View source for 1882

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1882}}
{{Year nav|1882}}
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1882}}
[[File:First Trolleybuss of Siemens in Berlin 1882 (postcard).jpg|thumb|right|The "[[Elektromote]]", the world's first trolleybus,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siemens.com/history/en/innovations/transportation.htm#toc-2|title=Elektromote|work=Siemens History|publisher=Siemens|access-date=2017-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729124510/https://www.siemens.com/history/en/innovations/transportation.htm#toc-2|archive-date=July 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> in Berlin, Germany, 1882]]
[[File:Richard Caton Woodville (1856-1927) - The Guards at Tel-el-Kebir, 13 September 1882 - RCIN 407434 - Royal Collection.jpg|thumb|[[September 13]]: [[Battle of Tell El Kebir]].]]
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== Events ==
===January===
* [[January 2]]
** The [[Standard Oil]] [[Trust (business)|Trust]] is secretly created in the United States to control multiple corporations set up by [[John D. Rockefeller]] and his associates.<ref>{{cite book|first1=David O.|last1=Whitten|first2=Bessie Emrick|last2=Whitten|title=Handbook of American Business History: Manufacturing|url=https://archive.org/details/extractivesmanuf00whit|url-access=limited|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1990|page=[https://archive.org/details/extractivesmanuf00whit/page/n196 182]}}</ref> 
** Irish-born author [[Oscar Wilde]] arrives in New York at the beginning of a lecture tour of the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite book|first=Norman|last=Page|title=An Oscar Wilde Chronology|publisher=Macmillan|year=1991|page=17}}</ref>
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Holborn Viaduct power station]] in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfVKt7UzjnEC&pg=PA89|journal=[[New Scientist]]|location=London|title=The electricity of Holborn|first=Jack|last=Harris|date=1982-01-14|access-date=April 14, 2017|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204142006/https://books.google.com/books?id=bfVKt7UzjnEC&pg=PA89|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===February===
* [[February 3]] &ndash; American showman [[P. T. Barnum]] acquires the elephant [[Jumbo]] from the [[London Zoo]].
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Charles J. Guiteau]], the [[assassination of James A. Garfield|murderer of President James A. Garfield]], is sentenced to death (found guilty on January 25), despite an [[insanity defense]] raised by his lawyer.<ref>{{cite book|first=John W.|last=Johnson|title=Historic U.S. Court Cases|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location=U.S.|year=2001|page=54}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Appellate Decision in the Charles Guiteau Case |url=https://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/guiteau/guiteauapprev.html |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=law2.umkc.edu}}</ref>

===March===
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Roderick Maclean]] fails in an attempt to assassinate [[Queen Victoria]], at [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]].
* [[March 6]] (February 22 [[Old Style]]) &ndash; The [[Principality of Serbia]] becomes the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] following a proclamation.
* [[March 20]] &ndash; British gunboats enter [[Monrovia]], with [[Arthur Havelock]] demanding that [[Liberia]] cede disputed territory to the British colony of [[Sierra Leone]], of which he is Governor.
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[Polygamy]] is made a felony by the [[Edmunds Act]], passed by the [[United States Congress]].
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Robert Koch]] announces the discovery of the [[bacterium]] responsible for [[tuberculosis]] (''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'').
* [[March 28]]
** Republican [[Jules Ferry]] makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (''laique'') and obligatory.
** German medical products company ''[[Beiersdorf]]'' is founded.
* [[March 29]] &ndash; The [[Knights of Columbus]], a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[fraternal service organization]], is founded in [[New Haven, Connecticut]].

===April===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Old West]] outlaw [[Jesse James]] is shot in the back of the head and killed by [[Robert Ford (outlaw)|Robert Ford]] in [[St. Joseph, Missouri]].
* [[April 29]] &ndash; The [[Elektromote]], the world's first [[trolleybus]], begins operation in [[Berlin]].

