View source for 1890s in Western fashion

{{short description|Costume and fashion of the 1890s}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
[[File:Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Phelps Stokes MET DT1225.jpg|right|thumb|upright |Expatriate{{citation needed|reason=the Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes article does not mention any period of expatriation?|date=September 2023}} Americans Mr. and Mrs. [[Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes]] in the easy, tailored outdoor fashions of 1897]]

'''Fashion in the 1890s''' in Western countries is characterized by long elegant lines, tall collars, and the rise of [[Sportswear (fashion)|sportswear]]. It was an era of great dress reforms led by the invention of the [[drop-frame safety bicycle]], which allowed women the opportunity to ride bicycles more comfortably, and therefore, created the need for appropriate clothing.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cunningham |first1=Patricia |title=Dress and Popular Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/dresspopularcult00essa |url-access=registration |year=1991 |publisher=Bowling Green State University Popular Press |location=Bowling Green, OH |author2=Sally Sims |chapter=The Bicycle, the Bloomer, and Dress Reform in the 1890s|isbn=978-0-87972-507-5 }}</ref>

Another great influence on women's fashions of this era, particularly among those considered part of the [[Aesthetic Movement]] in America, was the political and cultural climate.  Because women were taking a more active role in their communities, in the political world, and in society as a whole, their dress reflected this change.  The more freedom to experience life outside the home that women of the [[Gilded Age]] acquired, the more freedom of movement was experienced in fashions as well.  As the emphasis on athleticism influenced a change in garments which allowed for freedom of movement, the emphasis on less rigid [[gender roles]] influenced a change in dress which allowed for more self-expression, and a more natural silhouette of women's bodies were revealed.

The 1890s brought the beginnings of a change in how fashion was presented as well. While illustrations still dominated [[fashion journalism|fashion magazines]], printed [[fashion photography|fashion photographs]] first appeared in French magazine [[La Mode Pratique]] in 1892, where they would continue be a weekly feature.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Croll |first1=Jennifer |title=Fashion that Changed the World |date=2014 |publisher=Prestel Verlag |location=Munich |isbn=978-3791347899 |pages=39, 46 |url=https://archive.org/details/fashionthatchang0000crol/page/38/mode/2up |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>

==Women's fashions==
[[File:René Schützenberger - La Femme en blanc.jpg|thumb|upright|Standing woman in a white dress with leg o'mutton sleeves. By [[René Schützenberger]], 1895.]]
Fashionable women's clothing styles shed some of the extravagances of previous decades (so that skirts were neither [[crinoline]]d as in the [[1850s in fashion|1850s]], nor protrudingly [[bustle]]d in back as in the late [[1860s in fashion|1860s]] and mid-[[1880s in fashion|1880s]], nor tight as in the late [[1870s in fashion|1870s]]), but [[corset]]ing continued unmitigated, or even slightly increased in severity.  Early 1890s dresses consisted of a tight [[bodice]] with the [[skirt]] gathered at the waist and falling more naturally over the hips and undergarments than in previous years. Puffy leg-of-mutton sleeves (also known as ''gigot'' sleeves) made a comeback, growing bigger each year until reaching their largest size around 1895.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kyoto Costume Institute |title=Fashion: A History from the 18th to the 20th Century |date=2002 |publisher=Taschen |isbn=3822812064 |page=299}}</ref>

During the mid-1890s, skirts took on an A-line silhouette that was almost bell-like. The late 1890s returned to tighter sleeves often with small puffs or ruffles capping the shoulder but fitted to the wrist. Skirts took on a trumpet shape, fitting more closely over the hip and flaring just above the knee. Corsets in the 1890s helped define the hourglass figure as immortalized by artist [[Charles Dana Gibson]]. In the very late 1890s, the corset elongated, giving the women a slight S-bend silhouette that would be popular well into the [[Edwardian]] era.

===Sportswear and tailored fashions===
[[Image:Little dress Charvet.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Charvet dress (1898) with [[shirtwaist]] and [[chemisette]].]]
Changing attitudes about acceptable activities for women also made sportswear popular for women, with such notable examples as the bicycling dress and the tennis dress.

