View source for 1908

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1908}}
{{Events by month|1908}}
{{Multiple image
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| image1            = Chiesa delle Anime del Purgatorio(Raffaello Margarita, Andrea Suppa, Nicola Francesco Maffei) 2.jpg
| image2            = London 1908 Opening GBR.jpg
| image3            = Tunguska Ereignis-1.jpg
| image4            = L'attentat de Lisbonne (cropped).jpg
| image5            = Young Turks revolution in Prilepe.jpg
| image6            = 1910Ford-T.jpg
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| footer            = From top to bottom, left to right: The devastating [[1908 Messina earthquake]] strikes southern Italy, killing around 82,000 and leveling Messina and Reggio Calabria; the [[1908 Summer Olympics]] in London introduce standardized rules and the opening ceremony parade; the mysterious [[Tunguska event]] flattens over 2,000 square kilometers of Siberian forest, likely from a meteoroid airburst; the [[Lisbon Regicide]] sees King [[Carlos I of Portugal]] and his heir [[Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal|Luís Filipe]] assassinated, shocking the nation; the [[Young Turk Revolution]] forces Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II]] to restore the Ottoman constitution; and the [[Ford Model T]] begins mass production, revolutionizing global transportation.
}}
{{Year nav|1908}}
{{C20 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1908}} This is the longest year in either the Julian or Gregorian calendars, having a duration of 31622401.38 seconds of [[Terrestrial Time]] (or [[ephemeris time]]), measured according to the definition of mean [[solar time]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A]]|issn=0080-4614|last1=Stephenson|first1=F. R.|last2=Morrison|first2=L. V.|last3=Whitrow|first3=G. J.|year=1984|volume=313|issue=1524|pages=47–70|url=http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/313/1524/47.full.pdf+html|format=PDF|title=Long-Term Changes in the Rotation of the Earth: 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980|doi=10.1098/rsta.1984.0082|bibcode=1984RSPTA.313...47S|s2cid=120566848|accessdate=2012-05-24|archive-date=January 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105115927/http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/313/1524/47.full.pdf+html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

{{TOC limit|2}}

== Events ==

=== January ===
[[Image:Babynew.jpg|thumb| 1908 [[Baby New Year]] on the cover of ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]''.]][[File:WikiProject Scouting fleur-de-lis dark.svg|thumb|120px|January 24: [[Scouting|Boy Scout]] movement.]]
* [[January 1]] – The British [[Nimrod Expedition|''Nimrod'' Expedition]] led by [[Ernest Shackleton]] sets sail from New Zealand on the ''[[Nimrod (1867 ship)|Nimrod]]'' for Antarctica.
* [[January 3]] – A [[Solar eclipse of January 3, 1908|total solar eclipse]] is visible in the Pacific Ocean and is the 46th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 130]].
* [[January 13]] – A fire breaks out at the [[Rhoads Opera House fire|Rhoads Opera House]] in [[Boyertown, Pennsylvania]], killing 171 people.
* [[January 15]] – [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]], the  first race inclusive sorority is founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C.
* [[January 24]] – [[Robert Baden-Powell]]'s ''[[Scouting for Boys]]'' begins publication in London. The book eventually sells over 100 million copies, and effectively begins the worldwide [[Scouting|Boy Scout]] movement.

=== February ===
* [[February 1]] – [[Lisbon Regicide]]: King [[Carlos I of Portugal]] and [[Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal|Prince Luis Filipe]] are shot dead in [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1908-02-01 |title=Portuguese king and heir assassinated |url=https://www.history.co.uk/this-day-in-history/01-february/portuguese-king-and-heir-assassinated |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Sky HISTORY TV channel |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 3]] – [[Panathinaikos A.O.]], a well-known professional multi-sports club of [[Greece]], is founded in [[Athens]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&u=http://www.pao.gr/history/events%3Fid%3D156&prev=search|title=The Founding of Panathinaikos|website=Panathinaikos|access-date=29 April 2019|archive-date=January 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103092453/https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pao.gr%2Fhistory%2Fevents%3Fid%3D156&prev=search|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] – The first around-the-world car race, the [[1908 New York to Paris Race]], begins.
* [[February 18]] – [[Japanese Americans|Japanese emigration to the United States]] is forbidden, under terms of the [[Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907]].
* [[February 29]] – The State Normal and Industrial School for Women, precursor to [[James Madison University]], is founded in [[Harrisonburg, Virginia]].

=== March ===
* [[March]]
** A 40,000-year-old [[Neanderthal]] boy skeleton is found at [[Le Moustier]] in southwest France, by [[Otto Hauser]].
** [[Arthur Mee]]'s ''[[The Children's Encyclopædia]]'' begins publication in London.
* [[March 4]]
** The [[Pretoria]] branch of [[Transvaal University College]], precursor to the [[University of Pretoria]], is established.
** The [[Collinwood school fire]] near [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] kills 175.
** [[Bank of Communications]], a major [[financial services]] provider in [[China]], is founded in [[Beijing]],.

* [[March 9]] – [[Inter Milan|Football Club Internazionale]] is founded in [[Milan]], [[Italy]]
* [[March 23]] – American diplomat [[Durham Stevens]], an employee of Japan's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], is assassinated in [[San Francisco]] by two [[Korean Americans|Korean immigrant]]s, unhappy with his recent support for the increasing Japanese presence in Korea.
* [[March 27]] – The first [[Scouting|Scout troop]] outside the U.K. is formed in [[Gibraltar]].
* [[March 29]] – French aviator [[Henri Farman]] makes the world's first flight with a passenger, [[Léon Delagrange]].

=== April ===
* [[April 8]] – [[H. H. Asquith]] of the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] takes office as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], succeeding Sir [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Roy|author-link=Roy Jenkins|title=Asquith|edition=Third|year=1986|publisher=Collins|location=London|isbn=0002177129|pages=179–180|chapter=An Assured Succession 1908}}</ref>
* [[April 20]] – [[Sunshine rail disaster]]: A rear-end collision of two trains in [[Melbourne]], Australia kills 44 people and injures more than 400.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/goroke/wwm1908.htm |title=''Ballarat Genealogy'': Newspaper Report of the accident |publisher=ballaratgenealogy.org.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211154316/http://www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au/goroke/wwm1908.htm |archive-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref>
* [[April 21]] – [[Frederick Cook]] claims to have reached the [[North Pole]] on this date.