===May===
* [[May 1]]
** The [[Berlin Philharmonic]] orchestra is founded in Germany, as ''Frühere Bilsesche Kapelle''.
** [[Édouard Manet]] exhibits his painting ''[[A Bar at the Folies-Bergère]]'' at the [[Paris Salon]].
* [[May 2]] &ndash; The [[Kilmainham Treaty]], an agreement between the British government and [[Irish nationalism|Irish nationalist]] leader [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] to abate tenant rent arrears, is announced; Parnell is released from [[Kilmainham Gaol]] in [[Dublin]].
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Phoenix Park Murders]] in Ireland: [[Lord Frederick Cavendish]], the newly appointed [[Chief Secretary for Ireland]], and [[Thomas Henry Burke (civil servant)|Thomas Henry Burke]], his Permanent Undersecretary, are fatally stabbed in [[Phoenix Park]], Dublin, by members of the [[Irish National Invincibles]] (militant Irish republicans).
* [[May 8]] &ndash; The [[Chinese Exclusion Act]] is the first law which restricts immigration into the United States.
* [[May 18]] &ndash; [[Burnley F.C.]] in Northern England changes codes, from [[rugby football]] to [[association football]].
* [[May 20]] &ndash; The [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] is formed between Germany, [[Austria-Hungary]] and Italy.

===June===
* [[June 6]]
** Supposedly, the [[Bombay Cyclone of 1882]] in the [[Arabian Sea]] causes flooding in [[Bombay]] harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead; this alleged event has, however, been proved a hoax.
** [[Battle of Embabo]]: The [[Shewa]]n forces of [[Menelik II]] defeat the [[Gojjam]]e army.
* [[June 11]] &ndash; The [['Urabi revolt]] breaks out in [[Egypt]] against [[Khedive]] [[Tewfik Pasha]] and European influence in that country.
* [[June 28]] &ndash; The [[Anglo-French Convention of 1882]] is signed, marking territorial boundaries between [[Guinea]] and [[Sierra Leone]].
* [[June 30]] &ndash; U.S. presidential assassin [[Charles J. Guiteau]] is hanged in Washington, D.C.
* [[June]]
** [[Ferdinand von Lindemann]] publishes his proof of the [[transcendental number|transcendentality]] of [[pi]].
** [[St Andrew's Ambulance Association]] is founded in [[Glasgow]], Scotland; [[St. John Ambulance Canada]] is also founded this year.

===July===
* [[July 11]]–[[July 13|13]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Egyptian War]]: The British [[Mediterranean Fleet]] carries out the [[Bombardment of Alexandria]], its forces capturing the city of [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]], and securing the [[Suez Canal]].
* [[July 23]] &ndash; The [[Imo Incident]] occurs in [[Seoul]], Korea, as a result of bad rations and late payment for soldiers of the [[Joseon Army]].
* [[July 26]]
** [[Boer]]s establish the republic of [[Stellaland]] in southern Africa.
** [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[opera]] ''[[Parsifal]]'' debuts, at the [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus]] in [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]].
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The Hebrew [[Moshava]] of [[Rishon LeZion]] in Palestine is founded.

===August===
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[U.S. Congress]] passes the [[1882 Immigration Act]].
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Standard Oil of New Jersey]], the company later known as [[ExxonMobil]], is established.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; The [[Married Women's Property Act 1882]] receives royal assent in Britain; it enables women to buy, own and sell property, and to keep their own earnings.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s ''[[1812 Overture]]'' debuts in Moscow.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; The [[Australian cricket team]] historically defeats [[England cricket team|England]] at [[The Oval]] for the first time on English soil, a humiliation for the English and the origin for the [[The Ashes|Ashes]] test series.

===September===
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Thomas Edison]] flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in the United States, lighting one square mile of [[lower Manhattan]]. This is considered by many as the day that begins the electrical age.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The New York Historical |url=https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/edison-lit-manhattan |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.nyhistory.org |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 5]] 
**The first United States [[Labor Day]] parade is held in New York City.
**[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.]] is founded (as Hotspur F.C.) in London.
* [[September 13]]
**[[Anglo-Egyptian War]]: British troops occupy [[Cairo]], and [[Egypt]] becomes a British [[protectorate]].
**[[Selwyn College, Cambridge]], is founded after [[Queen Victoria]] grants a Charter of Incorporation. 
[[File:Great Comet of 1882.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Photograph of the comet as seen from [[Cape Town]] by David Gill.]]
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Great Comet of 1882]]: Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape, David Gill, reports watching the comet rise a few minutes before the Sun, describing it as "The nucleus was then undoubtedly single, and certainly rather under than over 4″ in diameter; in fact, as I have described it, it resembled very much a star of the 1st magnitude seen by daylight."{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

