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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1727}}
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[[File:German print of the 1727 Gibraltar Siege.jpg|thumb|300px|[[February 11]]: The [[Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar|Siege of Gibraltar]] begins.]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1727}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; (December 21, 1726 O.S.) Spain's ambassador to Great Britain demands that the British return [[Gibraltar]] after accusing Britain of violating the terms of the 1713 [[Peace of Utrecht|Treaty of Utrecht]].  Britain refuses and the [[Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar]] begins on February 22.
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Martin Spanberg]] and two other members of the [[First Kamchatka expedition]] arrive in [[Okhotsk]], after a journey from [[Saint Petersburg]] of almost two years.  After the end of winter, the 63-member group, commanded by [[Vitus Bering]], proceeds to the [[Kamchatka River]], to prepare for exploration of the Arctic.
* [[January 9]] &ndash; The world-famous [[Charité]] Hospital is established in [[Berlin]], to be used for research and to help the poor.  [[Prussia]]'s [[Frederick William I of Prussia|King Frederick William I]] had ordered the conversion of a 16-year old institution, originally built in anticipation of an epidemic of the [[bubonic plague]].
* [[January 12]] &ndash; Abd el-Sayed of [[Egypt]] is enthroned, as Pope [[John XVII of Alexandria]] becomes the leader of the [[Coptic Orthodox Christian|Coptic Christian Church]], as the 105th [[Pope of Alexandria]] and Patriarch of the [[Holy See of St. Mark]].  He will serve until his death on April 20, 1745.
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s solo [[cantata]], [[Ich habe genug, BWV 82|''Ich habe genug'', BWV 82]], premieres in [[Leipzig]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Germans|German]] composer [[George Frideric Handel]] becomes a [[British subject]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology301"/>
* [[February 22]] (February 11, 1726 O.S.) &ndash; [[Spain]] [[Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar|besieges the British-held territory of Gibraltar]], in order to recapture it.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology301">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/301|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/301 301]}}</ref>  Britain's [[Royal Navy]] begins a blockade of Spanish ports and the unsuccessful siege ends with the signing of a truce on June 24.
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Battle of Halidzor]] in [[Armenia]]: A small group of defenders overcomes a much larger [[Ottoman Empire]] army. 
* [[March 9]] &ndash; The west African [[Kingdom of Dahomey]], ruled by King [[Agaja|Trudo Agaja]], conquers and annexes the [[Kingdom of Whydah|Kingdom of Xwéda]], after King [[Haffon]] is killed in battle (three years earlier, Agaja conquered the neighboring state of [[Allada]]).
* [[March 22]] &ndash; After 55 years as [[Sultan of Morocco]], [[Ismail Ibn Sharif]] dies at the age of 81, prompting a 30-year battle between seven of his sons, for succession to the throne.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[St Matthew Passion]]'' (BWV 244b) premieres at [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig]].
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[History of the Moravian Church#The 18th century renewal under Zinzendorf|History of the Moravian Church: The 18th century renewal]]: The ''Brotherly Agreement'' is adopted by the [[Moravian Church]] community at [[Herrnhut]], under the influence of Count [[Nicolaus Zinzendorf]], beginning the Church's renewal.
* [[May 17]]  &ndash; [[Peter II of Russia]] was made [[Emperor of Russia]], eleven years of age.
* [[May 31]] &ndash; The [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] is founded by [[Royal Charter]] in [[Edinburgh]].<ref name="The People's Chronology">{{cite book|chapter=1727|title=The People's Chronology|editor=Everett, Jason M.|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[June 22]] (July 11 [[Old Style]]) &ndash; George, [[Prince of Wales]], becomes King [[George II of Great Britain]], on the death of his father.<ref name="The People's Chronology"/>
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Spain]] ceases hostilities after its [[Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar|attempt to recapture Gibraltar from Britain]] fails.  A truce is signed the next day.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology301"/>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]], is incorporated as a town.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; In India, [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan]] becomes the new [[Nawab of Bengal]] after the death of his father-in-law, [[Murshid Quli Khan]].  At the time, Bengal consists of what is now the nation of [[Bangladesh]] and the southeast Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and is subservient to the [[Mughal Empire]].