=== May ===
* [[May 14]]–[[October 31]] – The [[Franco-British Exhibition (1908)]] is held in London.
* [[May 26]] – At [[Masjed Soleyman]] in southwest [[Iran|Persia]], the first major commercial oil discovery in the Middle East is made. The rights to the resource are quickly acquired by the [[United Kingdom]].

=== June ===
* [[June 26]] – [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]], a future [[President of Finland]], meets the [[13th Dalai Lama]] in [[Shanxi]], [[China]], becoming only the third European to be granted an audience with him.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mannerheim tapasi Dalai-laman|url=https://www.kaleva.fi/mannerheim-tapasi-dalai-laman/2292812|access-date=2021-09-07|newspaper=[[Kaleva (newspaper)|Kaleva]] |language=fi}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] – An [[Solar eclipse of June 28, 1908|annular solar eclipse]] is visible from Central America, North America, Atlantic Ocean and Africa and is the 33rd solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 135]].
* [[June 29]] – Kohlerer-Bahn by [[Bleichert]] opens in [[Bolzano]], [[South Tyrol]], the first modern aerial enclosed [[Aerial lift|cable car]] solely for passenger service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kohlererbahn.it/eng/our-100-years.html|title=Our 100 Years|access-date=November 7, 2021|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210012205/https://www.kohlererbahn.it/eng/our-100-years.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 30]] (June 17 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – The [[Tunguska event]] or "Russian explosion" near the [[Podkamennaya Tunguska River]] in [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]], [[Siberia]], [[Russian Empire]], is believed to have been caused by the [[air burst]] of a large [[meteoroid]] or [[comet]] fragment, at an altitude of {{convert|5|–|10|km|0}} above the [[Earth]]'s surface.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pasechnik|first=I. P.|chapter=Refinement of the moment of explosion of the Tunguska meteorite from the seismic data|title=Cosmic Matter and the Earth|location=Novosibirsk|publisher=Nauka|year=1986|page=66|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farinella |first1=Paolo |last2=Foschini |first2=L. |last3=Froeschlé |first3=Christiane |last4=Gonczi |first4=R. |last5=Jopek |first5=T. J. |last6=Longo |first6=G. |last7=Michel |first7=Patrick |url=http://www-th.bo.infn.it/tunguska/aah2886.pdf |title=Probable asteroidal origin of the Tunguska Cosmic Body |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics|Astronomy & Astrophysics]] |volume=377 |pages=1081–1097 |year=2001 |issue=3 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20011054 |access-date=2011-08-23 |bibcode=2001A&A...377.1081F |doi-access=free |archive-date=October 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009172144/http://www-th.bo.infn.it/tunguska/aah2886.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Trayner|first=Chris|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1994Obs...114..227T/0000227.000.html|title=Perplexities of the Tunguska Meteorite|journal=[[The Observatory (journal)|The Observatory]]|volume=114|pages=227–231|year=1994|access-date=2011-08-23|bibcode=1994Obs...114..227T|archive-date=June 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620074218/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1994Obs...114..227T/0000227.000.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== July ===
[[File:Olympic games 1908 London.jpg|240px|thumbnail|right|July: [[1908 Summer Olympics]].]]
* [[July 1]] &ndash; {{overbar|[[SOS]]}} comes into force internationally as a [[distress signal]] (originally for ship-to-shore [[wireless telegraphy]]).<ref>{{citation|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103239133&view=1up&seq=36|title=Article XVI|work=Service Regulations annexed to the [[International Radiotelegraph Convention (1906)|International Radiotelegraph Convention]]|location=Berlin|date=1906-11-03|page=34|access-date=October 3, 2023|archive-date=November 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129104414/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103239133&view=1up&seq=36|url-status=live}}.</ref>
* [[July 3]] – [[Young Turk Revolution]] in the [[Ottoman Empire]]: Major Ahmed Niyazi, with 200 followers (Ottoman troops and civilians), begins an open revolution by defecting from the 3rd Army Corps in [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], decamping into the hill country.
* [[July 6]] – [[Robert Peary]] sets sail for the [[North Pole]].
* [[July 8]] – French aviator [[Léon Delagrange]] makes the world's first flight with a female passenger, his partner and fellow sculptor [[Thérèse Peltier]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Therese Peltier|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/women-in-aviation/Peltier.cfm|work=Women in aviation and space history|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=September 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929102614/https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/women-in-aviation/Peltier.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[July 11]]–[[July 12|12]] – The steamship ''Amalthea'', housing 80 British [[strikebreaker]]s in [[Malmö]] harbour, [[Sweden]], is bombed by [[Anton Nilson]]; 1 is killed, 20 injured.
* [[July 11]] – The Western University of Pennsylvania is renamed the [[University of Pittsburgh]].
* [[July 13]]–[[July 25|25]] – The [[1908 Summer Olympics]] are held in London. (Originally scheduled to be in Rome, but changed due to the Mount Vesuvius eruption of 1906.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> [[Figure skating at the 1908 Summer Olympics|Figure skating]] events are held in London from [[October 28]]–[[October 29|29]].)
* [[July 19]] – [[Feyenoord]], the first Dutch football club to [[1969–70 European Cup|win]] the [[UEFA Champions League]], is founded at [[Rotterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
* [[July 23]] – [[Young Turk Revolution]]: The [[Committee of Union and Progress]] (CUP) issues a formal ultimatum to [[Abdul Hamid II|Sultan Abdul Hamid II]], to restore the constitution of [[1876]] within the [[Ottoman Empire]]; it is restored the following day.
* [[July 24]] – Italian [[Dorando Pietri]] wins the Olympic [[marathon]] (run from [[Windsor Castle]] to London) in one of the most dramatic arrivals in Olympic history, only to be disqualified soon afterwards for receiving assistance; victory is awarded to Irish-American [[Johnny Hayes]].
* [[July 26]] – The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] is founded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bureau of Investigation Begins Operation {{!}} EBSCO Research Starters |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/bureau-investigation-begins-operation |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=www.ebsco.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 27]]–[[July 28|28]] – The [[1908 Hong Kong typhoon]] sinks the passenger steamer ''Ying King'', causing 421 deaths.