===October===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Ethical movement|The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago]] (the modern-day Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by [[Felix Adler (professor)|Felix Adler]].
* [[October 10]] &ndash; The [[Bank of Japan]] opens in [[Tokyo City]].
* [[October 14]] &ndash; The [[University of the Punjab]] at Lahore (British India), is founded in modern-day [[Pakistan]].
* [[October 16]] &ndash; The [[New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad]] ("Nickel Plate Road") runs its first trains over the entire system between [[Buffalo, New York]], and Chicago. Nine days later the [[Seney Syndicate]] sells the road to [[William Henry Vanderbilt]], for US$7.2&nbsp;million.
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Waseda University]] is founded by [[Shigenobu Ōkuma]] in [[Japan]] as Tokyo Specializing School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/about/history-2 |access-date=2022-03-05 |website=Waseda University |language=en |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027002252/https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/about/history-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===November===
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The [[Great Fire of Oulu (1882)|Great Fire of Oulu]] destroys 27 buildings in the downtown of [[Oulu]], [[Finland]].<ref>Kustaa Hautala: Oulun kaupungin historia IV (Kirjapaino Oy Kaleva, 1976, Oulu) {{ISBN|951-9327-00-2}} p. 319-323 (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Franklyn Leslie]] shoots [[Billy Claiborne]] dead in the streets of [[Tombstone, Arizona]].
* [[November 16]] &ndash; The British [[Royal Navy]]'s {{HMS|Flirt}} destroys Abari village in [[Niger]].

===December===
* [[December 6]] &ndash; A [[Transit of Venus, 1882|transit of Venus]], the last until [[2004]], occurs.
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Zikhron Ya'akov]] is founded in northern Israel.

=== Date unknown ===
* The first [[International Polar Year]], an international scientific program, begins.
* [[Zulu people|Zulu]] king [[Cetshwayo kaMpande]] returns to South Africa from England.
* A peace treaty is signed between [[Paraguay]] and [[Uruguay]].
* [[Pogrom]]s in [[Southern Federal District|Southern Russia]] end.
* [[Nikola Tesla]] claims this is when he conceives the [[rotating magnetic field]] principle, which he later uses to invent his [[induction motor]].
* The British [[Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys|Chartered Institute of Patent Agents]] (the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys) is founded.
* [[Redruth]] Mining School opens in [[Cornwall]].
* The [[Personal Liberty League]] is established to oppose the [[temperance movement in the United States]].
* [[Carolyn Merrick]] is elected president of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] in the United States.
* Founding of the following sports clubs:
** [[Albion Rovers F.C.]] (through the amalgamation of two [[Coatbridge]] clubs, Albion and Rovers) in the urban west of Scotland;
** Christchurch Rangers, the earliest predecessor of [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.]], in London;
** [[Glentoran F.C.]] in [[Belfast]] in the north of Ireland;
** [[Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club]], the oldest lawn tennis club still on its original site, in the outer London suburbs;
** [[Waterloo F.C.]], a [[rugby union]] club, as Serpentine on [[Merseyside]] in the north of England.

== Births ==

=== January ===
[[File:George Charles Beresford - Virginia Woolf in 1902 - Restoration.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Virginia Woolf]]]]
[[File:FDR 1944 Color Portrait.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]]]
* [[January 5]] – [[Edwin Barclay]], 18th president of Liberia (d. [[1955]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|pages=33–34}}</ref>
* [[January 6]]
** [[Fan Noli]], Albanian poet, political figure (d. [[1965]])
** [[Ferdinand Pecora]], Sicilian-born American lawyer (d. [[1971]])
** [[Sam Rayburn]], [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Otto Ruge]], Norwegian general (d. [[1961]])<ref>[http://www.snl.no/Otto_Ruge ''Otto Ruge'' (Store norske leksikon)]</ref>
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Milton Sills]], American actor (d. [[1930]])
* [[January 17]]
** [[Arnold Rothstein]], American gangster (d. [[1928]])
** [[Noah Beery]], American actor (d. [[1946]])
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[A. A. Milne]], British author (d. [[1956]])<ref>{{cite book|author=David Scott Kastan|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlMUSz-hiuEC&pg=RA1-PA502|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-516921-8|pages=1}}</ref>
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Johnny Torrio]], Italian-born American gangster (d. [[1957]])
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Theodore Kosloff]], Russian-born actor (d. [[1956]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Anna Abrikosova]], Soviet [[Roman Catholic]] religious sister and servant of God (d. [[1936]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Virginia Woolf]], English writer (d. [[1941]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Virginia Woolf |url=https://www.bl.uk/people/virginia-woolf |website=The British Library |accessdate=28 March 2019 |archive-date=August 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811113204/https://www.bl.uk/people/virginia-woolf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[January 28]]
** [[Mary Boland]], American actress (d. [[1965]])
** [[Gengo Hyakutake]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1976]])
** [[Pascual Orozco]], Mexican revolutionary (d. [[1915]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], 32nd [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1945]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Burns |first=James MacGregor |orig-date=1956 |title=Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox |date=1984 |publisher=Easton Press |isbn=978-0-15-678870-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/rooseveltliont00jame |page=7}}</ref>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Fritz Leiber (actor)|Fritz Leiber]], American stage, screen actor (d. [[1949]])

