+%2213+July+1465%22&pg=RA6-PA8&printsec=frontcover The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI]'' (Pegasus Books, 2019)</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Medieval History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbFmAAAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Headstart History|page=79}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; In Sweden,  [[Kettil Karlsson Vasa]], Bishop of Linköping, is succeeded as Regent by Archbishop [[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]].
* [[September 7]] &ndash; With the approval by the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III, the Bohemian captain Hinko Tannfeld to plunder the Hungarian town of [[Sopron]].
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Pope Matthew II of Alexandria]], leader of the Coptic Christian Church, dies after a reign of 13 years. The Coptic papacy will remain vacant for five months until the election of Gabriel VI as the new Pope.
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand I of Naples|King Ferrante of Naples]] creates the award [[Order of the Ermine (Naples)|Order of the Ermine]] (''L’Ordre de l’Hermine'')
* [[September 30]] &ndash; In what is now the state of [[Rajasthan]] in northwest [[India]], Prince [[Rao Bika]] departs from [[Jodhpur]] with 600 soldiers to conquer the territory of [[Jangladesh]].<ref>Manoshi Bhattacharya, ''The Royal Rajputs: Strange Tales and Stranger Truths'' (Rupa Publications, 2008) p.263 ISBN 978812911272</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Conflans]] is signed between King Louis XI of France and the Count of Charolais.<ref name="Gillespie26"/>
* [[October 20]] &ndash; Near Sint-Truiden in what is now [[Belgium]], [[Charles the Bold]], son of the Duke of Burgundy leads his troops to victory over the rebellious province of Liege at the [[Battle of Montenaken]], and 1,200 of the rebels are killed.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Artillery of the Dukes of Burgundy, 1363-1477 |last=Smith |first= Robert|author2=Kelly DeVries |year=2005 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |isbn=1-84383-162-7 |pages=150–151}}</ref>
* [[October 29]] &ndash; The [[Saint-Maur Abbey#Middle Ages| treaty of Saint-Maur]] is signed between King Louis XI of France and the nobles of the League of the Public Weal (''Ligue du bien public''), ending the [[War of the Public Weal]].<ref name="Gillespie26">Alexander Gillespie, ''The Causes of War: Volume III: 1400 CE to 1650 CE'', (Hart Publishing, 2017), p.26</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; The Archbishop of Tours, [[:fr:Jean Bernard (archevêque)|Jean Bernard]], excommunicates Bishop Jean de Beauvau of Angers for insubordination.
* [[November 26]] &ndash; In [[Bohemia]], Count [[Jaroslav Lev of Rožmitál]] departs from [[Prague]] along with 40 other Bohemian lords as part of King George's project of Establishment of Peace throughout Christendom.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jaroslav Lev z Rožmitálu |url=http://www.mzv.cz/jnp/cz/o_ministerstvu/organizacni_struktura/ministr/ministri_a_ministerstvo_v_historii/jaroslav_lev_z_rozmitalu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722020536/http://www.mzv.cz/jnp/cz/o_ministerstvu/organizacni_struktura/ministr/ministri_a_ministerstvo_v_historii/jaroslav_lev_z_rozmitalu.html |archive-date=2009-07-22 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky}}</ref>
* [[December 22]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Saint-Trond]] is signed to end the war between the [[Burgundian Netherlands]] (ruled by Philip the Good) and the [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]], ending the [[Wars of Liège|First Liège War]], which had started four months earlier. Liège is allowed to keep its sovereignty at the cost of paying for the Burgundian war expenses and designating Charles the Bold, son of the Duke Philip, as heir to the rule of the area.<ref>Alain Marchandise, Irène Vrancken-Pirson and Jean-Louis Kupper, "La destruction de la ville de Liège (1468) et sa reconstruction", in ''Destruction et reconstruction de villes, du moyen age à nos jours'' (Brussels, 1999), pp. 72-73.</ref>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; The Treaty of Caen is signed between King Louis XI of France and Francis II, Duke of Brittany.<ref name="Gillespie26" />

=== Date unknown ===
* Massive flooding in central and southern [[Ming dynasty|China]] motivates the initial construction of hundreds of new bridges.
* The main altar of [[St Martin's Church, Colmar]] is finished by painter [[Caspar Isenmann]].</onlyinclude>
* The [[Kazakh Khanate]] is founded by [[Kerei Khan]] and [[Janibek Khan]].

== Births ==
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief]], Scottish clan chief (d. [[1523]])
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Frans van Brederode]], Dutch rebel (d. [[1490]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Scipione del Ferro]], Italian mathematician (d. [[1526]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Tucker McElroy|title=A to Z of Mathematicians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiZIWtX9AJUC&pg=PA93|date=14 May 2014|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0921-3|pages=93}}</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Kunigunde of Austria]], Archduchess of Austria (d. [[1520]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Mercurino Gattinara]], Italian statesman and jurist (d. [[1530]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Isabella del Balzo]], queen consort of Naples (d. [[1533]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Ichijō Fuyuyoshi]], Japanese court noble (d. [[1514]])
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Philibert I, Duke of Savoy]] (d. [[1482]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Bernardo Accolti]], Italian poet (d. [[1536]])
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Konrad Peutinger]], German humanist and antiquarian (d. [[1547]])
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Ashikaga Yoshihisa]], Japanese shōgun (d. [[1489]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Şehzade Ahmet]], oldest son of [[Sultan]] [[Bayezid II]] (d. [[1513]])
** [[Hector Boece]], Scottish historian (d. [[1536]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Boece [Boethius], Hector (c. 1465–1536), historian and college head |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-2760 |year=2004 |access-date=21 January 2021 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/2760}}</ref>
** [[William Cornysh]], English composer (d. [[1523]])
** [[George Neville, Duke of Bedford]], English nobleman (d. [[1483]])
** [[Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar]], Spanish conquistador (d. [[1524]])
* ''probable''
** [[Gil Vicente]], Portuguese poet and playwright
** [[Francisco Álvares]], Portuguese missionary and explorer (d. [[1541]]))
** [[Mette Dyre]], Danish noblewoman, nominal sheriff and chancellor
** [[Johann Tetzel]], German Dominican priest (d. [[1519]])<ref name="Hillerbrand1996">{{cite book|author=Hans Joachim Hillerbrand|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBMRAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-506493-3|page=149}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Charles, Duke of Orléans]], French poet (b. [[1394]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BY9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA852|year=1890|publisher=H.G. Allen|pages=852}}</ref>
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Thomas Beckington]], English statesman and prelate
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Louis, Duke of Savoy]] (b. [[1413]])
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Clermont]], queen consort of Naples (b. c. [[1424]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Jacob of Juterbogk]], German theologian (b. c. [[1381]])
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Thomas Palaiologos]], claimant to Byzantine throne (b. [[1409]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Donald M. Nicol|title=The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC&pg=PA211|date=30 August 1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26190-6|pages=211}}</ref>
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)|Kettil Karlsson]], regent of Sweden and Bishop of Linköping (plague; b. [[1433]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Abd al-Haqq II]], last Marinid Sultan of Morocco (b.[[1419]])
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Bourbon]], countess consort of Charolais, spouse of [[Charles the Bold]] (b. c. [[1434]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Malatesta Novello]], Italian condottiero (b. [[1418]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[John Hardyng]], English chronicler (b. [[1378]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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