=== August ===
* [[August 8]] 
** [[Wilbur Wright]] flies in France for the first time, demonstrating controlled powered flight in Europe.
** [[The Hoover Company]] of [[Canton, Ohio]], acquires manufacturing rights to the upright portable [[vacuum cleaner]] [[patent]]ed on June 22 by [[James M. Spangler]].
* [[August 17]] – “[[Fantasmagorie (film)|Fantasmagorie]]”, an [[Animation|animated]] [[short film]] by [[Émile Cohl]], which is widely regarded as the first [[Cartoon|animated cartoon]] is officially released.
* [[August 24]] – After an intense power struggle, Sultan [[Abdelaziz of Morocco]] is deposed and is succeeded by his brother [[Abd al-Hafid of Morocco|Abd al-Hafid]].
* [[August 28]] – American Messenger Company, predecessor of [[United Parcel Service]], is founded in [[Washington (state)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=American Messenger Service, forerunner of UPS, begins in a saloon in Seattle's Pioneer Square on August 28, 1907|publisher=HistoryLink.org|url=https://www.historylink.org/File/2089|access-date=2023-02-15|website=www.historylink.org|archive-date=February 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215220910/https://www.historylink.org/File/2089|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] – The Great Storm of 1908 starts to pound the [[Bristol Channel]], lasting into the morning of September 2.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/webarchive/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fwales%2Fentries%2F5ad4c6e6-91ff-3c7f-b663-fc3b5bc913b7 |title=BBC Blogs – Wales – The great storm of 1908<!-- Bot generated title --> |date=August 31, 2010 |access-date=July 17, 2019 |archive-date=July 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727115944/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/5ad4c6e6-91ff-3c7f-b663-fc3b5bc913b7 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== September ===
* [[September 10]] – The first [[Minas Geraes-class battleship|''Minas Geraes''-class]] [[Dreadnought]] [[battleship]] for [[Brazil]], ''[[Brazilian battleship Minas Geraes|Minas Geraes]]'', is launched at [[Armstrong Whitworth]]'s yard on the [[River Tyne]] in England, catalysing the "[[South American dreadnought race]]".
* [[September 17]] – At [[Fort Myer]], [[Virginia]], [[Thomas Selfridge]] becomes the first person to die in an airplane crash. The pilot, [[Orville Wright]], is severely injured in the crash but recovers.
* [[September 28]] – Classes begin at [[Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology]] in [[Boston]], Massachusetts, established under the terms of Franklin's will.

=== October ===
[[File:1908 Ford Model T.jpg|thumb|right|October 1: [[Ford Model T]] launch.]]
* [[October 1]]
** Official launch of [[Henry Ford]]'s [[Ford Model T]] automobile, the first having left the [[Ford Piquette Avenue Plant]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], on September 27.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Model T Facts|url=https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2013/08/05/model-t-facts.html|publisher=Ford|location=US|access-date=2013-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928165026/https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2013/08/05/model-t-facts.html|archive-date=2013-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> The initial price is set at US$850.<ref>Approximately $21,597 in 2017, when adjusted for inflation.</ref>
** [[Penny Post]] is established between the [[United Kingdom]] and [[United States]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Blake|title=The Book of Postal Dates, 1635–1985|location=Caterham|publisher=Marden|page=20}}</ref>
* [[October 5]]
** [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] declares its independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]; [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria]] becomes [[Tsar]].
** ''[[The Melting Pot (play)|The Melting Pot]]'', a play by [[Israel Zangwill]], opens in Washington, D.C.  The title quickly becomes a widely used symbol for assimilation of immigrants to the United States.
* [[October 6]] – The [[Bosnian crisis]] begins, after the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] annexes [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] from the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[October 8]] – The University of Omaha, precursor of the [[University of Nebraska Omaha]], is founded as a private non-sectarian college.
* [[October 14]] – The [[Chicago Cubs]] beat the [[Detroit Tigers]] in the [[1908 World Series]] in baseball. The Cubs would not win another [[World Series]] for 108 years.
* [[October 29]] – [[Olivetti]], the well-known [[typewriter]] and business equipment company, is founded in [[Italy]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arrigo |first=Elisa |date=2003 |title=Corporate Responsibility in Scarcity Economy: The Olivetti Case |url=https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=701020068111101099089112090065116106050051026007034010028118065074115020099103088074052006096099098123062120083118077102126015121051066022058093075112026004001099080025003000086074065112076104000095076116006102107023109012000105020101090022021025001090&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE |journal=Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management |volume=1 |pages=114–134 |via=SSRN}}</ref>

=== November ===
* [[November 3]] – [[1908 United States presidential election]]: Republican candidate [[William Howard Taft]] defeats [[William Jennings Bryan]], 321 electoral votes to 162.
* [[November 6]] – Western bandits [[Butch Cassidy]] and the [[Sundance Kid]] are supposedly killed in [[Bolivia]], after being surrounded by a large group of soldiers. There are many rumors to the contrary however, and their grave sites are unmarked.
* [[November 15]] – King [[Leopold II of Belgium]] formally relinquishes his personal control of the [[Congo Free State]] (becoming [[Belgian Congo]]) to Belgium, following evidence collected by [[Roger Casement]] of maladministration.
* [[November 19]] – [[Women's suffrage]] is passed in [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], Australia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vincent |first=Benjamin |title=Haydn's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |year=1911 |edition=25th |pages=1473}}</ref>
* [[November 25]]
** ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' newspaper is first published, in the United States.
** A fire breaks out on {{SS|Sardinia|1888|6}} as it leaves Malta's [[Grand Harbour]], resulting in the ship's grounding and the deaths of at least 118 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulf of Corcovado |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |website=Tyne Built Ships |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708121648/http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |archive-date=8 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== December ===
* [[December 2]] – Young [[Emperor of China|Emperor]] [[Puyi]] ascends the Chinese throne at age 2.
* [[December 16]] – Construction begins on the {{RMS|Olympic}}, at the [[Harland and Wolff]] Shipyard in [[Belfast]].
* [[December 23]] – A [[Solar eclipse of December 23, 1908|hybrid solar eclipse]] is visible from Atlantic Ocean and is the 23rd solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 140]].
* [[December 28]] – The 7.1 {{M|w}} [[1908 Messina earthquake|Messina earthquake]] shakes [[Southern Italy]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''), killing between 75,000 and 200,000.

