View source for 1920s

{{Short description|Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1920–1929)}}

<imagemap>File:1920s decade montage.png|From left, clockwise: [[Third Tipperary Brigade]] Flying Column No. 2 under [[Seán Hogan]] during the '''[[Irish War of Independence]]''', 1920; prohibition agents destroying barrels of [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]], 1921, in accordance with the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|18th amendment]], which made '''[[Prohibition in the United States|alcoholic beverages illegal]]''' in the United States throughout the entire decade; in 1927, Charles Lindbergh embarks on the first solo nonstop flight from New York to Paris on the '''''[[Spirit of St. Louis]]'''''; a crowd gathering on [[Wall Street]] after the '''[[1929 stock market crash]]''', which led to the [[Great Depression]]; [[Benito Mussolini]] and [[Fascism|fascist]] [[Blackshirts]] during the '''[[March on Rome]]''' in 1922; the [[People's Liberation Army]] attacking government defensive positions in [[Shandong]], during the '''[[Chinese Civil War]]'''; the '''[[women's suffrage]]''' campaign leads to [[Women's suffrage#Timeline|numerous countries]] granting women the [[right to vote]] and be elected; '''[[Babe Ruth]]''' becomes the most famous baseball player of the time.|335px|thumb
rect 1 1 298 178 [[Irish War of Independence]]
rect 302 1 572 178 [[Prohibition in the United States]]
rect 1 181 194 400 [[Women's suffrage]]
rect 198 181 395 399 [[Babe Ruth]]
rect 399 182 572 401 [[Spirit of St. Louis]]
rect 1 405 250 599 [[Chinese Civil War]]
rect 255 404 416 599 [[March on Rome]]
rect 419 405 572 598 [[1929 stock market crash]]
</imagemap>
{{Decadebox|192}}
The '''1920s''' (pronounced "nineteen-twenties" often shortened to the "'''{{'}}20s'''" or the "'''Twenties'''") was a [[decade]] that began on January 1, 1920, and ended on December 31, 1929. Primarily known for the economic boom that occurred in the [[Western world|Western World]] following the end of [[World War I]] (1914–1918), the decade is frequently referred to as the "[[Roaring Twenties]]" or the "[[Jazz Age]]" in America and Western Europe, and the "[[Golden Twenties]]" in Germany, while French speakers refer to the period as the ''"[[Années folles]]"'' ('crazy years') to emphasize the decade's social, artistic, and cultural dynamism.<ref>[http://www.lawlessdecade.net/intro1.htm Paul Sann, The Lawless Decade] Retrieved 2009-09-03{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=Roaring Twenties {{!}} Definition, Music, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roaring-Twenties |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}{{cite book |author=Andrew Lamb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYfyNV5FUQEC&pg=PA195 |title=150 Years of Popular Musical Theatre |publisher=Yale U.P. |year=2000 |isbn=0300075383 |page=195}}</ref>

<!-- Economy and social movements -->
The devastating [[Wall Street crash of 1929|Wall Street crash]] in October 1929 is generally viewed as a harbinger of the end of 1920s prosperity in North America and Europe. In the [[Soviet Union]], the [[New Economic Policy]] was created by the [[Bolsheviks]] in 1921, to be replaced by the [[First five-year plan (Soviet Union)|first five-year plan]] in 1928. The 1920s saw the rise of radical political movements, with the [[Red Army]] triumphing against [[White movement]] forces in the [[Russian Civil War]], and the emergence of [[Far-right politics|far-right]] political movements in Europe. In 1922, the fascist leader [[Benito Mussolini]] [[March on Rome|seized power in Italy]]. Other dictators that emerged included [[Józef Piłsudski]] in [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], and [[Peter I of Serbia|Peter]] and [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander Karađorđević]] in [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. [[First-wave feminism]] made advances, with women [[Women's suffrage#20th century|gaining the right to vote]] in the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|United States]] (1920), [[Women in Albania#Women's rights in Albanian politics|Albania]] (1920), [[Feminism in the Republic of Ireland#1910–1920s: revolution and suffrage|Ireland]] (1921), and with [[Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928|suffrage being expanded]] in Britain to all women over 21 years old (1928).