* [[July 23]] &ndash; Seventeen [[Ursulines|Ursuline Sisters]] from [[France]] land in [[History of the Ursulines in New Orleans|New Orleans]], in the [[Louisiana (New France)|Louisiana territory]] of [[New France]], after a journey that began on February 22.<ref>Mary Ellen Snodgrass, ''American Colonial Women and Their Art: A Chronological Encyclopedia'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2017) p46</ref>  They later create the orphanage which is the predecessor of [[Catholic Charities]] and the [[Ursuline Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)|Ursuline Academy]], the oldest [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] school in the [[United States]].
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[History of the Moravian Church#The 18th century renewal under Zinzendorf|History of the Moravian Church: The 18th century renewal]]: The [[Moravian Church]] community at [[Herrnhut]] undergoes a [[Pentecostal]]{{Anachronism inline|date=July 2025}} experience.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[1727 British general election|Elections for the House of Commons begin in Great Britain]] and continue until October 17.
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Anne]], eldest daughter of King [[George II of Great Britain]], is given the title [[Princess Royal]].
* [[September 8]] &ndash; A barn fire during a puppet show in the village of [[Burwell, Cambridgeshire]], England, kills 78 people, many of them children.  Another report says that all but six of the 160 persons assembled were killed in the accidental fire.<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p49</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[George II of Great Britain]] is crowned. [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''[[Coronation Anthems (Handel)|Coronation Anthems]]'' are composed for the event, including ''[[Zadok the Priest]]'', which has been played at every subsequent [[Coronation of the British monarch]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology301"/>
* [[October 17]] &ndash; With [[1727 British general election|voting for the British House of Commons]] concluding, the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whigs]], led by Sir [[Robert Walpole]], increase their supermajority, winning 415 of the 558 seats.  The [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]] share of Commons decreases from 169 to 128.
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[1727 Tabriz earthquake|Tabriz earthquake]], [[Iran|Persia]] kills 77,000.
* [[November 21]] &ndash;  The [[Netherlands]] signs the [[Treaty of Seville (1729)|Treaty of Seville]].
* [[November 27]] &ndash; The foundation stone of the [[Jerusalem's Church]] in [[Berlin]] is laid.
* [[December 8]] &ndash; For the first time since the union of England and Scotland into [[Great Britain]], the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], which still retains the right to print currency, issues its first [[Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note|pound note]], printing paper currency for twenty shillings.  The Scottish pound note continues to be printed until 2001 and the smallest denomination now is a five pound note. 
* [[December 17]] &ndash; The ''[[London Evening Post]]'', a conservative newspaper, publishes its first issue.  It continues in regular publication for 70 years.

=== Date unknown ===
* An old woman known as [[Janet Horne|Janet (Jenny) Horne]] of Loth, [[Sutherland]] becomes the last alleged [[witch]] in the [[British Isles]] to be executed, when she is [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]] in [[Dornoch]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historylinks.org.uk/Dornoch18.htm|title=Dornoch in the 18th century|work=Historylinks Museum|access-date=2010-08-27|archive-date=July 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706092638/http://historylinks.org.uk/Dornoch18.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Sheard2011">{{cite book|author=K. M. Sheard|title=Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names: For Pagans, Wiccans, Druids, Heathens, Mages, Shamans & Independent Thinkers of All Sorts Who Are Curious about Na|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVyHTUQnnBgC&pg=PA304|access-date=28 June 2012|date=8 December 2011|publisher=Llewellyn Worldwide|isbn=978-0-7387-2368-6|pages=304–}}</ref> (Some sources give the date as June 1722.)<ref>{{cite journal|first=W. N.|last=Neill|title=the Last Execution for Witchcraft in Scotland, 1722|journal=Scottish Historical Review|volume=20|year=1923|issue=79 |pages=218–21|jstor=25519547}}</ref>
* The first [[Amish]] move to [[North America]].
* 1727&ndash;[[1800]] &ndash; Lt. Col. Francisco de Mello Palheta smuggles coffee seeds to [[Brazil]] in a bouquet, starting a [[coffee]] empire.