=== February ===
[[File:Louisstlaurent.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Louis St. Laurent]]]]
[[File:Revolutionary Joyce Better Contrast.jpg|thumb|100px|[[James Joyce]]]]
* [[February 1]]
** [[Vladimir Dimitrov]], Bulgarian artist (d. [[1960]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Dimitrov-Maistora, Vladimir |encyclopedia=[[Grove Art Online]] |date=2003 |last=Katzarova |first=Mariana |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location= |id= |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/display/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000022809 |access-date=20 February 2024 |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T022809|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
** [[Louis St. Laurent]], 12th [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (d. [[1973]])
* [[February 2]]
** [[Anne Bauchens]], American film editor (d. [[1967]])
** [[James Joyce]], Irish author (d. [[1941]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/what-does-joyce-mean-to-you-1.678911|title=What does Joyce mean to you?|first=Rosita|last=Bol|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=17 December 2018|archive-date=August 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818075209/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/what-does-joyce-mean-to-you-1.678911|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[E. J. Pratt]], Canadian poet (d. [[1964]])
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Louis Wagner (driver)|Louis Wagner]], French Grand Prix racer, aviator (d. [[1960]])
* [[February 11]] 
** [[Valli Valli]], German-born British actress (d. [[1927]])
** [[Joe Jordan (musician)|Joe Jordan]], American ragtime composer (d. [[1971]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Walter Nash]], 27th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. [[1968]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[John Barrymore]], American actor (d. [[1942]])
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Petre Dumitrescu]], Romanian general (d. [[1950]])
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Alexander Carrick]], Scottish sculptor (d.  [[1966]])
* [[February 22]] &ndash; [[Eric Gill]], English sculptor, writer (d. [[1940]])
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Bosman di Ravelli]], South African concert pianist, composer, and writer (d. [[1967]])
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Husband E. Kimmel]], American admiral (d. [[1968]])
* [[February 28]]
** [[Geraldine Farrar]], American soprano (d. [[1967]])
** [[Herbert Silberer]], Austrian psychoanalyst (d. [[1923]])

=== March ===
[[File:Carlos Blanco Galindo.jpg|thumb|153x153px|[[Carlos Blanco Galindo]]]]
[[File:René Coty-1929.jpg|thumb|100px|[[René Coty]]]]
[[File:Noether.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Emmy Noether]]]]
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[Charles Ponzi]], Italian-born American con man (d. [[1949]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[F. Burrall Hoffman]], American architect (d. [[1980]])
* [[March 8]] &ndash; [[Alfred A. Cunningham]], first United States Marine Corps aviator (d. [[1939]])
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Carlos Blanco Galindo]], 32nd [[President of Bolivia]] (d. [[1943]])
* [[March 14]]
** [[Wacław Sierpiński]], Polish mathematician (d. [[1969]])
** [[Giuseppe Tellera]], Italian general (d. [[1941]])
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Jim Lightbody]], American middle-distance runner (d. [[1953]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Gian Francesco Malipiero]], Italian composer (d. [[1973]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[René Coty]], 17th [[President of France]] (d. [[1962]])
* [[March 22]] &ndash; [[John W. Wilcox Jr.]], American admiral (d. [[1942]]) 
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Emmy Noether]], German mathematician (d. [[1935]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[George Monckton-Arundell, 8th Viscount Galway]], English politician, 5th [[Governor-General of New Zealand]] (d. [[1943]])
* [[March 30]]
**[[Melanie Klein]], Austrian-born British child psychoanalyst (d. [[1960]])
**[[Vittorio Tur]], Italian admiral (d. [[1969]])<ref>[http://www.difesa.it/Area_Storica_HTML/editoria/2016/uomini-mm/Pagine/files/basic-html/page527.html Biographical Dictionary Men of the Navy.]</ref>