<!-- Politics and conflicts -->
In Turkey, nationalist forces defeated Greece, France, Armenia, and Britain in the [[Turkish War of Independence]], leading to the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] (1923), a treaty more favorable to Turkey than the earlier proposed [[Treaty of Sèvres]]. The war also led to the [[abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate]]. Nationalist revolts also occurred in [[Irish War of Independence|Ireland (1919–1921)]] and [[Great Syrian Revolt|Syria (1925–1927)]]. Under Mussolini, Italy pursued a more aggressive domestic and foreign policy, leading to the [[Sicilian Mafia during the Fascist regime|nigh-eradication of the Sicilian Mafia]] and the [[Second Italo-Senussi War]] in Libya respectively. In 1927, China [[Chinese Civil War|erupted into a civil war]] between the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT)-led [[Nationalist government|government]] of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] (ROC) and forces of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). Civil wars also occurred in [[Paraguayan Civil War (1922)|Paraguay (1922–1923)]], [[Irish Civil War|Ireland (1922–1923)]], [[Second Honduran Civil War|Honduras (1924)]], [[Nicaraguan Civil War (1926–1927)|Nicaragua (1926–1927)]], and [[Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)|Afghanistan (1928–1929)]]. Saudi forces [[Conquest of Ha'il|conquered Jabal Shammar]] and [[Saudi conquest of Hejaz|subsequently, Hejaz]].

<!-- Natural disasters -->
A severe [[Russian famine of 1921–1922|famine occurred in Russia]] (1921–1922) due to the combined effects of economic disturbance because of the [[Russian Revolution]] and the [[Russian Civil War]], exacerbated by rail systems that could not distribute food efficiently, leading to 5 million deaths. Another severe [[Chinese famine of 1928–1930|famine occurred in China]] (1928–1930), leading to 6 million deaths. The [[Spanish flu|Spanish flu pandemic]] (1918–1920) and [[Epidemic typhus#20th century|Russian typhus epidemic]] (1918–1922), which had begun in the previous decade, caused 25–50 million and 2–3 million deaths respectively. Major natural disasters of this decade include the [[1920 Haiyuan earthquake]] (258,707~273,407 deaths), [[1922 Shantou typhoon]] (50,000–100,000 deaths), [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake]] (105,385–142,800 deaths), and [[1927 Gulang earthquake]] (40,912 deaths).

<!-- Entertainment industry -->
<!-- Try to focus on best-sellers of this decade. -->
[[Silent film]]s were popular in this decade, with the highest-grossing film of this decade being either the American silent [[Epic film|epic]] [[Adventure film|adventure]]-[[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ]]'' or the American silent [[War film|war]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[The Big Parade]]'', depending on the metrics used. [[Sinclair Lewis]] was a popular author in the United States in the 1920s, <!-- Selections from [[Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1920s]] --> with his books ''[[Main Street (novel)|Main Street]]'' and ''[[Elmer Gantry]]'' becoming best-sellers. Best-selling books outside the US included the <!-- Selected from [[List of best-selling books]] -->Czech book ''[[The Good Soldier Švejk]]'', which sold 20 million copies. <!-- Provisionally list songs based on meeting https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews/, If best-seller song lists of the 1920s can be found, switch to including based that criteria. --> Songs of this decade included "[[Mack the Knife]]" and "[[Tiptoe Through the Tulips]]".<!-- Demographics -->

During the 1920s, the world population increased from 1.87 to 2.05 billion, with approximately 700 million births and 525 million deaths in total.