=== Undated ===
* This is the coldest recorded year since [[1880]], according to [[NASA]] reports.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/|title=Data.GISS: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4)|website=data.giss.nasa.gov|access-date=January 23, 2016|archive-date=May 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517042108/https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Births ==
{{BDToC|births}}

=== January ===
<!--[[File:Simone de Beauvoir2.png|thumb|100px|[[Simone de Beauvoir]]]]-->
[[File:EdwardTeller1958 fewer smudges.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Edward Teller]]]]
* [[January 8]]
**[[William Hartnell]], British actor (died [[1975]])
**[[Fearless Nadia]] (Mary Evans), Indian actress (died [[1996]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Simone de Beauvoir]], French feminist writer (died [[1986]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Terry Keefe|title=Simone De Beauvoir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WE1dDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|date=20 April 1998|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-349-26390-5|pages=2|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807135944/https://books.google.com/books?id=WE1dDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[January 10]] – [[Paul Henreid]], Austrian-born American actor (died [[1992]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Jean Delannoy]], French film director (died [[2008]])
* [[January 15]] – [[Edward Teller]], Hungarian-born physicist (died [[2003]])
* [[January 16]]
** [[Günther Prien]], German submarine commander (died [[1941]])
** [[Ethel Merman]], American singer and actress (died [[1984]])
* [[January 22]] – [[Lev Landau]], Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died [[1968]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Stéphane Grappelli]], French jazz violinist and composer (died [[1997]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Raymond Horricks|title=Stephane Grappelli|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UdLAAAAYAAJ|date=21 August 1985|publisher=Da Capo Press|isbn=978-0-306-80257-7|page=8|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807194130/https://books.google.com/books?id=1UdLAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== February ===
<!--[[File:Buster Crabbe - publicity.GIF|thumb|100px|[[Buster Crabbe]]]]-->
[[File:William McMahon 1972 b&w.jpg|thumb|100px|[[William McMahon|Sir William McMahon]]]]
* [[February 1]] – [[George Pal]], Hungarian-born American animator (died [[1980]])
** [[February 5]] 
**[[Peg Entwistle]], Welsh actress (died [[1932]])
**[[Edie Ceccarelli]], American supercentenarian (died [[2024]])
* [[February 6]]
** [[Amintore Fanfani]], 32nd Prime Minister of Italy (died [[1999]])
** [[Russell Gleason]], American actor (d. [[1945]])
** [[Michael Maltese]], American screenwriter (died [[1981]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Buster Crabbe]], American swimmer, actor (died [[1983]])
* [[February 11]]
** [[Pierre Hornus]], French footballer ( died [[1995]])
** [[Vivian Fuchs]], English geologist, explorer (died [[1999]])
* [[February 17]] – [[Bo Yibo]], Chinese politician (died [[2007]])
* [[February 19]] – [[Qin Hanzhang]], Chinese engineer (died [[2019]])
* [[February 22]]
** [[Rómulo Betancourt]], [[President of Venezuela]] (died [[1981]])
** [[John Mills]], English actor (died [[2005]])<ref>{{cite web |title=John Mills |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba03e6cbb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511175742/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba03e6cbb |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 11, 2016 |website=BFI |access-date=23 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 23]] – [[William McMahon|Sir William McMahon]], 20th Prime Minister of Australia (died [[1988]])
* [[February 26]]
** [[Tex Avery]], American cartoonist (died [[1980]])
** [[Nestor Mesta Chayres]], Mexican operatic tenor and bolero vocalist (died [[1971]])
** [[Jean-Pierre Wimille]], French racing driver (died [[1949]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; Herbert Wiere, Austrian-born American [[slapstick]] comedian, member of the [[Wiere Brothers]] (died [[1999]])
* [[February 29]] – [[Balthus]], French painter (died [[2001]])

=== March ===
[[File:Rex Harrison Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rex Harrison]]]]
* [[March 2]] – [[Walter Bruch]], German engineer (died [[1990]])
* [[March 5]] – [[Rex Harrison]], English actor (died 1990)
* [[March 7]] – [[Anna Magnani]], Italian actress (died [[1973]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Ed Heinemann]], American aircraft designer (died [[1991]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Brigitte Helm]], German film actress (died [[1996]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Ivor Moreton]], British singer and pianist (died 1984)
* [[March 20]] – [[Michael Redgrave]], English actor (died [[1985]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Louis L'Amour]], American author (died [[1988]])
* [[March 25]] – [[David Lean]], English film director (died [[1991]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Arthur O'Connell]], American actor (died [[1981]])

=== April ===
[[File:Bette Davis 1933.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Bette Davis]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S47421, Herbert von Karajan.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Herbert von Karajan]]]]
* [[April 1]] – [[Abraham Maslow]], American psychologist (died [[1970]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert B. Ewen|title=Personality: A Topical Approach – Theories, Research, Major Controversies, and Emerging Findings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=os_JxNycXHIC&pg=PA24|date=March 1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-8058-3146-7|pages=24|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807195540/https://books.google.com/books?id=os_JxNycXHIC&pg=PA24|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[April 2]] – [[Buddy Ebsen]], American actor and dancer (died [[2003]])
* [[April 5]]
** [[Bette Davis]], American actress (died [[1989]])
** [[Herbert von Karajan]], Austrian conductor (died [[1989]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Percy Faith]], Canadian-born American composer, musician (died [[1976]])
* [[April 9]] – [[Paula Nenette Pepin]], French composer, pianist and lyricist (died [[1990]])
* [[April 11]]
** [[Masaru Ibuka]], Japanese electronics industrialist (died [[1997]])
** [[Dan Maskell]], British tennis coach, commentator (died [[1992]])
* [[April 12]] – [[Carlos Lleras Restrepo]], President of Colombia (died [[1994]])
* [[April 15]] – [[Lita Grey]], American actress (died [[1995]])
* [[April 20]] – [[Lionel Hampton]], African-American musician and bandleader (died [[2002]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Józef Gosławski (sculptor)|Józef Gosławski]], Polish sculptor, medallic artist (died [[1963]])
* [[April 25]] – [[Edward R. Murrow]], American journalist (died [[1965]])
* [[April 26]] – [[Fred Phillips (makeup artist)|Fred Phillips]], American [[make-up artist]] (died [[1993]])
* [[April 28]] – [[Oskar Schindler]], Austro-Hungarian (Sudeten German) industrialist (died [[1974]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Jack Williamson]], American science fiction author (died [[2006]])
* [[April 30]]
** [[Eve Arden]], American actress (died [[1990]])
** [[Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908)|Bjarni Benediktsson]], Icelandic prime minister (died [[1970]])