Unfussy, [[tailor]]ed clothes, adapted from the earlier theme of men's tailoring and simplicity of form, were worn for outdoor activities and traveling.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hollander |first=Anne |title=The Modernization of Fashion |journal=Design Quarterly |year=1992 |number=154 |pages=27–33 |doi=10.2307/4091263 |jstor=4091263}}</ref> The [[shirtwaist]], a costume with a [[bodice]] or ''waist'' tailored like a man's shirt with a high collar, was adopted for informal daywear and became the uniform of working women. Walking [[suit (clothes)|suits]] featured ankle-length skirts with matching jackets. The notion of "rational dress" for women's health was a widely discussed topic in 1891, which led to the development of sports dress. This included ample skirts with a belted blouse for hockey. In addition, [[cycling]] became very popular and led to the development of "cycling costumes", which were shorter skirts or "[[bloomers (clothing)|bloomers]]" which were [[Turkish trousers|Turkish trouser]] style outfits. By the 1890s, women bicyclists increasingly wore bloomers in public and in the company of men as well as other women. Bloomers seem to have been more commonly worn in Paris than in England or the United States and became quite popular and fashionable. In the United States, bloomers were more intended for exercise than fashion. The rise of American women's college sports in the 1890s created a need for more unencumbered movement than exercise skirts would allow. By the end of the decade, most colleges that admitted women had women's basketball teams, all outfitted in bloomers.<ref>Warner, 2006, p. 204</ref> Across the nation's campuses, baggy bloomers were paired with blouses to create the first women's gym uniforms.<ref>Warner, 2006, p. 206</ref>

The [[rainy daisy]] was a style of walking or sports skirt introduced during this decade, allegedly named after [[Daisy Miller]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olson |first1=Sidney |title=Young Henry Ford : a picture history of the first forty years |date=1997 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |location=Detroit |isbn=9780814312247 |page=[https://archive.org/details/younghenryfordpi00olso/page/84 84] |url=https://archive.org/details/younghenryfordpi00olso |url-access=registration}}</ref> but also named for its practicality in wet weather, as the shorter hemlines did not soak up puddles of water.<ref name=hill>{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Daniel Delis |title=As seen in Vogue : a century of American fashion in advertising |date=2007 |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |location=Lubbock, Tex. |isbn=9780896726161 |pages=23–25 |edition=1. pbk. print. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvilOZhaRkAC&pg=PR35}}</ref> They were particularly useful for cycling, walking or sporting pursuits as the shorter hems were less likely to catch in the bicycle mechanisms or underfoot, and enabled freer movement.<ref name=hill/>

Swimwear was also developed, usually made of navy blue wool with a long tunic over full knickers.

Day dresses typical of the time period had high necks, wasp waists, puffed sleeves and bell-shaped skirts. Gowns had a squared decolletage, a wasp-waist cut and skirts with long trains.

===Influence of aesthetic dress===
The 1890s in both Europe and North America saw growing acceptance of [[Artistic Dress movement|artistic or aesthetic dress]] as mainstream fashion influenced by the philosophies of [[John Ruskin]] and [[William Morris]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Blanchard |first=Mary W. |title=Boundaries and the Victorian Body: Aesthetic Fashion in Gilded Age America |journal=The American History Review |date=February 1995 |volume=100 |series=1 |issue=1 |page=22 |doi=10.2307/2167982 |jstor=2167982}}</ref> This was especially seen in the adoption of the uncorseted [[tea gown]] for at-home wear. In the United States during this period, ''Dress, the Jenness Miller Magazine'' (1887–1898) [https://web.archive.org/web/20051219191400/http://costume.osu.edu/Reforming_Fashion/artistic_dress.htm], reported that tea gowns were being worn outside the home for the first time in fashionable summer resorts.

Before women acquired a more prominent role outside the home, a more traditionally Victorian, restrained, and modest style of dress dominated. However, during the 1870s and 80s, the Aesthetic Movement led to a shift in behavior, with some women using fashion as a method of defying traditional domesticity and claiming agency.<ref name=":0" />

===Hairstyles and headgear===
Hairstyles at the start of the decade were simply a carry-over from the 1880s styles that included curled or frizzled bangs over the forehead as well as hair swept to the top of the head, but after 1892, hairstyles became increasingly influenced by the [[Gibson Girl]]. By the mid-1890s, hair had become looser and wavier and bangs gradually faded from high fashion. By the end of the decade, hair was often worn in a large mass with a bun at the top of the head, a style that would be predominant during the first decade of the 20th century.

