View source for 1484

{{About year|1484}}
[[File:Великий колокол Дхаммазеди.jpg|250px|thumb|[[February 5]]: The [[Great Bell of Dhammazedi]], the largest ever, is created in Myanmar.]]
[[File:Portuguese discoveries diogo cao.jpg|250px|thumb|[[July 6]]: Portuguese explorer [[Diogo Cão]] reaches the mouth of the [[Congo River]].]]
{{Year nav|1484}}
{{C15 year in topic}}Year '''1484''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCDLXXXIV]]''') was a [[leap year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]], the 1484th year of the [[Common Era]] (CE) and [[Anno Domini]] (AD) designations, the 484th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th year of the [[15th century]], and the 5th year of the [[1480s]] decade.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 15]] &ndash; In [[France]], the [[Louis XII#Estates General of 1484|Estates General]], a consultative assembly of 855 delegates (285 apiece) representing the three economic classes — the First Estate ([[clergy]]), Second Estate ([[nobility]]) and— for the first time, the Third Estate ([[commoners]], including [[peasants]]) is convened for the first time since [[1468]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Baumgartner |first=Frederic J. |title=Louis XII |url=https://archive.org/details/louisxii0000baum|location=New York |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |year=1996|page=22|isbn=0312120729 }}</ref> The convening of the [[:fr:États généraux de 1484|Estates General of 1484]] at [[Tours]] has been ordered by [[Anne of France]], the mother of and regent for the 13-year-old [[Charles VIII of France|King Charles VIII]] since the death of [[Louis XI of France|King Louis XI]], with the goal of designating the regent during Charles's minority. Although King Louis had designated Anne and her husband, Pierre de Beaujeu, to serve as regents, [[Louis XII|Louis, Duke of Orleans]], the second cousin of the late King, seeks approval from the Estates General for the regency. The session of the Estates General becomes a call for reform of the laws of France.
* [[January 23]] &ndash; King Richard III of England assembles his first, and only [[English Parliament|Parliament]], opening a 29-day session.
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[Great Bell of Dhammazedi]], at 293.4 metric tons (323 U.S. tons) the largest [[bell]] ever created, is [[casting|cast]] from bronze at [[Dagon Township|Dagon]] in the [[Hanthawaddy kingdom]] (now [[Yangon]] in [[Myanmar]]) by order of King [[Dhammazedi]]. The casting comes despite advice from the royal astrologer that the date is inappropriate, and the bell is noted for its unpleasant tone.<ref name=Blag>{{cite web|author=Blagovest Russian Church Bells|url=http://www.blagovestbells.com/interest/biggest.html|title=The World’s Three Largest Bells|publisher=Russian Church Bells|access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref> The bell will be stolen from the Shwedagon Pagoda in [[1608]] by [[Arakan]] mercenaries commanded by the Portuguese warlord [[Filipe de Brito e Nicote]], but skin, into the Bago and Yangon Rivers while itis being transported on de Brito's ship.<ref>{{cite web|year= 2007|url=http://www.myanmars.net/myanmar-museum/largest-underwater-bell.htm|title= Myanmar's Largest Bell Underwater|publisher= Myanmar's NET|location= Yangon, Myanmar|access-date=22 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413165948/http://www.myanmars.net/myanmar-museum/largest-underwater-bell.htm|archive-date = 13 April 2010}}</ref>
* [[February 9]] &ndash; At the [[:fr:États généraux de 1484|Estates General]], the nobleman [[Philippe Pot]], representative of the Second Estate, delivers a famous speech calling upon reforms in the structure of government of France.<ref>Jehan Masselin, ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_R7FBAAAAYAAJ/page/141/mode/2up Journal des États généraux de France tenus à Tours en 1484 sous le règne de Charles VIII]'' (Journal of the Estates General held at Tours in 1484 during the reign of Charles VIII (Paris: A. Bernier, 1835) p. 141</ref> His speech is successful in persuading the Estates to endorse the continuing regency of Anne and Pierre Beaujeu, but also leads to numerous recommendations for reform and alarms the royal government. 
