View source for 1709

{{Year dab|1709}}
{{Year nav|1709}}
[[File:Marten's Poltava.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[July 8]]: [[Great Northern War]]: Peter the Great drives Swedish forces out of Russia permanently in the decisive [[Battle of Poltava]]]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1709}} In the [[Swedish calendar]] it was a [[common year starting on Friday]], one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

== Events ==
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=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Battle of St. John's]]: The [[France|French]] capture [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], the capital of the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] [[colony of Newfoundland]].
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Western Europe's [[Great Frost of 1709]], the coldest period in 500 years, begins during the night, lasting three months, with its effects felt for the entire year.<ref name="newscientist">Pain, Stephanie. "[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126942.100-1709-the-year-that-europe-froze.html?full=true 1709: The year that Europe froze]." ''[[New Scientist]]'', 7 February 2009.</ref> In France, the Atlantic coast and [[Seine]] River freeze, crops fail, and 24,000 Parisians die. Floating ice enters the [[North Sea]].
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Abraham Darby I]] successfully produces [[cast iron]] using [[coke (fuel)|coke fuel]] at his [[Coalbrookdale]] [[blast furnace]] in [[Shropshire]], England.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mott|first=R. A.|title=The earliest use of coke for ironmaking|journal=The Gas World, Coking Section Supplement|volume=145|pages=7–18|date=5 January 1957}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Raistrick|title=Dynasty of Ironfounders: the Darbys and Coalbrookdale|location=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|year=1953|page=34}}</ref><ref name="Cassell's Chronology292">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/292 292]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/292}}</ref>
* [[February 1]] or [[February 2|2]] &ndash; During his first voyage, Captain [[Woodes Rogers]] encounters marooned privateer [[Alexander Selkirk]], and rescues him after four years living on one of the [[Juan Fernández Islands]], inspiring [[Daniel Defoe]]'s novel ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]''.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ober|first=Frederick A.|title=Our West Indian Neighbors: the Islands of the Caribbean Sea|location=New York|publisher=James Pott & Company|year=1912|page=11}}</ref> After sacking [[Guayaquil]], he and Selkirk will visit the [[Galápagos Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Michael H.|title=Galapagos: a Natural History|publisher=University of Calgary Press|year=1993|isbn=1-895176-07-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/galapagos00mich}}</ref>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Tokugawa Ienobu]] becomes the sixth ''[[shōgun]]'' of the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa dynasty]] of [[Japan]], after the death of the shōgun [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi|Tsunayoshi]], who had been head of government since 1680.
* [[February]] &ndash; In America, [[Mardi Gras]] is celebrated one more time with ''[[Mardi Gras in Mobile, Alabama|Masque de la Mobile]]'' in the capital of [[Louisiana (New France)|French Louisiana]], [[Mobile, Alabama]], before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43&nbsp;km) down the [[Mobile River]] to [[Mobile Bay]] in [[1711]].
* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Johann Friedrich Böttger]] reports the first production of [[hard-paste porcelain]] in Europe, at [[Dresden]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 13]] &ndash; The [[Raudot Ordinance of 1709]] becomes law in the French colony of [[New France]], legalizing slavery.
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Mirwais Hotak]] takes control of [[Kandahar]] (in Afghanistan) by murdering the [[Safavid dynasty|Persian]] governor, [[George XI of Kartli|Gurgin Khan]], known also as George XI.
* [[May 6]] &ndash; The first influx into Britain of poor [[refugee]] families of [[German Palatines]] from the [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhenish Palatinate]] arrives in England.<ref>John Tribbeko and George Ruperti, ''Lists of Germans from the Palatinate Who Came to England in 1709'' (Clearfield, 1965) p.5</ref>  Most of them are [[Protestants]] ''en route'' to the [[New World]] colonies.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Gardiner, Juliet|editor=Wenborn, Neil|title=The History Today Companion to British History|location=London|publisher=Collins & Brown|year=1995|isbn=1-85585-178-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/historytodaycomp0000unse/page/577 577]|url=https://archive.org/details/historytodaycomp0000unse/page/577}}</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Trịnh Cương]] becomes the new [[Trịnh lords|king of northern Vietnam]] ([[Đàng Ngoài]]) upon the death of his grandfather,  [[Trịnh Căn]], and begins a 20-year reign until his death on December 20, [[1729]]
* [[June 26]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Fort Albany (1709)|Battle of Fort Albany]], an attack by 100 French colonial volunteers and [[Plains Cree people|Cree]] natives on the British [[Hudson's Bay Company]] outpost at [[Fort Albany (Ontario)|Fort Albany]] on [[Hudson Bay]].  [[John Fullartine]], commander of the post, leads a successful defense of the fort and 18 of the attackers are killed and then retreat.   The site is now part of a [[Fort Albany First Nation|Cree First Nation]] reserve in the Canadian province of [[Ontario]].
