View source for 1676

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Year dab|1676}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2017}}
{{Year nav|1676}}
[[File:Howard Pyle - The Burning of Jamestown.jpg|thumb|200px|[[September 19]]: Virginian rebels commanded by [[Nathaniel Bacon (Virginia colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]] burn down [[Jamestown, Virginia]] during war against British governor.]]
{{C17 year in topic}}
[[File:Slaghalm1676.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[August 17]]: Sweden defeats Denmark-Norway in [[Battle of Halmstad]].]]
{{Year article header|1676}}

== Events ==
[[File:Charles XI, Battle of Lund.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[December 4]]: [[Battle of Lund]]]]
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Feodor III of Russia|Feodor III]] becomes [[Tsar]] of Russia.
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala]], the oldest institution of [[higher education]] in [[Central America]], is founded.<ref>Procedure 373 of the Guatemalan Real Audiencia in the General Archive of Indias.</ref>
* [[January]] &ndash; Six months into [[King Philip's War]], [[Metacomet]] (King Philip), leader of the [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] tribe known as the [[Wampanoag people|Wampanoag]], travels westward to the [[Mohawk nation]], seeking an alliance with the Mohawks against the [[Colonial history of the United States|English colonists]] of [[New England]]; his efforts in creating such an alliance are a failure.
* [[February 10]] &ndash; After the [[Nipmuc]] tribe attacks [[Lancaster, Massachusetts]], colonist [[Mary Rowlandson]] is taken captive, and lives with the Indians until [[May]].
* [[February 14]] &ndash; Metacomet and his Wampanoags attack [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]; meanwhile, the Massachusetts Council debates whether a wall should be erected around [[Boston]].
* [[February 23]] &ndash; While the Massachusetts Council debates how to handle the Christian Indians they had exiled to [[Deer Island (Massachusetts)|Deer Island]] on [[October 13]], [[1675]], a coalition of Indians led by Metacomet attacks colonial settlements just {{convert|16|km|mi|abbr=on}} outside of Boston.
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Providence, Rhode Island]] is attacked and destroyed by Native Americans.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; Chief [[Canonchet]] of the [[Narragansett people]] is captured by mercenaries of the Pequot, Mohegan and Niantic nations who have been hired by English settlers. He is offered a chance to live if he makes peace with the English, refuses, and is executed the next day in [[Stonington, Connecticut]]. 
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Richard Raynsford]] becomes the new [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales]].
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Sudbury Fight]]: The village of [[Sudbury, Massachusetts]] is attacked by Metacom's [[Wampanoag]] Confederation as one of the last major battles of [[King Phillip's War]]. Captain Samuel Wadworth and 28 of his men are killed in the defense of the town.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Augusta]] is fought in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] off of the coast of [[Sicily]] during the [[Franco-Dutch War]]. The French Navy and the combined Dutch Republic and Spanish forces each lose over 500 men. 
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Mary Rowlandson]] is ransomed from captivity by Native Americans by a subscription raised by women of Boston.
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Battle of Turner's Falls|Peskeomskut Massacre: Battle of Turner's Falls]] – Captain William Turner leads a raid at first light on an encampment consisting mainly of women and children. An estimated 300-400 lives are taken in less than half an hour, first from gunshot directly into the sleeping tents, then by sword and by drowning as the victims try to flee. This incident happens on the west bank of the Connecticut River, just above the falls known as Turner's Falls in Gill, Massachusetts.
* [[May 26]] &ndash; A fire destroys the town hall and 624 houses in [[Southwark]], London.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Fires, Great|title=The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance|editor=Walford, Cornelius|publisher=C. & E. Layton|year=1876|page=43}}</ref>
* [[May 31]] &ndash; The Massachusetts Council finally decides to move the Christian Indians from Deer Island to [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] (approximate date).
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Scanian War]]: [[Battle of Öland]] – A combined fleet of the [[Dutch Republic]] and [[Denmark–Norway]] decisively defeats the [[Swedish Navy]], which loses its [[flagship]] ''[[Kronan (ship)|Kronan]]''.
* [[June 12]] &ndash; The Indian coalition attacks Hadley, Massachusetts, but are repelled by [[Connecticut]] troops.
* [[June 19]] &ndash; Massachusetts issues a declaration of [[amnesty]] to any Indian who surrenders.
* [[June]] &ndash; [[Bacon's Rebellion]] begins in the [[Virginia Colony]]. On [[July 30]], [[Nathaniel Bacon (Virginia colonist and rebel)|Nathaniel Bacon]] and his followers issue the [[Declaration of the People of Virginia]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; Major John Talcott and his troops begin sweeping [[Connecticut]] and [[Rhode Island]], capturing large numbers of Native Americans from [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] tribes and exporting them out of the [[Thirteen Colonies|English colonies]] as slaves.