</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
[[File:James Wolfe.jpeg|thumb|right|110px|[[James Wolfe]]]]
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[James Wolfe]], British general (d. [[1759]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Aron Gustaf Silfversparre]], Swedish baron (d. [[1818]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Anne Robert Turgot]], French statesman (d. [[1781]])
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[Thomas Gainsborough]], English artist (d. [[1788]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Horatio Gates]], retired British soldier who served as an American general during the [[American Revolutionary War]] (d. [[1806]])
* [[August 14]] 
** [[Henriette-Anne of France]], daughter of King [[Louis XV]] (d. [[1752]]) 
** [[Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France]], daughter of King [[Louis XV]] (d. [[1759]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Johann Joseph Gassner]], German priest (d. [[1779]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Empress Xiaoyichun]] of China (d. [[1775]])
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Artemas Ward]], American major general (d. [[1800]])
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Johann Gottfried Zinn]], German anatomist, botanist (d. [[1757]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Arthur Murphy (writer)|Arthur Murphy]], Irish writer (d. [[1805]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen]], German philosopher (b. [[1663]])
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Magdalena Stenbock]], Swedish salon hostess (b. [[1649]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Charles Boit]], Swedish enameller, miniature painter (b. [[1662]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Procopio Cutò]], French entrepreneur (b. [[1651]])
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[William Wotton]], English scholar (b. [[1666]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Francesco Gasparini]], Italian composer (b. [[1661]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Earl of Dysart]], British politician and nobleman (b. [[1649]])
[[File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Isaac Newton]]]]
[[File:King George I by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (3).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[George I of Great Britain]]]]
* {{OldStyleDateNY|[[March 31]]|[[March 20]]}} &ndash; Sir [[Isaac Newton]], English scientist (b. [[1643]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton]] (b. [[1664]])
* [[May 17]] &ndash; Empress [[Catherine I of Russia]] (b. [[1684]])
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[August Hermann Francke]], German Protestant minister (b. [[1663]])
* [[June 11]]
** [[Richard Hill of Hawkstone]], English statesman (b. [[1655]])
** King [[George I of Great Britain]] (b. [[1660]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Veronica Giuliani]], Italian nun, mystic (b. [[1660]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt]], [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of Great Britain]] (b. c. [[1660]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie]], French general (b. [[1647]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[William Croft]], English composer (b. [[1678]])
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Louis, Duke of Rohan]], French noble (b. [[1652]])
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Aert de Gelder]], Dutch painter (b. [[1645]])
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[George Hooper (bishop)|George Hooper]], Bishop of St Asaph<br/>Bishop of Bath and Wells (b. [[1640]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[Glückel of Hameln]], German businesswoman and diarist (b. [[1647]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari]], Italian painter (b. [[1654]])
* [[September 25]] 
** [[Jakob Abbadie]], Swiss Protestant preacher (b. c. [[1654]])
** [[Sarah Kemble Knight]], colonial Massachusetts diarist (b. [[1666]])
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Johann Conrad Brunner]], Swiss anatomist (b. [[1653]])
* [[October 10]]
** [[Charles III, Prince of Guéméné]], French nobleman (b. [[1655]])
** [[Robert Rochfort]], Irish politician (b. [[1652]])
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Alphonse de Tonty]], French explorer and American settler (b. [[1659]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain]] (b. [[1643]])
* [[December 26]] 
** [[Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier]], Catholic bishop of Quebec (b. [[1653]])
** [[Baltasar de Zúñiga, 1st Duke of Arión]], viceroy of New Spain (b. [[1658]])
* ''date unknown'' 
** [[Alessio Erardi]], Maltese painter (b. [[1669]])<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schiavone|first1=Michael J.|title=Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F|date=2009|publisher=Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza|location=[[Pietà, Malta|Pietà]]|isbn=9789993291329|page=755}}</ref>
** [[Pietro Erardi]], Maltese chaplain and painter (b. [[1644]])<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schiavone|first1=Michael J.|title=Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F|date=2009|publisher=Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza|location=[[Pietà, Malta|Pietà]]|isbn=9789993291329|page=756}}</ref>
** [[Jesse of Kartli]], King of Georgia (b. [[1680]] or [[1681]])
** [[Basil Matthew II]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] [[Maphrian|Maphrian of the East]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilmshurst|first1=David|date=2019|chapter=West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians|title=The Syriac World|publisher=Routledge|page=812|editor1-first=Daniel|editor1-last=King}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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