=== May ===
[[File:Arturo de Córdova postcard photo.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Arturo de Córdova]]]]
[[File:Annex - Stewart, James (Call Northside 777) 01.jpg|thumb|100px|[[James Stewart]]]]
<!--[[File:Bardeen.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John Bardeen]]]]-->
[[File:Mel Blanc - 1959.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Mel Blanc]]]]
* [[May 1]] – [[Krystyna Skarbek]], Polish-born World War II heroine (died [[1952]])
* [[May 5]] – [[Kurt Böhme]], German bass (died [[1989]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Max Grundig]], German inventor, industrialist (died [[1989]])
* [[May 8]] 
**[[Arturo de Córdova]], Mexican actor (died [[1973]])
**[[Leo Sternbach]], Polish-American chemist (d. [[2005]])<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)67588-5/fulltext | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67588-5 | title=Leo H Sternbach | date=2005 | last1=Oransky | first1=Ivan | journal=The Lancet | volume=366 | issue=9495 | page=1430 }}</ref>
* [[May 15]] – [[Joe Grant]], American caricaturist, character designer, concept artist, screenwriter and storyboard artist (died [[2005]])
* [[May 17]] – [[Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub]], Sudanese author, 6th [[Prime Minister of Sudan]] (died [[1976]])
* [[May 19]] – [[Percy Williams (sprinter)|Percy Williams]], Canadian athlete (died [[1982]])<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite book|author=Roberto Quercetani|title=A World History of Track and Field Athletics, 1864–1964|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfeBAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=xxv|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807074433/https://books.google.com/books?id=jfeBAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 20]] – [[James Stewart]], American actor (died [[1997]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Allan Hunter|title=James Stewart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4FZAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Spellmount|isbn=978-0-946771-81-3|page=13|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807202441/https://books.google.com/books?id=V4FZAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 23]]
** [[John Bardeen]], American physicist, twice awarded the Nobel Prize (died [[1991]])
** [[Hélène Boucher]], French aviator (died [[1934]])
** [[Tomiko Itooka]], Japanese supercentenarian (died [[2024]])<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-08-20 |title=World's oldest person dies in Spain at 117, says family |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2024/0820/1465828-maria-branyas-morera/ |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] – [[Theodore Roethke]], American poet (died [[1963]])
* [[May 26]] 
** [[Robert Morley]], British actor (died [[1992]])
** [[Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ]], 1st Prime Minister of South Vietnam (died [[1976]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Ian Fleming]], English novelist (died [[1964]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Druce|title=This Day Our Daily Fictions: An Enquiry Into the Multi-million Bestseller Status of Enid Blyton and Ian Fleming|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlctAAAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-5183-401-7|page=46|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807135945/https://books.google.com/books?id=DlctAAAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 30]]
** [[Hannes Alfvén]], Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died [[1995]])
** [[Mel Blanc]], American voice actor (died [[1989]])
* [[May 31]] – [[Don Ameche]], American actor (died [[1993]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-don-ameche-1466097.html|title=Don Ameche|date=October 23, 2011|website=The Independent|author=David Shipman|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807204303/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-don-ameche-1466097.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== June ===
[[File:Salvador Allende Gossens-.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Salvador Allende]]]]
<!--[[File:Estrellita Castro.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Estrellita Castro]]]]-->
* [[June 4]] – [[Geli Raubal]], Austrian relative of [[Adolf Hitler]] (died [[1931]])
* [[June 8]] – [[Inah Canabarro Lucas]], Brazilian nun and supercentenarian (died [[2025]])
* [[June 11]] – [[Francisco Marto]], Portuguese saint (died [[1919]])
* [[June 12]] – [[Marina Semyonova]], Russian ballerina (died [[2010]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Yun Bong-gil]], Korean resister against the Japanese occupation of Korea (died [[1932]])
* [[June 24]]
** [[Hugo Distler]], German composer (died [[1942]])
** [[Alfons Rebane]], Estonian military commander (died [[1976]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Willard Van Orman Quine]], American philosopher, academic (died [[2000]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John R. Shook|title=Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&pg=PA1983|date=1 January 2005|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-84371-037-0|pages=1983|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807195540/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&pg=PA1983|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 26]] 
** [[Salvador Allende]], [[President of Chile]] (died [[1973]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Salvador Allende Gossens|title=Salvador Allende: English and Spanish Texts of His Political Platform, the Program of the Popular Front, and His Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OalxAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Editorial Ardilla|page=53|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807195928/https://books.google.com/books?id=OalxAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Estrellita Castro]], Spanish singer and actress (died [[1983]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Leroy Anderson]], American composer (died [[1975]])

=== July ===
[[File:Lupe Vélez in 1941.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lupe Vélez]]]]
* [[July 1]] – [[Luis Regueiro]], Spanish footballer (died [[1995]])<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zamora|first1=Gerson|title=El Equipo de Futbol Euzkadi en Mexico, biographical section|url=http://132.248.9.195/ptb2010/mayo/0658338/0658338_A1.pdf|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico|access-date=7 August 2021|archive-date=January 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123153643/http://132.248.9.195/ptb2010/mayo/0658338/0658338_A1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[July 2]] – [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (died [[1993]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Randall Walton Bland|author2=Randall W Bland, PH D|title=Justice Thurgood Marshall: Crusader for Liberalism : His Judicial Biography, 1908–1993|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NEAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Academica Press|isbn=978-1-930901-23-0|page=2|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807204306/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NEAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[July 5]] – [[Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)|Henri of Orléans, Count of Paris]], Orléanist claimant to the throne of France (died [[1999]])
* [[July 8]] – [[Kaii Higashiyama]], Japanese painter and writer (died [[1999]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaii Higashiyama |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920941 |website=Olmepedia |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-date=October 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025191129/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920941 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 12]] 
** [[Alois Hudec]], Czechoslovak gymnast, Olympic champion (died [[1997]])
** [[Milton Berle]], American comedian (died [[2002]])
* [[July 13]] – [[Garfield Todd]], 5th Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia (died [[2002]])
* [[July 17]] – [[Mohammad Natsir]], Indonesian scholar and politician; 5th Prime Minister of Indonesia (died [[1993]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Lupe Vélez]], Mexican actress, dancer and singer (died [[1944]])
* [[July 23]] – [[Karl Swenson]], American actor (died [[1978]])