* [[July 4]] &ndash; Captain [[Benjamin Church (ranger)|Benjamin Church]] and his soldiers begin sweeping [[Plymouth Colony]], for any remaining Wampanoag tribesmen.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; The Wampanoags attack [[Taunton, Massachusetts]], but are repelled by colonists.
* [[July 17]] &ndash; In France, [[Madame de Brinvilliers]] is executed for poisoning her father and brothers. The case also scares King [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] into starting a series of investigations about possible poisonings and [[witchcraft]] (later called the ''[[Affair of the Poisons]]'').
* [[July 27]] &ndash; Nearly 200 [[Nipmuc]] tribesmen surrender to the English colonists in [[Boston]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]] colonist [[Nathaniel Bacon (Virginia colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]] and his makeshift army issue a [[Declaration of the People of Virginia]], instigating [[Bacon's Rebellion]] against the rule of Governor [[William Berkeley (governor)|William Berkeley]].
* [[August 2]] &ndash; Captain Benjamin Church captures Metacomet's wife and son.
* [[August 12]] &ndash; King Philip ([[Metacomet]]), chief of the [[Wampanoags]] that had waged a war throughout southern [[New England]] that bore his name, is killed by an Indian named Alderman, a soldier led by Captain Benjamin Church.
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Halmstad]] (fought at Fyllebro): Sweden gains a decisive victory over [[Denmark–Norway]].
* [[August 28]] &ndash; The [[Irish Donation of 1676]] is shipped from [[Dublin]], to relieve [[Boston]] in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]]. 
* [[September 19]]
** The [[Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)]] begins, with Russo-Ukrainian troops forcing pro-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] ''[[Hetman]]'' [[Ivan Samoylovych]] to surrender [[Chyhyryn]]. 
** [[Bacon's Rebellion]]: [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] is burned to the ground by the forces of [[Nathaniel Bacon (colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]].
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Pope Innocent XI]] succeeds [[Pope Clement X]], as the 240th [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gegodog]]: [[Trunajaya]] defeats the [[Mataram Sultanate]].
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Żurawno]] is signed, between the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman (Turkish) Empire]] and [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
* [[November 16]] &ndash; A prison is founded on [[Nantucket Island]], in the English colony of [[Massachusetts]].
* [[November 27]] &ndash; A fire in [[Boston]], Massachusetts, is accidentally set by a careless and sleepy apprentice, who drops a lighted candle, or leaves it too near some combustible substance; this is the largest fire known at this time in the district. The Rev. [[Increase Mather]]’s church, dwelling and a portion of his personal library are destroyed.<ref>{{cite book|title=A General History of New England, from the discovery to MDCLXXX|first=William|last=Hubbard|author-link=William Hubbard (clergyman)|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown|year=1848}}</ref>
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[Scanian War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lund]]: [[Sweden]] defeats the forces of Denmark.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Ole Rømer]] makes the first quantitative measurements of the [[speed of light]].
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Sands baronets]] created in the [[List of extant baronetcies|Baronetage of Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Leigh Rayment's list of baronets |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage.htm  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021184256/http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage.htm |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* Emperor [[Yohannes I]] of [[Ethiopia]] decrees that Muslims must live separately from Christians throughout his realm.
* [[Anton van Leeuwenhoek]] discovers [[microorganism]]s.
* An ''[[Diet of Finland#Åbo Lantdag|Åbo Lantdag]]'' (assembly) meets in [[Turku]], [[Finland]].
* The [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]] founds its principal Indian base at [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], on the [[Coromandel Coast]].
* The first [[coffeehouse]] in North America opens in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://masstraveljournal.com/page/quick-facts/americas-first-coffeehouse|title=America's First Coffeehouse|website=Massachusetts Travel Journal|access-date=2010-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927210021/http://masstraveljournal.com/page/quick-facts/americas-first-coffeehouse|archive-date=2010-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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== Births ==
[[File:Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford by Arthur Pond.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Robert Walpole]]]]
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Thomas Boston]], Scottish church leader (d. [[1732]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Francis II Rákóczi]], Hungarian rebel against the [[Habsburgs]] (d. [[1735]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; King [[Frederick I of Sweden]] (d. [[1751]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Maria Clara Eimmart]], German astronomer, engraver and designer (d. [[1707]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Jacopo Riccati]], Italian mathematician (d. [[1754]])
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Louise de Maisonblanche]], illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France (d. [[1718]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Anthony Collins (philosopher)|Anthony Collins]], English philosopher (d. [[1729]])
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]], Prussian field marshal (d. [[1747]])
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Caspar Abel]], German theologian, historian, poet (d. [[1763]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Robert Walpole]], first [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1745]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford {{!}} prime minister of Great Britain |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=1 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans]], duchess and regent of Lorraine (d. [[1744]])
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg]] (d. [[1733]])
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro]], Spanish scholar (d. [[1764]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes]], Portuguese diplomat (d. [[1733]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon]], duchess of Maine, daughter in law of Louis XIV (d.[[1753]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Alexander Selkirk]], Scottish sailor (d. [[1721]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:John Clarke picture.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[John Clarke (Baptist minister)|John Clarke]]]]