===Shoes===
High tab front shoes with a large buckle had made a comeback in the 1870s and were again revived in the 1890s. This popular style of shoe had a few names such as "Cromwell," "Colonial," and "Molière".<ref>{{cite web |title=Evening Pumps |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/156734 |publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref> At this time materials such as suede, leather, lace and metal were used to fashion the shoe and decorate it. Suede was new to the market in 1890 and was available in a few pale shades.

===Athletic wear===

The shift toward functional fashion also affected women's athletic wear. Women in Paris began wearing bloomers when bicycling as early as 1893, while in England lower bicycle frames accommodated the dresses that women continued to wear for bicycling. Long floor length dresses gradually gave way to shorter hemlines and a more casual style of athletic clothing. Similarly, bathing suits also became shorter and less covered — yet another example of the beginnings of a shift in dress toward greater freedom and functionality.<ref>B. Payne, "Women's Fashions of the Nineteenth Century", History of Costume: From the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century (1965)</ref>

===Style gallery 1890–1896===
<gallery>
Image:Serov Portrait of P Tchaokovskaia.jpg|1 – 1890–1892
Image:Bathing suit MET 1975.227.6 F.jpg|2 - 1890-1895
Image:1892 fashion plate.jpg|3 – 1892
Image:Evening gowns 1892-3.jpg|4 – 1892–93
Image:Philip Burne-Jones The Visitor.jpg|5 – 1893
Image:Walking suites 1894 Delineator.jpg|6 – 1894
File:Ernesto Tornquist, Rosa Altgelt y diez de sus trece hijos.jpg|7 – 1895
Image:Bicycle suit punch 1895.jpg|8 – 1895
Image:Natalie Barney in Fur Cape.jpg|9 – 1896
Image:Charvet adv ht 1896.jpg|10 - 1896
</gallery>

# [[:Image:Serov Portrait of P Tchaokovskaia.jpg|Praskovia Tchaokovskaia]] wears a high-necked afternoon dress with puffed elbow-length sleeves and a fabric belt or sash, Russia, 1890–92.
# [[:Image:Bathing suit MET 1975.227.6 F.jpg|Bathing suit]], 1890-1895, nautical fashion : navy color and sailor collar and sleeves
# [[:Image:1892 fashion plate.jpg|Day dresses]] of 1892 have low waists and high necklines.  Sleeves have a high, gathered sleeve-head and are fitted to the lower arm. Skirts are fuller in back than front.
# [[:Image:Evening gowns 1892-3.jpg|Gowns]] of 1892–3 feature short or elbow-length full, puffed sleeves and floral trimmings.
# [[:Image:Philip Burne-Jones The Visitor.jpg|City or traveling suit]] has full upper sleeves and back fullness in the skirt.
# [[:Image:Walking suites 1894 Delineator.jpg|Walking suits]] of 1894 show shorter skirts and matching jackets with leg o' mutton sleeves.
# Portrait photograph of [[Ernesto Tornquist]] and his family, {{circa|1895}}.
# [[:Image:Bicycle suit punch 1895.jpg|''Punch'' Cartoon]] of 1895 shows a fashionable bicycle suit.
# [[:Image:Natalie Barney in Fur Cape.jpg|Natalie Barney]] in 1896
# [[:Image:Charvet adv ht 1896.jpg|Charvet]] advertising in 1896

===Style gallery 1897–1899===
<gallery>
Image:Émile-Auguste Carolus-Duran - Mother and Children (Madame Feydeau and Her Children) - Google Art Project.jpg|1 – 1897
Image:Sargent John Singer Catherine Vlasto.jpg|2 – 1897
Image:Lady 1897.gif|3 – 1897
Image:Badedragter for damer.jpg|4 – 1898
Image:Gustav Klimt 058.jpg|5 – 1898
Image:Charvet corsage.jpg|6 - 1898
Image:Paris waist from Charvet.jpg|7 - 1898
File:Hattmode våren 1898. Modeplansch. Fabrik för strå- och filthattar. Humlegårdsgatan No 17 - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0032515.jpg|8 - 1898
Image:Ball gown MET 65.184.65a-b front CP4.jpg|9 - 1898-1900
Image:Modeart1899.jpg|10 – 1899
Image:Tea gown 1899.jpg|11 – 1899
Image:Wiktor Elpidiforowitsch Borissow-Mussatow 002.jpg|12 – 1899
</gallery>