=== August ===
[[File:Harold Holt 1965 01.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Harold Holt]]]]
<!--[[File:Edgar Faure 1955.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Edgar Faure]]]]-->
[[File:Don Bradman 1930.jpg|thumb|100px|Sir [[Don Bradman]]]]
[[File:Lyndon B. Johnson, photo portrait, color (3x4 cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lyndon B. Johnson]]]]
* [[August 4]] – [[Kurt Eichhorn]], German conductor (died [[1994]])
* [[August 5]] – [[Harold Holt]], 17th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (died [[1967]])
* [[August 6]] – [[Helen Jacobs]], American tennis player and commander (died 1997)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/helen-hull-jacobs|title=International Tennis Hall of Fame|website=www.tennisfame.com|access-date=September 22, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235728/https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/inductees/helen-hull-jacobs|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 8]]
** [[Arthur Goldberg]], American politician, diplomat and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (died [[1990]])
** [[Chivu Stoica]], 48th [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (died [[1975]])
* [[August 10]] – [[Lauri Lehtinen]], Finnish Olympic athlete (died [[1973]])<ref name="Jukola1932">{{cite book|author=Martti Jukola|title=Athletics in Finland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2zEFAAAAMAAJ|year=1932|publisher=W. Söderström osakeyhtiö, Porvoo|page=71|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807161515/https://books.google.com/books?id=2zEFAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 13]] – [[Gene Raymond]], American actor (died [[1998]])
* [[August 18]] – [[Edgar Faure]], 2-time [[Prime Minister of France]] (died [[1988]])
* [[August 21]]
** [[M. M. Kaye]], British writer (died [[2004]])
** [[Tom Tully]], American actor (died [[1982]])
* [[August 22]] – [[Henri Cartier-Bresson]], French photographer (died [[2004]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=André Pieyre de Mandiargues|author2=Henri Cartier-Bresson|author3=Ferdinando Scianna|title=Henri Cartier-Bresson: Portraits|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obHbAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Collins|isbn=978-0-00-411947-2|page=51|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807204303/https://books.google.com/books?id=obHbAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 27]]
** [[Donald Bradman]], Australian cricketer (died [[2001]])
** [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], 36th [[President of the United States]] (died [[1973]])
* [[August 28]] – [[Robert Merle]], French writer (died [[2004]])
* [[August 30]]
** [[Leonor Fini]], Argentine artist (died 1996)
** [[Fred MacMurray]], American actor (died [[1991]])
* [[August 31]] – [[William Saroyan]], American writer (died [[1981]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Elizabeth H. Oakes|title=American Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Lb0zPJcYOwC&pg=PA303|year=2004|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0809-4|pages=303|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807194033/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Lb0zPJcYOwC&pg=PA303|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== September===
[[File:Richard Wright.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]]]]
* [[September 2]] 
** [[Ruth Bancroft]], American landscape and garden designer (d. [[2017]])
** [[Dorothea Leighton]], American social psychiatrist, founder of the field of medical anthropology (died [[1989]])
* [[September 3]] – [[Lev Pontryagin]], Russian mathematician (died [[1988]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Yakov Sinai|title=Russian Mathematicians In The 20th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFHVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA345|date=8 October 2003|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4492-55-3|pages=345|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=July 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703170901/https://books.google.com/books?id=vFHVCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA345|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] – [[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]], African-American author (died [[1960]])
* [[September 5]]
** [[Ahmed Balafrej]], Moroccan politician, Foreign Minister and 2nd [[Prime Minister of Morocco]] (died [[1990]])
** [[Cecilia Seghizzi]], Italian composer, painter (died [[2019]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Michael E. DeBakey]], American surgeon, medical researcher (died [[2008]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Mae Questel]], American actress (died [[1998]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Mark Christopher Carnes|title=American National Biography: Supplement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZczV8ZxgL4C&pg=PA454|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-522202-9|pages=454|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807165730/https://books.google.com/books?id=wZczV8ZxgL4C&pg=PA454|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] – [[Viktor Ambartsumian]], Soviet Armenian scientist (died [[1996]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Contemporary Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xiMbAQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Allerton Press|page=43|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807204303/https://books.google.com/books?id=xiMbAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[September 19]] – [[Mika Waltari]], Finnish author (died [[1979]])<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mika-Waltari Mika Waltari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160315/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mika-Waltari |date=January 26, 2021 }} at the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref>
* [[September 20]] – [[Alexander Mitscherlich (psychologist)|Alexander Mitscherlich]], German psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (died [[1982]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Charles Upham]], New Zealand soldier, twice winner of the [[Victoria Cross]] (died [[1994]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Sandford |first=Kenneth |title=Mark of the Lion: The Story of Capt. Charles Upham, V.C. and Bar |publisher=Arrow |year=1990 |isbn=0-09-964430-4 |location=London |orig-year=1962}}</ref>
* [[September 25]] – [[Eugen Suchoň]], Slovak composer (died [[1993]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Eddie Tolan]], American athlete (died [[1967]])<ref name=autogenerated1 />
* [[September 30]] – [[David Oistrakh]], Ukrainian-born violinist (died [[1974]])

=== October===
[[File:Carole Lombard 1940.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Carole Lombard]]]]
[[File:Baek Du-jin.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Baek Du-jin]]]]
[[File:John Kenneth Galbraith 1982.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John Kenneth Galbraith]]]]
[[File:Enver Hoxha (portret).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Enver Hoxha]]]]
* [[October 6]] – [[Carole Lombard]], American actress (d. [[1942]])
* [[October 7]] – [[Baek Du-jin]], Korean politician, 4th [[Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea]] ([[South Korea]]) (d. [[1993]])
* [[October 15]] – [[John Kenneth Galbraith]], Canadian economist (died [[2006]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Enver Hoxha]], Albanian communist dictator (d. [[1985]])
* [[October 21]] – [[Jorge Oteiza]], Spanish painter and sculptor (d. [[2003]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Ilya Frank]], Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. [[1990]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Lee Krasner]], American painter (d. [[1984]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Arturo Frondizi]], 35th [[President of Argentina]] (d. [[1995]])
* [[October 30]] – [[Dmitriy Ustinov]], Soviet Army officer, Minister of Defense (d. [[1984]])

=== November===
* [[November 3]] – [[Giovanni Leone]], 68th [[Prime Minister of Italy]], 6th [[President of Italy]] (died [[2001]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Joseph Rotblat]], Polish physicist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (died [[2005]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Joseph McCarthy]], American politician (died [[1957]])
* [[November 16]] – [[Emmanuelle Cinquin]], French religious sister (died [[2008]])
* [[November 18]] – [[Imogene Coca]], American actress (died 2001)
* [[November 20]] – [[Alistair Cooke]], English-born American journalist (died [[2004]])
* [[November 28]] – [[Claude Lévi-Strauss]], Belgian-born French anthropologist (died [[2009]])