==Social history==
{{Main|Roaring Twenties}}
The '''Roaring Twenties''' brought about several novel and highly visible social and cultural trends. These trends, made possible by sustained economic prosperity, were most visible in major cities like New York, Chicago, Paris, Berlin, and London. [[Return to normalcy|"Normalcy" returned]] to politics in the wake of hyper-emotional patriotism during World War I, [[jazz music|jazz]] blossomed, and [[Art Deco]] peaked. For women, knee-length skirts and dresses became socially acceptable, as did bobbed hair with a [[finger wave]] or [[Marcelling|marcel wave]]. The women who pioneered these trends were frequently referred to as [[flappers]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Price |first=Sean |title=What made the twenties roar?|year=1999 |journal=Scholastic Update |volume=131 |issue=10 |pages=3–18 |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=j209901&id=GALE%7CA54062685&v=2.1&it=r&sid=AONE&asid=22fcf8de }}</ref>

The era saw the large-scale adoption of automobiles, telephones, motion pictures, [[History of broadcasting|radio]], and [[household electricity]], as well as unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture, mostly in the urbanized areas of the Western World. The media became increasingly more important and began to focus on celebrities like sports heroes and movie stars and began to include women. Some film historians call this distribution of images and invention a "frenzy of the visible.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Katherine H. |title=Seeing the American woman: 1880 - 1920; the social impact of the visual media explosion |last2=Keene |first2=Michael L. |last3=Koella |first3=Jennifer Campbell |last4=Koella |first4=Jennifer Campbell |date=2012 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-6661-0 |location=Jefferson, NC}}</ref>" Large [[ballpark|baseball stadiums]] were built in major US cities, in addition to palatial [[Movie theater|cinemas]].

Many independent countries passed [[women's suffrage]] after 1918. Academics such as [[Arthur Marwick]] have argued that this occurred because countries wanted to reward the role women played on the [[home front]].<ref name="University of Michigan Press">{{cite book |last1=Rousseau |first1=David L. |title=War and rights: the impact of war on political and civil rights |date=2021 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=0472132466 |page=91}}</ref> However, some scholars like [[Ellen DuBois|Ellen Dubois]] have argued that this perspective is incorrect, pointing out some belligerent countries like [[Italy]] did not grant suffrage. Meanwhile, some countries like the [[Netherlands]] which did not participate in the war did grant suffrage to women.<ref name="University of Michigan Press"/>

==Politics and wars==
{{Main|International relations (1919–1939)}}
{{See also|List of sovereign states in the 1920s}}
[[File:World 1920 empires colonies territory.png|thumb|750px|center|Map of the world from 1920, two years after World War I]]

===Wars===
{{Main|List of wars: 1900–1944#1920–1929}}
[[File:Tropas participantes en la guerra de África por la calle Hernani (1 de 1) - Fondo Marín-Kutxa Fototeka.jpg|thumb|250px|Spanish troops in [[San Sebastián]], prior to their departure to the [[Rif War]]]]
* [[Turkish War of Independence]] (May 1919 – July 1923)
** [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)|Greco-Turkish War]] (May 1919 – October 1922)
** [[Turkish–Armenian War]] (September – December 1920)
** [[Franco-Turkish War]] (December 1918 – October 1921)
** [[Revolts during the Turkish War of Independence|Royalist and separatist revolts]] (1919–1923)
* [[Unification of Saudi Arabia]]
** [[Conquest of Ha'il|Rashidi–Saudi War]] (1903–1921)
** [[Kuwait–Najd War|Kuwait–Saudi War]] (1919–1920)
** [[Saudi conquest of Hejaz|Hejaz–Saudi War]] (1919–1925)
** [[Ikhwan raids on Transjordan|Transjordan-Saudi War]] (1922–1924)
* [[Polish–Soviet War]] (February 1919 – March 1921)
* [[Irish War of Independence]] (January 1919 – July 1921)
* [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] (May – August 1919)
* [[Iraqi Revolt]] (1920)[[File:British and French empires 1920.png|thumb|260px|right|The [[British Empire|British]] and [[French colonial empire]]s in 1920]]
* [[Rif War]] (1920–1927)
* [[Vlora War]] (1920)
* [[Second Italo-Senussi War]] (1923–1932)
* [[Great Syrian Revolt]] (1925–1927)
* [[United States occupation of Nicaragua]] (1912–1933)
* [[United States occupation of Haiti]] (1915–1934)
* [[United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)|United States occupation of the Dominican Republic]] (1916–1924)