=== April ===
[[File:Leopold Stokowski LOC 26447u.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Leopold Stokowski]]]]
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Kurt von Schleicher]], [[Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)|Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1934]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Artur Schnabel]], Polish pianist (d. [[1951]])
* [[April 18]]
** [[Monteiro Lobato]], Brazilian writer (d. [[1948]])
** [[Leopold Stokowski]], English conductor (d. [[1977]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Getúlio Vargas]], 14th and 17th president of Brazil (d. [[1954]])
* [[April 20]]
** [[Nicolae Ciupercă]], Romanian general and politician (d. [[1950]])
** [[Holland Smith]], American general (d. [[1967]])
* [[April 21]] &ndash; [[Percy Williams Bridgman]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1961]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Hugh Dowding]], commander of the [[RAF Fighter Command]] during the [[Battle of Britain]] (d. [[1970]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman]], Dutch artist, printer (d. [[1945]])

=== May ===
[[File:Georges Braque, 1908, photograph published in Gelett Burgess, The Wild Men of Paris, Architectural Record, May 1910.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Georges Braque]]]]
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[James F. Byrnes]], American politician, Secretary of State and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 5]]
** [[Sylvia Pankhurst]], English suffragette (d. [[1960]])
** Sir [[Douglas Mawson]], Australian Antarctic explorer (d. [[1958]])<ref>{{cite journal|author=August Howard|title=Sir Douglas Mawson Centenary 1982|journal=The Polar Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53tQAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=American Polar Society}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany]], heir-apparent of Emperor [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II]] (d. [[1951]])
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Henry J. Kaiser]], American industrialist (d. [[1967]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Thurston Hall]], American stage & screen actor (d. [[1958]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Georges Braque]], French painter (d. [[1963]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Wolf Stubbe|title=History of Modern Graphic Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ1Vd_pH7VcC|year=1963|publisher=Thames and Hudson|page=257}}</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Mary Gordon (actress)|Mary Gordon]], Scottish stage and screen actress (d. [[1963]])
* [[May 20]]
**[[Sigrid Undset]], Norwegian author, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1949]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Mitzi Brunsdale|title=Sigrid Undset, Chronicler of Norway|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzhcAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Berg|isbn=978-0-85496-027-9|page=1}}</ref>
**[[Fannie Salter]], American lighthouse keeper (d. [[1966]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Marie Doro]], American stage, silent film actress (d. [[1956]])
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Jess McMahon]], American professional boxing, wrestling promoter (d. [[1954]])
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Avery Hopwood]], American playwright (d. [[1928]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Wyndham Halswelle]], British runner (d. [[1915]])


=== June ===
[[File:Karl Valentin by Eugen Rosenfeld (1870 - 1940).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Karl Valentin]]]]
[[File:Romanian Prime Minister Ion Antonescu.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ion Antonescu]]]]
[[File:Igor Stravinsky LOC 32392u.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Igor Stravinsky]]]]
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Karl Valentin]], German actor (d. [[1948]])
* [[June 9]] &ndash; [[Robert Kerr (athlete)|Robert Kerr]], Canadian sprinter (d. [[1963]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Nevile Henderson]], British diplomat (d. [[1942]])
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Roi Cooper Megrue]], American playwright (d. [[1927]])
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Ion Antonescu]], Romanian prime minister, dictator (d. [[1946]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]], Iranian politician, 35th [[Prime Minister of Iran]] (d. [[1967]])
* [[June 17]]
** [[Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (d. [[1918]])
** [[Igor Stravinsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1971]])
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[Georgi Dimitrov]], 32nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria (d. [[1949]])
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Lluís Companys]], President of Catalonia (d. [[1940]])
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[Valeska Suratt]], American stage actress, silent film star (d. [[1962]])
* [[June 29]] &ndash; [[Ole Singstad]], Norwegian-American civil engineer (d. [[1969]])

=== July ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], Indian physician and politician, [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] (d. [[1962]])
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[Percy Grainger]], Australian composer (d. [[1961]])
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Ima Hogg]], American society leader, philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts (d. [[1975]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[James Somerville]], British admiral (d. [[1949]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Edward Hopper]], American painter (d. [[1967]])
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[George S. Rentz]], United States Navy Chaplain, [[Navy Cross]] winner (d. [[1942]])
* [[July 27]]
** [[Donald Crisp]], English actor, film director, screenwriter, and producer (d. [[1974]])
** [[Geoffrey de Havilland]], British [[aviation]] pioneer, [[aircraft]] company founder (d. [[1965]])
* [[July 31]] 
** [[Itamar Ben-Avi]], first native speaker of [[Modern Hebrew]] (d. [[1943]])