# [[:Image:Émile-Auguste Carolus-Duran - Mother and Children (Madame Feydeau and Her Children) - Google Art Project.jpg|Madame Faydou]] wears her hair in a knot on top of her head.  Her black dress and her daughter's grey dress (probably mourning attire) have fashionable leg o' mutton sleeves, 1897.
# [[:Image:Sargent John Singer Catherine Vlasto.jpg|Catherine Vlasto]] wears a white dress with puffed elbow-length sleeves and ribbon bows.  Her hair is parted in the center and poufed casually at her temples, 1897.
# [[:Image:Lady 1897.gif|1897 fashion plate]] shows an idealized form of the fashionable figure.  The jacket has an asymmetrical closure and new, smaller sleeve puffs.
# [[:Image:Badedragter for damer.jpg|Bathing costumes]] of 1898 have nautical details such as sailor collars.
# [[:Image:Gustav Klimt 058.jpg|Dress of 1898]] shows a short, wide puff at the shoulder over a long, tight sleeve.
# [[:Image:Charvet corsage.jpg|Charvet corsage of 1898]] shows a corsage by [[Charvet Place Vendôme|Charvet]]. It is a blouse of pink cambric finely plaited, and with a white cascade frill, also of cambric, down the center.
# [[:Image:Paris waist from Charvet.jpg|Shirt-waist from Charvet in 1898]] shows a shirt-waist from [[Charvet Place Vendôme|Charvet]]. It has a group of tucks down either side of the front and back from the shoulders, and in addition has two deep horizontal tucks across the front. A broad box-pleat at the centre is edged with a tiny black frill, which is also carried around the basque. The sleeves are tucked in diagonal groups.
# [[:File:Hattmode våren 1898. Modeplansch. Fabrik för strå- och filthattar. Humlegårdsgatan No 17 - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0032515.jpg|Hats]] from manufacturers spring collection
# [[:Image:Ball gown MET 65.184.65a-b front CP4.jpg|Gown]] (1898-1900) designed by one of the finest French couturiers during the [[Belle Époque]], [[Jacques Doucet (fashion designer)|Jacques Doucet]], with characteristics of the [[Artistic Dress movement|aesthetic dress movement]] : "simplistic in design, yet extravagant by the choice of materials used. The sheer overlayer is enhanced by the solid [[Lamé (fabric)|lamé]] underlayers and a sense of luxury is added by the hidden lace flounce at the hem."<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/158194 Ball gown] on Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref>
# [[:Image:Modeart1899.jpg|1899 fashion plate]] shows the narrow, gored skirt and more natural shoulder of the start of the 20th century (as well as the results of "S-bend" corseting).
# [[:Image:Tea gown 1899.jpg|Tea Gown]] of 1899 shows "Watteau back" and frothy trim.
# [[:Image:Wiktor Elpidiforowitsch Borissow-Mussatow 002.jpg|Two women]] in Watteau-backed tea gowns with high sashed waists, 1899.

===Cartoons===
<gallery>
Image:Bloomer-Club-cigars-satire-p-adv054.JPG|Cigar box art
Image:Novelty in sleeves (Punch magazine cartoon 1895).jpg|Cartoon mocking sleeve designs suggesting that new styles could be modeled on cricket bats, hot air balloons, or tennis rackets.
Image:Ellimans-Universal-Embrocation-Slough-1897-Ad.png| 1897 advertisement showing woman with unskirted garments for bicycle riding
</gallery>

==Men's fashion==
[[Image:Pearce Bartlett.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Early 1890s fashion includes gray coat with covered buttons and matching waistcoat, dark trousers, short turnover shirt collar, and floppy bow tie. The short hair and pointed beard are typical. Portrait of [[Paul Wayland Bartlett]] by [[Charles Sprague Pearce|Pearce]], 1890]]

The overall silhouette of the 1890s was long, lean, and athletic.  Hair was generally worn short, often with a pointed beard and generous moustache.

===Coats, jackets, and trousers===
By the 1890s, the sack coat (UK lounge coat) was fast replacing the [[frock coat]] for most informal and semi-formal occasions.  Three-piece suits ("[[ditto suit]]s") consisting of a sack coat with matching [[waistcoat]] (U.S. ''vest'') and [[trousers]] were worn, as were matching coat and waistcoat with contrasting trousers. Contrasting waistcoats were popular, and could be made with or without collars and lapels.  The usual style was single-breasted.

The [[blazer]], a navy blue or brightly colored or striped [[flannel]] coat cut like a sack coat with patch pockets and brass buttons, was worn for sports, sailing, and other casual activities.