* [[February 20]] &ndash; At the close of the English Parliament session, King Richard III gives [[royal assent]] to [[Titulus Regius]] ("under which title all the reasons to prove the King [Richard III] to be the true and undoubted heir to the crown, are set forth at larg... and ratified, and his brother [Edward IV]'s children [Edward V and Richard, Duke of York] made bastards," retroactive to January 23.<ref>John A. Wagner, "Titulus Regius", ''Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses'', ABC-CLIO, 2001, pp.268–270</ref> 
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Pope John XIII of Alexandria]] begins a reign of 40 years as the partiarch of the Coptic Christian Church, filling a vacancy of five months since the death of Pope John XII.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Coptic Encyclopedia |title-link=Coptic Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |others=Provided by [[Claremont Graduate University]] |year=1991 |editor-last=Atiya |editor-first=Aziz S. |editor-link=Aziz Suryal Atiya |volume=4 |location=[[New York City]] |chapter=John XIII |chapter-url=https://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/digital/collection/cce/id/1107/rec/1}}</ref>
* [[February 24]] &ndash; King [[James III of Scotland]] gives royal assent to numerous acts passed by the [[Scottish Parliament]], including the Defence of the Realm Act 1483 (summoning the members of the nobility to come defend Scotland); the Duke of Albany Act, an arrest warrant for all person who made treasonable assistance to the King's rebellious brother, Alexander, Duke of Albany; and the two Barratry Acts, prohibiting "the having of mone furth of the Realme" (the exportation of money out of the realm) to the Court of Rome.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Acta Parliamentorum Regis Jacobi Tertii |title=An Abridgement of the Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4H5hAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA2-PA10 |first=William |last=Alexander |publisher=Adam and Charles Black |location=Edinburgh |date=1841 |page=445 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
* [[March 22]] &ndash; The kingdoms of France and Scotland renew the [[Auld Alliance]], with the [[Bernard Stewart, 3rd Lord of Aubigny|Lord of Aubigny]] signing on behalf of France.<ref>[[Norman Macdougall]], ''An Antidote to the English: The Auld Alliance, 1295–1560''  (2001) {{ISBN|1-86232-145-0}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[William Caxton]], the first [[Printer (publishing)|printer]] of books in [[English language|English]], prints his translation of ''[[Aesop's Fables]]'' in London.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmoaAAAAMAAJ&q=aesop%2527s+fables+march+1484 |title=William Caxton: a biography |last=Painter |first=George Duncan |publisher=Putnam |year=1977 |isbn=978-0399118883 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Muhammad Shah Mir]] becomes the new [[List of monarchs of Kashmir|Sultan of Kashmir]] in [[India]], succeeding Hasan Khan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Marc Aurel |year=1979 |title=Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImBDAAAAYAAJ |volume=1 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |orig-year=1900 |chapter=Chronological and Dynastic Tables of Kalhana's Record of Kasmir Kings |isbn=978-81-208-0368-8}}</ref>
* [[May 11]] &ndash; The Kingdom of Hungary defeats the army of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] at the [[Battle of Leitzersdorf]].<ref>Gyula Rázsó, ''Die Feldzüge des Königs Matthias Corvinus in Niederösterreich 1477–1490'' (''The Campaigns of King Matthias Corvinus in Lower Austria 1477–1490''), Militärhistorische Schriftenreihe (Military History Series), Volume 24) (Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1982) ISBN 3-215-01666-4</ref>
* [[May 30]] &ndash; The coronation of the 13-year-old son of the late Louis XI, [[Charles VIII of France|Charles the Affable]], as King of France takes place at [[Reims]].
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[John III of Navarre|Joanes III]] is proclaimed by his fiancee, [[Catherine of Navarre|Queen Katalina]], to be her co-ruler of the Kingdom of [[Navarre]] at [[Pamplona]], now part of the Basque region of Spain.<ref>{{cite book|last=Woodacre|first=Elena|title=The Queens Regnant of Navarre; Succession, Politics and Partnership|date=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York}}</ref>
* [[June 22]] &ndash; The first known book printed by a woman, [[Anna Rügerin]], is an edition of [[Eike of Repgow]]'s compendium of customary law, the ''[[Sachsenspiegel]]'', produced in [[Augsburg]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 6]] &ndash; Portuguese sea captain [[Diogo Cão]] finds the mouth of the [[Congo River]].
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lochmaben Fair]]: A 500-man raiding party led by [[Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany]], and [[James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas]], is defeated by forces loyal to Albany's brother [[James III of Scotland]]; Douglas is captured.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The Treaty of Bagnolo is signed, ending the [[War of Ferrara (1482–1484)|War of Ferrara]] fought in Italy between the [[Republic of Venice]] and the [[Duchy of Ferrara]] after two years. Ferrara loses most of its territories which Venice had conquered north of the River Po, while Ferrara's Duke [[Ercole I d'Este]] regains his territories in [[Ariano nel Polesine]], [[Corbola]], [[Adria]], [[Melara]], [[Castelnovo Bariano]] and [[Ficarolo]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=Bernardino|last= Corio]]|title=Storia di Milano|trans-title=History of Milan|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=v5sBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=1856|publisher=Francesco Colombo|location=Milan|volume=2|pages=405–407|ISBN=LO10619498}}</ref> 
* [[August 29]] &ndash; Giovanni Battista Cybo, Bishop of [[Santa Cecilia in Trastevere]], is elected to succeed the late [[Pope Sixtus IV]] (who died on August 12) as the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, and takes the regnal name of [[Pope Innocent VIII]] as, the 213th pope.<ref>Francis A. Burkle-Young, 1998. "[https://cardinals.fiu.edu/election-innocentviii.htm The election of Pope Innocent VIII (1484)]".</ref>
* [[September 21]] &ndash; Treaty of Nottingham: A three-year truce between the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] is signed.