* [[June 28]] &ndash; A [[Treaty of Dresden (1709)|treaty is signed in Dresden]] to re-establish an alliance between the Kingdoms of [[Denmark-Norway]] and the Electorate of Saxony, on behalf of King [[Frederik IV of Denmark-Norway]] and Saxony's King [[Augustus II the Strong|Augustus II]].

=== July&ndash;December ===
* [[July 8]] ([[June 27]] [[Old Style]]; June 28 in the [[Swedish calendar]]) &ndash; [[Great Northern War]]: [[Battle of Poltava]] in the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] ([[Ukraine]]) &ndash; [[Peter the Great]] leads forces of the [[Tsardom of Russia]] to a decisive victory over Swedish forces under [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]], ending the [[Swedish invasion of Russia]] and effectively ending [[Sweden]]'s role as a major power in Europe.
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Christopher Slaughterford]] of [[London]] is executed in [[Guildford]] for the murder of Jane Young, his fiancée. He is the first person in modern [[England]] executed for murder based exclusively on [[circumstantial evidence]], and he maintains his innocence to the last.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; Production of [[Eau de Cologne]] is begun by perfumier [[Johann Maria Farina]] in Germany, founding [[Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz]].
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Reinhard Keiser]]'s opera ''Desiderius, König der Langobarden'' is premiered in [[Hamburg]].<ref name="Griffel2018">{{cite book|first=Margaret Ross|last=Griffel|title=Operas in German: A Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-xEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA97|year=2018|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-4797-0|page=97}}</ref>
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Japan]]'s [[Emperor Higashiyama]] [[abdication|abdicates]] after a reign of 23 years that began in 1687, and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is enthroned as the [[Emperor Nakamikado]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: [[Tournai]] is captured by [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]] and [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology292"/>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[hot air balloon]] of [[Bartolomeu de Gusmão]] flies in Portugal.
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Pamheiba]] is crowned King of [[Manipur]].
* [[September 11]] (August 31 [[Old Style]]) &ndash; War of the Spanish Succession: [[Battle of Malplaquet]] &ndash; Troops of the [[Dutch Republic]], [[Habsburg monarchy]], the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] and the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], led by the Duke of Marlborough, drive the French from the field, but suffer twice as many casualties.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology292"/>
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[War of the Spanish Succession]]: The British army captures [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]].<ref name=CBH207208>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=207–208|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Chihuahua City]] in Mexico is founded.
* [[October 14]] – The Chinese region of [[Ningxia]] is shaken by a [[1709 Zhongwei earthquake|7.5 earthquake]] killing more than 2,000 people.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; From London, ten ships leave for the [[New York Colony]] carrying over 4,000 people.
* [[December 26]] &ndash; The first performance of the opera ''[[Agrippina (opera)|Agrippina]]'' by [[George Frideric Handel]] takes place at the [[Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo]] in [[Venice]].<ref>Dean, Winton; and [[J. Merrill Knapp]] (1995), ''Handel's Operas, 1704–1726'' (Revised edition). p. 128. Clarendon Press, Oxford. {{ISBN|0-19-816441-6}}.</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Herculaneum]], an ancient town in [[Ercolano]], [[Campania]], Italy and buried under volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in 79 AD, is discovered by accident when attempts to drill a well for a monastery encountered marble and other materials. 
* The first modern edition of [[William Shakespeare]]'s plays is published in [[London]], [[Shakespeare's editors|edited by]] [[Nicholas Rowe (writer)|Nicholas Rowe]].
* The first [[piano]] is exhibited in [[Florence]] by its inventor [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]], who names it "gravicembalo col piano e forte", a name which is subsequently shortened to "pianoforte" and then "piano".