The [[Norfolk jacket]] remained fashionable for shooting and rugged outdoor pursuits. It was made of sturdy tweed or similar fabric and featured paired box pleats over the chest and back, with a fabric belt.  Worn with matching [[breeches]] (or U.S. [[Knickerbockers (clothing)|knickerbockers]]), it became the ''Norfolk suit'', suitable for bicycling or golf with knee-length stockings and low shoes, or for hunting with sturdy boots or shoes with leather [[gaiters]].

The cutaway [[morning coat]] was still worn for formal day occasions in Europe and major cities elsewhere.

The most formal [[Black tie|evening wear]] remained a dark tail coat and trousers with a dark or light waistcoat.  Evening wear was worn with a white bow tie and a shirt with a winged collar.

The less formal [[dinner jacket]] or [[tuxedo (clothing)|tuxedo]], which featured a shawl collar with silk or satin facings, now generally had a single button. Dinner jackets were appropriate formal wear when "dressing for dinner" at home or at a men's club.  The dinner jacket was worn with a white shirt and a dark tie.

Knee-length [[Overcoat|topcoats]], often with contrasting velvet or fur collars, and calf-length [[overcoat]]s were worn in winter.

===Shirts and neckties===
Shirt [[collar (clothing)|collars]] were turned over or pressed into "wings", and became taller through the decade.  Dress shirts had stiff fronts, sometimes decorated with [[shirt stud]]s and buttoned up the back.  Striped shirts were popular for informal occasions.

The usual [[necktie]] was a four-in-hand or an [[Ascot tie]], made up as a neckband with wide wings attached and worn with a stickpin, but the 1890s also saw the return of the [[bow tie]] (in various proportions) for day dress.

===Accessories===
As earlier in the century, [[top hat]]s remained a requirement for upper class formal wear; [[bowler hat|bowlers]] and soft felt hats in a variety of shapes were worn for more casual occasions, and flat straw [[boater (hat)|boaters]] were worn for yachting and at the seashore.

===Style gallery===
<gallery>
File:Filipino Ilustrados Jose Rizal Marcelo del Pilar Mariano Ponce.jpg|1 – 1890
File:Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931) - A Portrait of John Singer Sargent.jpg|2 – c. 1890
File:Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931) -John Singer Sargent(Standing).jpg|3 – c. 1890
File:Oscar Wilde 3.jpg|4 – 1890s
File:H Elles (1835-1910 (max res).jpg|5 – 1893
File:Frederick Law Olmsted.jpg|6 – 1895
File:Du Maurier Spy.jpg|7 – 1896
File:Tissot self detail.jpg|8 – 1898
File:William Beveridge at Balliol 1898, cropped.jpg|9 - 1898
</gallery>
# [[:File:Filipino Ilustrados Jose Rizal Marcelo del Pilar Mariano Ponce.jpg|Filipino]] [[Ilustrado|Ilustrados]] Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce in frock coats, 1890.
# [[:Image:Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931) - A Portrait of John Singer Sargent.jpg|Painter]] [[John Singer Sargent]] in formal evening clothes, c. 1890.
# [[:Image:Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931) -John Singer Sargent(Standing).jpg|Another portrait of Sargent]], in day dress: dark coat and waistcoat, dark red ascot, and tall collar, c. 1890.  This picture shows the long, lean silhouette in fashion at this time.
# [[Oscar Wilde]] wears a [[frock coat]] with a [[pocket square]], 1890s.
# [[:File:H_Elles_(1835-1910_(max_res).jpg|Three men]] wearing three-piece suits and [[bowler hat|bowlers]], 1893.
# [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] wears a tan topcoat over a gray suit, 1895.
# [[George du Maurier]] wears a double-breasted waistcoat with a shawl collar under his sack coat, with grey trousers.  He wears square-toed shoes with [[Spats (footwear)|spats]], 1896.
# [[:Image:Tissot self detail.jpg|Country clothes:]] [[James Tissot]] wears breeches and high boots with a reddish collared waistcoat and a brown coat.  Even with this casual outdoor costume, he wears a tie, 1898.
# [[:File:William Beveridge at Balliol 1898, cropped.jpg|College fashion]] includes a straw boater. [[William Beveridge]] at Balliol, 1898.
{{Clear}}