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 31]] &ndash; The "[[Đại Việt–Lan Xang War (1479–1484)|White Elephant War]]", which had started in [[1479]] with the invasion of the Kingdom of [[Lan Xang]] (now [[Laos]]) by the [[Đại Việt|Dai Viet Empire]] (now northern [[Vietnam]]) with the Vietnamese withdrawing their troops and failing to conquer the Laotians.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sun|first=Laichen|date=2009|title=Chinese-style Firearems in Dai Viet (Vietnam) The Archeological Evidence|journal=Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series|volume=11|pages=22–23}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Louis XII|Louis, Duke of Orleans]] a contender for the French throne, signs a treaty with [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany|François II]], [[List of rulers of Brittany|Duke of Brittany]], with an agreement for the marriage of the Duke's 7-year-old daughter, [[Anne of Brittany]] to Louis, with a goal of Louis having control of Brittany and of France. The proposed marriage, however, is contingent upon the annulment of Louis' existing marriage to [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry]].<ref>Terry Breverton, ''Japser Tudor: Dynasty Maker'' (Amberley Publishing, 2014)</ref>
* [[December 5]] &ndash; Pope Innocent VIII issues the [[Papal bull]] ''[[Summis desiderantes affectibus]]'', giving the [[Inquisition]] a mission to hunt [[heresy|heretics]] and [[witch-hunt|witches]] in Germany, led by [[Heinrich Kramer]] and [[Jacob Sprenger]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The first [[sugar]] mill becomes operational in the [[Gran Canaria]].
* The first [[cuirassier]] units ({{Lang|de|kyrissers}}) are formed in Austria.
* The King of Portugal appoints a commission of mathematicians to perfect tables, to help seamen find their [[latitude]].
* [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I, Duke of Burgundy]], orders foreign merchants to leave [[Bruges]]. Most merchants move to [[Antwerp]], greatly contributing to its growth as an international trading center.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:Ulrich-Zwingli-1.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Huldrych Zwingli]]]]
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Huldrych Zwingli]], Swiss religious reformer (d. [[1531]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Edward J. Furcha|author2=McGill University. Faculty of Religious Studies|title=Huldrych Zwingli, 1484-1531: A Legacy of Radical Reform : Papers from the 1984 International Zwingli Symposium, McGill University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wksXAAAAIAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University|isbn=978-0-7717-0124-5|page=viii}}</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[George Spalatin]], German religious reformer (d. [[1545]])
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg]] (1499–1535) (d. [[1535]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]] (d. [[1543]])
* [[April 12]]
** [[Rana Sanga|Maharana Sangram Singh]], Rana of Mewar (d. [[1528]])
** [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]], Italian architect (d. [[1546]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Julius Caesar Scaliger]], Italian humanist scholar (d. [[1558]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Bartholomeus V. Welser]], German banker (d. [[1561]])
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Ottaviano de' Medici]], Italian politician (d. [[1546]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Joachim Vadian]], Swiss humanist and reformer (d. [[1551]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Paul Speratus]], German Lutheran (d. [[1551]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Hosokawa Takakuni]], Japanese military commander (d. [[1531]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Luisa de Medrano]], Spanish scholar  (d. [[1527]])
*''date unknown &ndash;'' [[Purandara Dasa]], Indian composer and saint (d. [[1564]])

== Deaths ==
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Saint Casimir]], Prince of Poland (b. [[1458]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Rosemary Guiley|title=The Encyclopedia of Saints|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABkgU0GOBbcC&pg=PA62|year=2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-3026-2|pages=62}}</ref>
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony]] (b. [[1443]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales]] (b. c. 1473)<ref>{{cite book|author=David Williamson|title=The National Portrait Gallery History of the Kings and Queens of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilavaQqRjqsC|year=2003|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=978-0-7607-4678-3|page=57}}</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Adalbert of Saxony]], Administrator of Mainz (1482–1484) (b. [[1467]])
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Mino da Fiesole]], Italian sculptor (b. c. [[1429]])
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua]] (1478–1484) (b. [[1441]])
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Pope Sixtus IV]] (b. [[1414]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Sixtus IV {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sixtus-IV |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=3 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Ippolita Maria Sforza]], Italian noble (b. [[1446]])
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex]] (b. [[1409]])
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Premislav of Tost]], Silesian ruler (b. [[1425]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness]] (b. [[1410]])
** [[Luigi Pulci]], Italian poet (b. [[1432]])
** [[Barbara von Ottenheim]], German sculpture model (b. [[1430]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1484}}
[[Category:1484| ]]