* A collapsible [[umbrella]] is introduced in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of Umbrellas|url=http://www.oakthriftumbrellas.com/pages/umbrellas4.htm|publisher=Oakthrift Corporation|access-date=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902053708/http://www.oakthriftumbrellas.com/pages/umbrellas4.htm|archive-date=2013-09-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Trinity School (New York City)|Trinity School]] is founded as the [[charity school]] of [[Trinity Church (Manhattan)|Trinity Church]], in New York City.
* The second [[Eddystone Lighthouse]], erected off the south west coast of England by [[John Rudyard|John Rudyerd]], is completed.<ref>{{cite book|first=Fred|last=Majdalany|title=The Red Rocks of Eddystone|location=London|publisher=Longmans|year=1959|page=86}}</ref>
* ''De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione'' (''On the Study Methods of Our Times'') is published by [[Naples|Neapolitan]] philosopher [[Giambattista Vico]].
* Priceless medieval [[altarpiece]]s, created by Tyrolese sculptor [[Michael Pacher]], are destroyed.
* [[Basil Lazarus III]] becomes [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] [[Maphrian|Maphrian of the East]].<ref>{{cite book | last1 =Wilmshurst| first=David |date=2019|chapter=West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians|title=The Syriac World|publisher=Routledge|page=812|editor1=Daniel King}}</ref>
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== Births ==
 [[File:Teresia Constantia Phillips portrait.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Teresia Constantia Phillips]] born [[2 January]]]]
 [[File:ChristianGottliebLudwig.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Christian Gottlieb Ludwig]] born [[30 April]]]]
 [[File:Théodore Tronchin (1709-1781), médecin genevois, professeur à l'Académie.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Théodore Tronchin]] born [[24 May]]]]
 [[File:JJ Haid nach WD Majer - Johann Georg Gmelin (Schabkunst 1760).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Johann Georg Gmelin]] born [[8 August]]]]
<!-- [[File:Tokugawa_ietsugu.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Tokugawa Ietsugu]] born [[8 August]]]] -->
 [[File:Ludvig Harboe.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Ludvig Harboe]] born [[16 August]]]]
 [[File:Sir J E Wilmot.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[John Eardley Wilmot]] born [[16 August]]]]
 [[File:Maharana Jagat Singh II.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Jagat Singh II]] born [[17 September]]]]
 [[File:Samuel Johnson by Joshua Reynolds.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Samuel Johnson]] born [[18 September]]]]

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Teresia Constantia Phillips]], British autobiographer (d. [[1765]])
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Mollie Sneden]], operator of a ferry service at [[Palisades, New York]] in the United States (d. [[1810]])
* [[January 17]]
** [[Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini]], Italian cardinal (d. [[1782]])
** [[George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton]] (d. [[1773]])
** [[Margaret Rolle, 15th Baroness Clinton]] (d. [[1781]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Dom Bédos de Celles]], Benedictine monk and master pipe organ builder (d. [[1779]])
* [[February 7]] &ndash; [[Charles de Brosses]] French writer (d. [[1777]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon]], British politician (d. [[1780]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[William Courtenay, 1st Viscount Courtenay]] (d. [[1762]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg]], French physician (d. [[1779]])
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Henrika Juliana von Liewen]], Swedish political salonnière (d. [[1779]])
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Jacques de Vaucanson]], French inventor of mechanical automata (d. [[1782]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Timothy Woodbridge]] American missionary, [[deacon]], schoolteacher, judge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. [[1774]])
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland]] (d. [[1762]])
* [[March 10]]
** [[James Bentham]], English clergyman (d. [[1794]])
** [[Georg Wilhelm Steller]], German botanist (d. [[1746]])
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Sten Carl Bielke]], scientist and member of the Swedish parliament (d. [[1753]])
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Nicolò Arrighetti]], Italian professor of natural philosophy (d. [[1767]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Johannes Gessner]], Swiss mathematician (d. [[1790]])
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche]], French naval general, governor of Martinique, governor general of the Windward Islands (d. [[1781]])

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Josiah Taft]], farmer, local official, and Massachusetts legislator (d. [[1756]])
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Thomas Hopkinson]], lawyer (d. [[1751]])
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[William Stewart, 1st Earl of Blessington]] (d. [[1769]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Charles Collé]], French dramatist and songwriter (d. [[1783]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Domenico Maraldi]], Italian-born astronomer (d. [[1788]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Sir Francis Blake, 1st Baronet, of Twizell Castle]] (d. [[1780]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Christian Gottlieb Ludwig]], German physician and botanist born in Brieg (d. [[1773]])
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Joachim Wasserschlebe]], German-Danish diplomat (d. [[1787]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Mihály Salbeck]], doctor of philosophy, priest of the Society of Jesus, and teacher (d. [[1758]])