==Children's fashion==
<gallery>
File:Klas_van_Aagje_en_Jacob_Olie_Jacob_Olie_(max_res).jpg|Group of children, 1890
File:Dora by Kate Perugini.jpg|Girl with jump rope, 1892
Image:Chase William Merritt Ring Toss 1896.jpg|Girls, 1896
Image:TheLadiessWorldNovember1897page15.gif|Girls' fashions, 1897
Image:P S Krøyer 1897 - Døtrene Benzon.jpg|Girls, 1897
Image:Young girl I.jpg|A girl with a doll, 1898
File:Sigrid Juselius.jpg|Sigrid Juselius, 1898
</gallery>

==Working clothes==
<gallery>
File:XIT cowboys.jpg|Cowboys in Texas, 1891
File:Vallotton Die Kranke 1892 detail.png|Maid, 1892
Image:PUK1894p341.jpg|Townswoman and fisherwoman, 1894
Image:PUK1894page380rector_poor.jpg|Rector and drinker, 1894
</gallery>

==Notes==
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20130515132211/http://costume.osu.edu/exhibitions/reformingfashion/ Reforming Fashion 1850-1914]

==See also==
* [[Corset controversy]]
* [[Dress code]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}
* [[Janet Arnold|Arnold, Janet]]: ''Patterns of Fashion 2: Englishwomen's Dresses and Their Construction C.1860–1940'', Wace 1966, Macmillan 1972. Revised metric edition, Drama Books 1977. {{ISBN|0-89676-027-8}}
* Ashelford, Jane: ''The Art of Dress: Clothing and Society 1500–1914'', Abrams, 1996. {{ISBN|0-8109-6317-5}}
* Blanchard, Mary. "The American History Review: Boundaries and the Victorian Body: Aesthetic Fashion in Gilded Age America," Oxford University Press, 1995. Vol. 100, No. 1, pp.&nbsp;21–50
* Nunn, Joan: ''Fashion in Costume, 1200–2000,'' 2nd edition, A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd; Chicago: New Amsterdam Books, 2000. (Excerpts online at [http://www.victorianweb.org The Victorian Web])
* Payne, Blanche: ''History of Costume from the Ancient Egyptians to the 20th century'', Harper & Row, 1965. No ISBN for this edition; ASIN B0006BMNFS
* Norris, Herbert, and Oswald Curtis. ''19th Century Costume and Fashion'', Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, INC., 1998. 227–229.
* Steele, Valerie: ''Paris Fashion: A Cultural History'', Second Edition. New York: Berg, 1998. 175–176.
* Warner, Patricia. "When the girls came out to play: The birth of American sportswear" Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006. {{ISBN|1558495495}}, {{ISBN|1558495487}}

==External links==
* [http://blog.nyhistory.org/spring-fashion-circa-1890s/ Spring fashion, ca. 1890s | "From the Stacks" at New-York Historical Society]
* [http://www.fashion-era.com/ Fashion-era]
* [http://www.marquise.de/en/1800/index.shtml La Couturière Parisienne]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1894_16&pfad=1800 Dress with Leg o' Mutton sleeves]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1890_3&pfad=1800 1890s Dress]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1898_3&pfad=1800 Fitted Sleeves]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1899_1&pfad=1800 Trumpet-shaped skirts]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1895_11&pfad=1800 Bell-shaped skirt]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1895_21&pfad=1800 Tennis Dress]
** [http://www.marquise.de/database/dbout.php?name=1894_9&pfad=1800 Hourglass Corset]
* [http://www.corsetsandcrinolines.com Corsets and Crinolines]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928073653/http://www.corsetsandcrinolines.com/timelinepix/1900/warn4.jpg S Bend Corset]
* [http://www.victorianweb.org/art/costume/costumeov.html What Victorians Wore: An Overview of Victorian Costume]
* {{Cite web |publisher=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]] |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/page/0-9/19th-century-fashion/ |title=19th Century Women's Fashion |work=Fashion, Jewellery & Accessories |access-date=17 February 2014}}
* [https://statenisland.pastperfectonline.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&search_criteria=fashion+and+%22gilded+age%22&searchButton=Search 1890s Fashions in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database]
* [http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/search/collection/p15324coll12/searchterm/189*/field/title/mode/all/conn/and/order/nosort 1890s Fashion Plates of men, women, and children's fashion] from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries

{{Timeline of clothing and fashion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1890s In Fashion}}
[[Category:1890s fashion]]
[[Category:1890s|Fashion]]
[[Category:Gilded Age]]