=== December===
[[File:Simon Wiesenthal (1982).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Simon Wiesenthal]]]]
* [[December 4]] – [[Alfred Hershey]], American bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died [[1997]])
* [[December 6]] – [[Baby Face Nelson]], American gangster (died [[1934]]) 
* [[December 9]] – [[Aden Adde]], 1st president of Somalia (died 2007)
* [[December 10]] – [[Olivier Messiaen]], French composer (died [[1992]])
* [[December 11]]
** [[Carlos Arias Navarro]], Spanish politician, [[President of the Republic (Spain)|President of Spain]] (died [[1989]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Arias Navarro {{!}} prime minister of Spain {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carlos-Arias-Navarro |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=19 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=April 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416120804/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carlos-Arias-Navarro |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Elliott Carter]], American composer (died [[2012]])
** [[Manoel de Oliveira]], Portuguese film director and screenwriter (died [[2015]])
** [[Hákun Djurhuus]], 4th [[Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands]] (died [[1987]])
** [[Alfred Proksch]], Austrian Olympic athlete (died [[2011]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Karl Strute|author2=Theodor Doelken|title=Who's who in Austria: 1982–1983 : a Biographical Encyclopedia of the International Red Series Containing Some 5.500 Biographies of Prominent Living Personalities in Austria...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zH5mAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Who's Who|isbn=978-3-921220-44-3|page=593|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807204305/https://books.google.com/books?id=zH5mAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[December 14]] 
**[[Doria Shafik]], Egyptian feminist, poet, writer and editor (d. [[1975]])<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-22 |title=Overlooked No More: Doria Shafik, Who Led Egypt's Women's Liberation Movement |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/22/obituaries/doria-shafik-overlooked.html |access-date=2023-02-16 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212105553/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/22/obituaries/doria-shafik-overlooked.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
**[[Laurence Naismith]], English actor (died [[1992]])
* [[December 16]] – [[Hans Schaffner]], 69th [[President of Switzerland]] (died [[2004]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Willard Libby]], American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died [[1980]])
* [[December 25]] – [[Quentin Crisp]], British actor (died [[1999]])
* [[December 28]] – [[Lew Ayres]], American actor (died [[1996]])
* [[December 31]] – [[Simon Wiesenthal]], Austrian Nazi-hunter (died [[2005]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Frank Northen Magill|title=Great Lives from History: Rou-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKMrAQAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Salem Press|isbn=978-0-89356-570-1|page=2457|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807204304/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKMrAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* [[Takieddin el-Solh]], 2-Time [[Prime Minister of Lebanon]] (died [[1988]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/30/obituaries/takieddin-solh-ex-lebanese-premier-80.html|title=Takieddin Solh, Ex-Lebanese Premier, 80|date=November 30, 1988|website=New York Times|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709231248/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/30/obituaries/takieddin-solh-ex-lebanese-premier-80.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Suleiman Nabulsi]], 12th [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] (died [[1976]])

== Deaths ==
=== January–March ===
[[File:Wilhelm Busch.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Wilhelm Busch]]]]
[[File:Carlos I de Portugal.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Carlos I of Portugal]]]]
[[File:Picture of Henry Campbell-Bannerman.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]]]]
[[File:HIH Yamashina Kikumaro on Yagumo.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Prince Yamashina Kikumaro]]]]
[[File:StephenGroverCleveland.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Grover Cleveland]]]]
* [[January 9]] – [[Wilhelm Busch]], German painter, poet (born [[1832]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Lotze | first = Dieter | title = Wilhelm Busch | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | year = 1979 | isbn = 9780805763652 | page=21}}</ref>
* [[January 14]] – [[Holger Drachmann]], Danish poet (born [[1846]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Literary Year-book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1PAAAAMAAJ|year=1909|publisher=G. Routledge|page=384|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807150331/https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1PAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[January 17]] – [[Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (born [[1835]])
* [[January 20]] – [[William Wood (ventriloquist)|William Wood]], American ventriloquist (born c. 1861)
* [[January 23]] – [[Edward MacDowell]], American composer (born [[1860]])
* [[January 25]] – [[Ouida]], English writer (born [[1839]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Cosmopolis History of The Langham|date=February 5, 2004|url=http://www.cosmopolis.ch/travel/the_langham_london.htm|access-date=20 October 2010}}</ref>
* [[February 1]]
** King [[Carlos I of Portugal]] (born [[1863]])
** [[Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal]] (born [[1887]])
* [[February 17]]
** [[Annie Ryder Gracey]], American missionary (born [[1836]])
** [[Baron Ignaz von Plener]], 3rd Minister-President of Cisleithania (born [[1810]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Eliza A. Pittsinger]], "The California Poetess" (born [[1837]])
* [[February 29]]
** [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow]], 1st Governor-General of Australia (born [[1860]])
** [[Pat Garrett]], Sheriff in the Old West; shot [[Billy the Kid]] in 1881 (born [[1850]])
* [[March 3]] – [[Sidney Hill]], English philanthropist (born [[1829]])
* [[March 11]] – [[Edmondo De Amicis]], Italian novelist (born [[1846]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Louise Restieaux Hawkes|title=Before and After Pinocchio: A Study of Italian Children's Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkA0AAAAMAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Puppet Press|page=88|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807150335/https://books.google.com/books?id=tkA0AAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[March 27]] – [[Charles N. Sims]], American Methodist preacher, third chancellor of [[Syracuse University]] (born [[1835]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Esther Pugh]], American temperance reformer (born [[1834]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Chester Gillette]], American murderer (executed) (born [[1883]])