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Théodore Tronchin]], Genevan physician (d. [[1781]])
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Margaret Lloyd (Moravian)|Margaret Lloyd]], Welsh Moravian worker and activist (d. [[1762]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Tomás Sánchez (captain)|Tomás Sánchez]], veteran Spanish captain who founded Laredo (d. [[1796]])
* [[June 9]]
** [[Nathaniel Booth, 4th Baron Delamer]], English peer who served as Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1765 (d. [[1770]])
** [[Francis Towneley]], English Catholic and supporter of the exiled House of Stuart or Jacobite (d. [[1746]])
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Joachim Martin Falbe]], German portrait painter (d. [[1782]])
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Louis, Count of Clermont]] (d. [[1771]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Nathan Tupper]], farmer (d. [[1784]])

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Antonio Orgiazzi il Vecchio]], Italian painter active mainly in the Valselsia (d. [[1788]])
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Étienne de Silhouette]], French Ancien Régime Controller-General of Finances under Louis XV (d. [[1767]])
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[William Berners (property developer)|William Berners]], English property developer and slave owner (d. [[1783]])
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Johan Gottschalk Wallerius]], Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. [[1785]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Antoine Matthieu Le Carpentier]], French architect (d. [[1773]])
* [[July 17]]
** [[Giovanni Carlo Bandi]], Italian Cardinal who served as Bishop of Imola (d. [[1784]])
** [[Friedrich Christian Baumeister]], German philosopher (d. [[1785]])
** [[Giuseppe Antonio Luchi]], Italian painter (d. [[1774]])
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[James Harris (grammarian)|James Harris]], grammarian (d. [[1780]])
* [[August 8]]
** [[Hermann Anton Gelinek]], German monk and musician (d. [[1779]])
** [[Johann Georg Gmelin]], German naturalist (d. [[1755]])
** [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]], seventh ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa dynasty (d. [[1716]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan]], French man of letters and erudition (d. [[1784]])
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper]], British noble (d. [[1764]])
* [[August 16]]
** [[Ludvig Harboe]], Danish theologian and bishop (d. [[1783]])
** [[John Eardley Wilmot]], English judge, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1766–1771) (d. [[1792]])
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[John Storr]], officer of the Royal Navy (d. [[1783]])
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt]] (d. [[1788]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Guillaume Repin]], French priest and martyr (d. [[1794]])
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset]], French poet and dramatist (d. [[1777]])
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Frobenius Forster]], German Benedictine (d. [[1791]])
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Rudolf Füssli]], Swiss painter (d. [[1793]])
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Hachisuka Munekazu]], Japanese ''daimyō'' of the Edo period (d. [[1735]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort]] (d. [[1756]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Jagat Singh II]], [[Maharana]] of [[Mewar Kingdom]] (d. [[1751]])
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Samuel Johnson]], English poet, biographer, essayist, and lexicographer (d. [[1784]])
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Joseph Gerrish]], soldier (d. [[1774]])

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]]
** [[Peter Applebye]], British-Danish industrialist (d. [[1774]])
** [[Ludovico Stern]], Italian painter of the Rococo or late-Baroque period (d. [[1777]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Edward Kynaston (1709–1772)|Edward Kynaston]], British landowner and Tory MP (d. [[1772]])
* [[October 9]]
** [[Jean-Baptiste de Belloy]], Archbishop of Paris and cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. [[1808]])
** [[John Clayton (divine)|John Clayton]], English clergyman (d. [[1773]])
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Lord Anne Hamilton]], Scottish nobleman (d. [[1748]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence]], Irish peer and politician (d. [[1767]])
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Johann Daniel Ritter]], German historian (d. [[1775]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Jean-Gabriel Berbudeau]], French-born surgeon who spent time practicing medicine in eastern Canada (d. [[1792]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Sewallis Shirley (1709–1765)|Sewallis Shirley]], British Member of Parliament in the reign of George II (d. [[1765]])
* [[October 25]]
** [[Georg Gebel (the younger)|Georg Gebel]], German musician and composer (d. [[1753]])
** [[Jan Wagenaar]], Dutch historian (d. [[1773]])
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Ignatius von Weitenauer]], German Jesuit writer (d. [[1783]])
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange]], Hanoverian-born regent of Friesland (d. [[1759]])
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Christopher Marshall (revolutionary)|Christopher Marshall]], leader in the American Revolution (d. [[1797]])
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Dirk Klinkenberg]], mathematician, amateur astronomer, secretary of the Dutch government for 40 years (d. [[1799]])
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely]] (d. [[1783]])