[[File:Bol, Michiel de Ruyter.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Michiel de Ruyter]]]]
[[File:Portrait of Sir Matthew Hale Kt.jpg|110px|thumbnail|right|[[Matthew Hale (jurist)|Matthew Hale]]]]
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Marco Faustini]], Italian opera manager (b. [[1606]])
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Isaac Commelin]], Dutch historian (b. [[1598]])
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Francesco Cavalli]], Italian composer (b. [[1602]])
* [[January 16]] &ndash; [[Georg Arnold]], Austrian musician (b. [[1621]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; Tsar [[Alexis of Russia]] (b. [[1629]])
* [[February 3]] &ndash; [[François Chauveau]], French painter (b. [[1613]])
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Abraham Bosse]], French engraver and artist (b. c. [[1604]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Hugh Forth]], English politician (b. [[1610]])
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Juan de Almoguera]], Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1673–1676) and Bishop of Arequipa (1659–1673) (b. [[1605]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Henri Sauval]], French historian (b. [[1623]])
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford]] (b. [[1590]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Paul Würtz]], Swedish general (b. [[1612]])
* [[March 27]] &ndash; [[Bernardino de Rebolledo]], Spanish poet, soldier and diplomat (b. [[1597]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[John Winthrop the Younger]], Governor of Connecticut (b. [[1606]])
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Claudia Felicitas of Austria]], Holy Roman Empress (b. [[1653]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[John Clarke (Baptist minister)|John Clarke]], English physician (b. [[1609]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Michiel de Ruyter]], Dutch admiral (b. [[1607]])
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Richard Lloyd (Royalist)|Sir Richard Lloyd]], English politician (b. [[1606]])
* [[May 7]] &ndash; [[Henri Valois]], French historian (b. [[1603]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Johann Rahn]], Swiss mathematician (b. [[1622]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Thomas Rouse]], English politician (b. [[1608]])
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Karl Kaspar von der Leyen]], German Catholic archbishop (b. [[1618]])
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Paul Gerhardt]], German hymnist (b. [[1606]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]], wife of Ferdinand Maria (b. [[1636]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Nathaniel Dickinson (pioneer)|Nathaniel Dickinson]], American settler (b. [[1601]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Hendrik van der Borcht II]], German painter (b. [[1614]])
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Jesse Wharton (Maryland governor)|Jesse Wharton]] [[List of colonial governors of Maryland|colonial governor of Maryland]] 
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Carl Gustaf Wrangel]], Swedish soldier (b. [[1613]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Francis I Rákóczi]], Hungarian prince of Transylvania (b. [[1645]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg]], German poet composer and (by marriage) Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. [[1613]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement X]] (b. [[1590]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac]], French writer (b. [[1604]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Madame de Brinvilliers]], French murderer (b. [[1630]])
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen]], German writer (b. [[1621]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Nicolò Sagredo]], 105th Doge of Venice (b. [[1606]])
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg]], Duchess of Courland by marriage (1645–1676) (b. [[1617]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Lars Stigzelius]], Swedish Lutheran archbishop (b. [[1598]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[John Ogilby]], Scottish-born impresario and cartographer active in Dublin and London (b. [[1600]])
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve]], French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (b. [[1612]])
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Gerrard Winstanley]], English religious reformer (b. [[1609]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria]] (b. [[1616]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Sabbatai Zevi]], Montenegrin rabbi, kabbalist and founder of the Jewish [[Sabbatean]] movement (b. [[1626]])
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Anna Maria Antigó]], Spanish Catholic nun (b. [[1602]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Claudia Rusca]], Italian composer, singer, and organist (b. [[1593]])
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Richard Neville (soldier)|Richard Neville]], English soldier and MP (b. [[1615]])
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Sebastian Knüpfer]], German composer (b. [[1633]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Juan de Arellano]], Spanish artist (b. [[1614]])
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Simon de Vos]], Flemish painter (b. [[1603]])
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Nathaniel Bacon (colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]], Virginian colonist and instigator of Bacon's Rebellion (b. circa 1640s)
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Jean Desmarets]], French writer (b. [[1595]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Gisbertus Voetius]], Dutch theologian (b. [[1589]])
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Allart Pieter van Jongestall]], Dutch jurist, politician, and diplomat (b. [[1612]])
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Shang Kexi]], Chinese general (b. [[1604]])
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Roland Fréart de Chambray]], French writer (b. [[1606]])
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[William Morice (Secretary of State)|William Morice]], English politician (b. [[1602]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Edward Benlowes]], English poet (b. [[1603]])
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg]] and Count of Nassau-Schaumburg (1653–1676) (b. [[1629]])
* [[December 25]] 
** [[Matthew Hale (jurist)|Matthew Hale]], Lord Chief Justice of England (b. [[1609]])
** [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne]], English soldier, politician, writer (b. [[1592]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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