=== April–June ===
* [[April 20]] – [[Henry Chadwick (writer)|Henry Chadwick]], English-born American baseball writer (born [[1824]])
* [[April 22]]
** [[Qasim Amin]], Egyptian writer (born [[1863]])
** [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman|Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (born [[1836]])
* [[April 26]] – [[Karl Möbius]], German ecologist (born [[1825]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Redi | first = Carlo | title = Visual zoology: the Pavia collection of Leuckart's zoological wall charts (1877 | publisher = Ibis | location = Como | year = 2000 | isbn = 9788871641300 | page=69}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] – [[Prince Yamashina Kikumaro]], Japanese prince (born [[1873]])
* [[May 17]] – [[Carl Koldewey]], German explorer (born [[1837]])<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary|journal=The Geographical Journal|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|year=1908|page=191}}</ref>
* [[May 23]] – [[François Coppée]], French poet, playwright and novelist (born [[1842]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Parker|title=Who's who in the Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7tZAAAAYAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Pitman|page=1609|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=April 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415004207/https://books.google.com/books?id=M7tZAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[May 24]] – [[Old Tom Morris]], Scottish golfer (born [[1821]])
* [[May 26]] – [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], Sikh Empire-born founder of the [[Ahmadiyya]] movement in Islam (born [[1835]])
* [[June 2]] – [[Redvers Buller|Sir Redvers Buller]], British general, Victoria Cross recipient (born [[1839]])
* [[June 5]] – [[Jef Lambeaux]], Belgian sculptor (born [[1852]])
* [[June 9]] – [[Drusilla Wilson]], American temperance leader and Quaker pastor (born [[1815]])
* [[June 14]] – [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby]], Governor-General of Canada, founder of the Stanley Cup (born [[1841]])
* [[June 20]]
** [[Federico Chueca]], Spanish composer (born [[1846]])
** [[Eleanor Kirk]], American publisher (born [[1831]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]], Russian composer (born [[1844]])
* [[June 24]] – [[Grover Cleveland]], 22nd and 24th [[President of the United States]] (born [[1837]])

=== July–September ===
[[File:Demetrius Vikelas.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Demetrius Vikelas]]]]
[[File:Paul Nadar - Henri Becquerel.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Henri Becquerel]]]]
[[File:Jan Berther.JPG|thumb|110px|Servant of God [[John Berthier]]]]
[[File:Tomas estrada palma.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Tomás Estrada Palma]]]]
[[File:Emperor Guangxu.jpg|thumb|110px|Emperor [[Guangxu]] of [[Qing dynasty|China]]]]
* [[July 3]] – [[Joel Chandler Harris]], American author (born [[1848]])
* [[July 5]] – [[Jonas Lie (writer)|Jonas Lie]], Norwegian writer (born [[1833]])
* [[July 6]] – [[Felipe Calderón y Roca]], Filipino politician (born [[1868]])
* [[July 12]] – [[William D. Coleman (politician)|William D. Coleman]], 13th [[President of Liberia]] (born [[1842]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|pages=80–81}}</ref>
* [[July 19]] – [[Ignacio de Veintemilla]], 11th [[President of Ecuador]] (born [[1828]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Demetrius Vikelas]], 1st [[President of the International Olympic Committee]] (born [[1835]])
* [[July 22]] – [[Randal Cremer|Sir Randal Cremer]], English politician and pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (born [[1828]])
* [[July 24]] – [[Sigismondo Savona]], Maltese educator and politician (born [[1835]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schiavone |first1=Michael J. |title=Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. II G–Z |date=2009 |publisher=Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza |location=[[Pietà, Malta|Pietà]] |isbn=9789993291329 |pages=1414–1415}}</ref>
* [[August 4]] – [[Radoje Domanović]], Serbian writer (born [[1873]])
* [[August 7]] – [[Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì]], 12th [[Prime Minister of Italy]] (born [[1839]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Éleuthère Mascart]], French physicist (born [[1837]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Henri Becquerel]], French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born [[1852]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Tony Pastor]], American theater impresario (born [[1837]])
* [[August 31]] – [[Leslie Green]], British architect (born [[1875]])
* [[September 17]] – [[Thomas Selfridge]], United States Army officer, first person killed in an airplane crash (born [[1882]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Pablo de Sarasate]], Spanish violinist, composer (born [[1844]])
* [[September 21]]
** [[Ernest Fenollosa]], Spanish-born American art historian and philosopher (born [[1853]])
** [[Arnold Burrowes Kemball|Sir Arnold Kemball]], British army officer and diplomat (born [[1820]])
** [[Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso]], 3rd [[President of the Republic (Spain)|President of Spain]] (born [[1838]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Frank Robison]], American baseball executive, early owner of the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] (born [[1852]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Machado de Assis]], Brazilian author (born [[1839]])

=== October–December ===
* [[October 11]] – [[Rita Cetina Gutiérrez]], Mexican educator, poet and activist (born [[1846]])
* [[October 16]] – [[John Berthier]], French [[Roman Catholic]] priest, missionary and servant of God (born [[1840]])
* [[October 18]] – [[Nozu Michitsura]], Japanese general (born [[1840]])
* [[October 26]] – [[Enomoto Takeaki]], Japanese ''samurai'', admiral (born [[1836]])
* [[October 30]] – [[Caroline Schermerhorn Astor]], American socialite (born [[1830]])
* [[October]] – [[The Rogers Brothers|Gus Rogers]], American vaudevillian (born 1869)
* [[November 1]] – [[Mary F. Eastman]], American educator, lecturer, writer and suffragist (born [[1833]])
* [[November 4]]
** [[Richard Gerstl]], Austrian artist (born [[1883]])
** [[Tomás Estrada Palma]], 1st [[President of Cuba]] (born [[1832]])
* [[November 7]]
** [[Butch Cassidy]], American outlaw (born [[1866]])
** [[Sundance Kid]], American outlaw (born [[1867]])
* [[November 8]] 
** [[Josephine E. Keating]], American literary critic and musician (born [[1838]])
** [[Victorien Sardou]], French dramatist (born [[1831]])
* [[November 14]] – Emperor [[Guangxu]] of China (born [[1871]])
* [[November 15]] – [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] of China (born [[1835]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Cixi {{!}} Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cixi |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=8 January 2020 |language=en |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010053747/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cixi |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[November 17]] – [[Lydia Thompson]], English dancer, actress (born [[1838]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Paul Taffanel]], French flautist, composer (born [[1844]])
* [[December 13]] – [[Augustus Le Plongeon]], American archaeologist (born [[1825]])
* [[December 22]] – [[Jacob Parrott]], the first person to receive the American [[Medal of Honor]], one of six presented on March 25, 1863, to the heroes of the [[Great Locomotive Chase]] during the American Civil War (born [[1843]])

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Jacob W. Davis]], Latvian American tailor, inventor of jeans (born [[1831]])

== Nobel Prizes ==
[[File:Nobel medal.png|right|100px]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Gabriel Lippmann]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Ernest Rutherford]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Élie Metchnikoff]], [[Paul Ehrlich]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Rudolf Christoph Eucken]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]], [[Fredrik Bajer]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''The Annual Register for 1908'', British and world events [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vq8oAAAAYAAJ online]
* Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900–1933'' (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 105 – 22.
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1908}}
[[Category:1908| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]