=== August ===
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Rodolfo Graziani]], Italian general (d. [[1955]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Gisela Richter]], English art historian (d. [[1972]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Christian Mortensen]], Danish supercentenarian, oldest verified male ever at the time of his death (d. [[1998]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[MacGillivray Milne]], [[United States Navy]] [[Captain (USN)|Captain]], 27th [[Governor of American Samoa]] (d. [[1959]])
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Raymonde de Laroche]], French aviator, first woman to receive an aviator{{'}}s license (d. [[1919]])
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Seán T. O'Kelly]], second [[President of Ireland]] (d. [[1966]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[James Franck]], German-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1964]])

=== September ===
[[File:Hans geiger.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Hans Geiger]]]]
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Nicholas H. Heck]], American geophysicist, oceanographer, and surveyor (d. [[1953]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Sada Cowan]], American playwright and screenwriter (d. [[1943]])
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Károly Huszár]], 25th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. [[1941]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[William T. Bovie]], American biophysicist, inventor (d. [[1958]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Ion Agârbiceanu]], Romanian writer, journalist, politician and priest (d. [[1963]])
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Ramón Grau]], Cuban president (d. [[1969]])
* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Robert Hichens]], RMS ''Titanic'' quartermaster, man at the wheel when ''Titanic'' hit the iceberg (d. [[1940]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Wilhelm Keitel]], German field marshal (d. [[1946]])
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Lilias Armstrong]], English phonetician (d. [[1937]])
* [[September 30]] 
** [[George Bancroft (actor)|George Bancroft]], American film actor (d. [[1956]])
** [[Hans Geiger]], German physicist (d. [[1945]])

=== October ===
[[File:Dr. Robert H. Goddard - GPN-2002-000131.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Robert H. Goddard]]]]
[[File:Sybil Thorndike.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Sybil Thorndike]]]]
* [[October 2]] &ndash; [[Boris Shaposhnikov]], Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. [[1945]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[A. Y. Jackson]], Canadian painter (d. [[1974]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Robert H. Goddard]], American rocket scientist (d. [[1945]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Karol Szymanowski]], Polish composer (d. [[1937]])
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Harry McClintock]], American singer (d. [[1957]])
* [[October 14]]
**[[Zbigniew Dunin-Wasowicz]], Polish military leader (d. [[1915]])
** [[Éamon de Valera]], [[Taoiseach]] and third [[President of Ireland]] (d. [[1975]])
** [[Charlie Parker (cricketer)|Charlie Parker]], English cricketer (d. [[1959]])
* [[October 17]] &ndash; [[Giulio Gavotti]], Italian aviator (d. [[1939]])
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Bela Lugosi]], Hungarian-born American actor (d. [[1956]])
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Sybil Thorndike]], British stage, film actress (d. [[1976]])
* [[October 25]] 
** [[Florence Easton]], English opera soprano (d. [[1955]])
** [[Tony Jackson (pianist)|Tony Jackson]], American jazz musician (d. [[1921]])
* [[October 30]]
** [[William Halsey Jr.]], American admiral (d. [[1959]])
** [[Günther von Kluge]], German field marshal (d. [[1944]])

=== November ===
[[File:Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden 1962.jpg|thumb|100px|King [[Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden]]]]
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[Feng Yuxiang]], Chinese [[warlord]] and general (d. [[1948]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Ethel Clayton]], American silent screen star (d. [[1966]])
* [[November 11]] 
** [[T. F. O'Rahilly]], Irish academic (d. [[1953]])
** King [[Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden]] (d. [[1973]])
* [[November 15]] &ndash; [[Felix Frankfurter]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1965]])
* [[November 18]] 
** [[Jacques Maritain]], French Catholic philosopher (d. [[1973]])
** [[Frances Gertrude McGill]], Canadian [[forensic pathologist]] (d. [[1959]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Harold Lowe]], Welsh 5th Officer of RMS ''Titanic'' (d. [[1944]])
* [[November 27]] &ndash; [[Leonie von Meusebach–Zesch]], American dentist (d. [[1944]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Henri Fabre]], French inventor of the first seaplane, the ''[[Fabre Hydravion]]'' (d. [[1984]])