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem]], German Lutheran theologian during the Age of Enlightenment (d. [[1789]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Battle of Samana]]
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Franz Xaver Richter]], Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician  (d. [[1789]])
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Pierre II Surette]], art of the Acadian and [[Wabanaki Confederacy]] resistance against the British Empire in Acadia (d. [[1789]])
* [[December 14]]
** [[Caspar Friedrich Hachenberg]], rector of the Latin school of Wageningen, The Netherlands, and writer of Greek and Latin grammars (d. [[1793]])
** [[Charles Lawrence (British Army officer)|Charles Lawrence]], British military officer who (d. [[1760]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth of Russia]], empress regnant of Russia (d. [[1762]])
* [[December 21]]
** [[Charles Frederick (MP)|Charles Frederick]], MP (d. [[1785]])
** [[Arnaud-François Lefèbvre]], [[Diocese of Quy Nhon|Apostolic Vicar of Cochin]] (d. [[1760]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Johann Evangelist Holzer]], Austrian-German painter (d. [[1740]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[François de la Chaise]], French confessor of [[Louis XIV of France]] (b. [[1624]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury]], English politician (b. [[1654]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[George Rooke]], English admiral (b. [[1650]])
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen]], Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (b. [[1646]])
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Torelli]], Italian composer (b. [[1658]])
* [[February 9]] &ndash; [[François Louis, Prince of Conti]], French general (b. [[1664]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate]], German artist (b. [[1622]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Erik Benzelius the Elder]], Swedish theologian (b. [[1632]])
* [[February 19]] &ndash; [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]], Japanese shōgun (b. [[1646]])
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu]], English diplomat (b. [[1638]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Burchard de Volder]], Dutch mathematician (b. [[1643]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Henri Jules, Prince of Condé]] (b. [[1643]])
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Gaulli]], Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (b. [[1639]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Roger de Piles]], French painter (b. [[1635]])
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen]], German nobleman (b. [[1641]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Johann Ernst von Thun]], Tyrolean Catholic bishop (b. [[1643]])
* [[April 21]] 
** [[George XI of Kartli|Gurgin Khan (George XI of Kartli)]], Persian Governor of Kandahar (b. [[1651]])
** [[Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano]], Prince of Savoy (b. [[1628]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach]] from 1677 until his death (b. [[1647]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Antoine Thomas]], Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (b. [[1644]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Edward Lhuyd]], Welsh scientist (b. [[1660]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Robert Bolling]], English settler in Virginia (b. [[1646]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]], German princess (b. [[1640]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Andrea Pozzo]], Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (b. [[1642]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Jean-François Regnard]], French comic poet (b. [[1655]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Gunno Dahlstierna]], Swedish poet (b. [[1661]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero]], Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b. [[1635]])
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Ivan Mazepa]], Hetman of Ukraine (b. [[1639]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Daniel Speer]], German Baroque composer and writer  (b. [[1636]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland]], English mistress of [[Charles II of England]] (b. [[1640]])
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon]], English nobleman (b. [[1638]])
* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Barend Graat]], Dutch painter (b. [[1628]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland]] (b. [[1649]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon]], English noble (b. [[1632]])
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Abraham a Sancta Clara]], Austrian preacher (b. [[1644]])
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Meindert Hobbema]], Dutch painter (b. [[1638]])
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[Thomas Corneille]], French dramatist (b. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Corneille {{!}} French dramatist {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Corneille |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] &ndash; [[Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet]], English politician (b. [[1637]])
* [[December 31]]
** [[Pierre Cally]], French philosopher and theologian (b. [[1630]])
** [[Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet]], English statesman (b. [[1647]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[John Coode (Governor of Maryland)|John Coode]], [[List of colonial governors of Maryland|Colonial governor of Maryland]] (b. c. [[1648]])
* ''probable date'' &ndash; [[Eleanor Glanville]], [[English people|English]] [[entomologist]] (b. [[1654]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1709}}
[[Category:1709| ]]