=== December ===
[[File:Max Born.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Max Born]]]]
[[File:Kodály Zoltán 1930s.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Zoltán Kodály]]]]
* [[December 9]]
**[[Percy C. Mather]], English Protestant missionary (d. [[1933]])
**[[Joaquín Turina]], Spanish composer (d. [[1949]])
* [[December 11]]
** [[Subramania Bharati]], Tamil Indian poet (d. [[1921]])
** [[Max Born]], German physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1970]])
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Ioannis Demestichas]], Greek admiral (d. [[1960]])
* [[December 16]]
** [[Jack Hobbs]], English cricketer (d. [[1963]])
** [[Zoltán Kodály]], Hungarian composer (d. [[1967]])
** [[Walther Meissner]], German technical physicist (d. [[1974]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Richard Maury]], American naturalized Argentine engineer (d. [[1950]])
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Hisao Tani]], Japanese general and war criminal (d. [[1947]])
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[Mokichi Okada]], Japanese religious leader (d. [[1955]])
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Georges Legagneux]], French aviator (d. [[1914]])<ref>{{Cite web| author=<!--not stated-->|url=https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/226329|title=Legaganeux, Georges Theophile LH//1554/17 |date=<!--not stated-->|website=Léonore database|publisher=French Ministry of Culture|language=fr}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Arthur Eddington]], English astronomer, astrophysicist and mathematician (d. [[1944]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Raymond Stanton Patton]], American admiral, engineer and second Director of the [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey]] (d. [[1937]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Sediqeh Dowlatabadi]], Persian feminist, women's rights activist and journalist (d. [[1961]])
* [[Nellie Yu Roung Ling]], Chinese dancer, lady-in-waiting in Qing imperial court (d. [[1973]])
* [[T. Sathasiva Iyer]], [[Ceylon Tamil]] scholar, [[Tamil language]] writer (d. [[1950]])
* [[Ioryi Mucitano]], [[Aromanians|Aromanian]] revolutionary (d. [[1911]])<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlIUAQAAIAAJ|title=Ми-Анова енциклопедија: М-П|first=Jovan|last=Pavlovski|publisher=Knigoizdatelstvo MI-AN|volume=3|year=2006|page=1137|language=mk|isbn=9789989613944}}</ref>
* [[Nicolae Velo]], Aromanian poet and diplomat in Romania (d. [[1924]])<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=161359|title=Contacte macedo-române – rememorări, completări, rectificări|first=Constantin Ioan|last=Mladin|journal=Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Philologica|volume=15|issue=1|pages=37–48|year=2014|language=ro|access-date=March 25, 2023|archive-date=October 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021220105/https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=161359|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Deaths ==

=== January&ndash;June ===
[[File:Theodor Schwann Litho.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Theodor Schwann]]]]
[[File:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, photographed by Julia Margaret Cameron in 1868.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]]]] 
[[File:Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Charles Darwin]]]]
[[File:Ralph Waldo Emerson by Josiah Johnson Hawes 1857.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ralph Waldo Emerson]]]]
[[File:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1861.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]]]
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Richard Henry Dana Jr.]], founder of Dana Point, California (b. [[1815]])
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]], Polish pharmacist, inventor of the first method of distilling kerosene from seep oil, creator of the first oil lamp (b. [[1822]])
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Henri Jules Bataille]], French general (b. [[1816]])
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Theodor Schwann]], German physiologist (b. [[1810]])
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Juraj Dobrila]], Croatian bishop (b. [[1812]])
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Robert Christison]], Scottish toxicologist, physician (b. [[1797]])
* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Louisa Foster Mather]], American writer (b. [[1815]])
* [[March 9]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Lanza]], Italian politician (b. [[1810]])
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Carl Robert Jakobson]], Estonian writer, politician, and teacher (b. [[1841]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Constantin Bosianu]], 4th Prime Minister of Romania (b. [[1815]])
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Gustavus H. Scott]], American admiral (b. [[1812]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], American author (b. [[1807]])
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Jesse James]], American Western outlaw (b. [[1847]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], English poet, painter (b. [[1828]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[John Lenthall (shipbuilder)|John Lenthall]], American naval architect, shipbuilder (b. [[1807]])
* [[April 13]] &ndash; [[Bruno Bauer]], German philosopher and theologian (b. [[1809]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Henri Giffard]], French balloonist, aviation pioneer (b. [[1825]])
* [[April 17]]
** [[George Jennings]], English sanitary engineer (b. [[1801]])
** [[Antonio Fontanesi]], Italian painter (b. [[1818]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Charles Darwin]], British naturalist (b. [[1809]])
* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner]], German astrophysicist (b. [[1834]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], American philosopher, writer (b. [[1803]])
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Leonidas Smolents]], Austrian–Greek general and army minister (b. [[1806]])<ref name="Enc">{{Great Military and Naval Encyclopaedia|volume=6|page = 86}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[John Rodgers (American Civil War naval officer)|John Rodgers]], American admiral (b. [[1812]])
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], Italian patriot (b. [[1807]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Christian Wilberg]], German painter (b. [[1839]])
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[Pablo Buitrago y Benavente]], First democratically elected [[President of Nicaragua|Supreme Director]] of Nicaragua (b. [[1807]])<ref>{{cite web |date=25 July 1882 |title=Defunción |url=http://abaco.uca.edu.sv/acervo/Diario_Oficial/1851%20falta%20feb%20mar%20abr/1851-05.pdf |page=81 |newspaper=Gaceta del Salvador |location=San Salvador |number=Section 13 Number 163}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[François Jouffroy]], French sculptor (b. [[1806]])
* [[June 30]] 
**[[Alberto Henschel]], German-Brazilian photographer, businessman (b. [[1827]])
**[[Charles J. Guiteau]], American preacher, writer, lawyer, assassin of [[James A. Garfield]] (executed) (b. [[1841]])

=== July&ndash;December ===
[[File:Mary Todd Lincoln EB.jpg|thumb|139x139px|[[Mary Todd Lincoln]] ]]
[[File:Friedrich Wöhler Litho.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Friedrich Wöhler]]]]
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Joseph Brackett]], American Shaker religious leader, composer (b. [[1797]])
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Mikhail Skobelev]], Russian general (b. [[1843]])
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Johnny Ringo]], American cowboy (b. [[1850]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Mary Todd Lincoln]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1818]])
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[John William Bean]], English criminal (b. [[1824]])
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Fanny Parnell]], Irish poet, founder of the Ladies' Land League (b. [[1848]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[George Perkins Marsh]], American diplomat, philologist and pioneer environmentalist (b. [[1801]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Samuel Barron Stephens]], American attorney and politician (b. [[1814]])
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[William Stanley Jevons]], English economist and logician (b. [[1835]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot]], French general (b. [[1817]])
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald]], Estonian writer, physician (b. [[1803]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Pedro Luiz Napoleão Chernoviz]], Brazilian physician, writer and publisher (b. [[1812]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Joseph Liouville]], French mathematician (b. [[1809]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Georges Leclanché]], French electrical engineer and inventor (b. [[1839]])
* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Edward Bouverie Pusey]], British churchman (b. [[1800]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Wöhler]], German chemist (b. [[1800]])
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[José Milla y Vidaurre]], Guatemalan writer (b. [[1822]])
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[Arthur de Gobineau]], French writer, demographist (b. [[1816]])
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Julius Hübner]], German painter (b. [[1806]])[[File:Lucy Smith Millikin.jpg|alt=old sepia photograph of Lucy Smith Millikin, taken between 1850 and 1900. The older woman has tightly pulled hair, prominent ears, and slight shoulders. She is dressed in a dark dress with a white collar.|thumb|149x149px|[[Lucy Smith Millikin]]]]
* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[Billy Claiborne]], American gunfighter (b. [[1860]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Henry Draper]], American astronomer (b. [[1837]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Archibald Campbell Tait]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1811]])
* [[December 6]]
** [[Alfred Escher]], Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (b. [[1819]])
** [[Louis Blanc]], French politician, historian (b. [[1811]])
** [[Anthony Trollope]], British novelist, postal service official (b. [[1815]])
*[[December 9]] – [[Lucy Smith Millikin]], early [[Latter Day Saint]] and sister of [[Joseph Smith]] (b. [[1821]])
*[[December 10]] – [[Alexander Gardner (photographer)|Alexander Gardner]], Scottish photographer (b. [[1821]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Henry James Sr.]], American theologian (b. [[1811]])
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Francesco Hayez]], Italian painter (b. [[1791]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Losi]], Italian Combonian missionary (b. [[1838]])
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Léon Gambetta]], French statesman (b. [[1838]])

===Date unknown===
* [[Eugénie Luce]], French educator (b. [[1804]])<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8800/ |title = Luce Ben Aben School of Arab Embroidery I, Algiers, Algeria |website = [[World Digital Library]] |year = 1899 |access-date = 2013-09-26 |archive-date = September 28, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928193801/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8800/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1882| ]]
[[Category:1880s]]