===Internal conflicts===
* [[Russian Civil War]] (November 1917 – October 1922)
** [[Tambov Rebellion]] (August 1920 – June 1921)
** [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]] (1918–1925)
* [[Patagonia Rebelde]] (1920–1922)
* [[Mahmud Barzanji revolts]] (1920–1922)
* [[Irish Civil War]] (June 28, 1922 – May 24, 1923)
* [[Cristero War]] in Mexico (1926–1929)
* [[Chinese Civil War]] (first phase 1927–1936)
* [[Ararat rebellion]] (1927–1930)
* [[Kongo-Wara rebellion]] (1928–1931)
* [[Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)|Afghan Civil War]] (November 14, 1928 – October 13, 1929)

===Major political changes===
[[File:Refoundation.jpg|thumb|[[Adolf Hitler]] (standing) delivers a speech in February 1925.]]
* Rise of radical political movements such as [[communism]] led by the [[Soviet Union]] and [[fascism]] led by [[Fascist Italy|Italy]].
* [[League of Nations]] and associated bodies as experiments in international cooperation and prevention of wars

===Decolonization and independence===
* [[Irish Free State]] gains independence from the United Kingdom in 1922.
* [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] officially becomes an independent country through the [[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence|Declaration of 1922]], though it still remains under the military and political influence of the [[British Empire]].

===Prominent political events===
====Peace and disarmament====
* [[Washington Naval Conference]] of 1922
** [[Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament|followup treaties for the Limitation of Naval Armament]]
* [[Geneva Protocol]] 1925, outlaws poison gas
* [[Geneva Naval Conference]] 1927
* [[Kellogg–Briand Pact]] (1928) signed by most nations promising not to declare war.
* [[London Naval Treaty]], 1930
* [[Conference for the Reduction and Limitation of Armaments]] 1932–1934

====Women's suffrage====
{{Main|Women's suffrage}}
* Women's suffrage movement continues to make gains as women obtain full voting rights in the United Kingdom in 1918 (women over 30) and in 1928 (full enfranchisement), in the United States in 1920. Also : full or partial gains in Uruguay 1917; Canada, 1917–1925 except Quebec (1940); Czechoslovakia 1920; Irish Free State, 1922; Burma, 1922; Italy, 1925 (partial); Ecuador 1929.<ref>June Hannam et al. ''International encyclopedia of women's suffrage'' (2000).</ref>

====United States====
[[File:5 Prohibition Disposal(9) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Prohibition agents emptying barrels of alcohol]]
* The [[Osage Indian murders]] of the 1920s lead to the federal government launching the first large scale investigation by the recently formed Bureau of Investigation, which would later become the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).<ref>Baugh, L. Sue. "Osage murders". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Oct. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Osage-murders . Accessed 6 November 2023.</ref>
* Prohibition of alcohol occurs in the United States. [[Prohibition in the United States]] began January 16, 1919, with the ratification of the [[Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Eighteenth Amendment]] to the [[Constitution of the United States|U.S. Constitution]], effective as of January 17, 1920, and it continued throughout the 1920s. Prohibition was finally repealed in 1933. [[Organized crime]] turns to [[smuggling]] and [[Rum-running|bootlegging]] of [[alcoholic beverage|liquor]], led by figures such as [[Al Capone]], boss of the [[Chicago Outfit]].
* The [[Immigration Act of 1924]] places restrictions on immigration. National quotas curbed most Eastern and Southern European nationalities, further enforced the ban on immigration of East Asians, South Asians, and Southeast Asians, and put mild regulations on nationalities from the Western Hemisphere (Latin Americans).
* The major sport was [[baseball]] and the most famous player was [[Babe Ruth]].
* The ''[[Lost Generation]]'' (which characterized disillusionment), was the name [[Gertrude Stein]] gave to American writers, poets, and artists living in Europe during the 1920s. Famous members of the ''[[Lost Generation]]'' include [[Cole Porter]], [[Gerald Murphy]], [[Patrick Henry Bruce]], [[Waldo Peirce]], [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], [[Zelda Fitzgerald]], [[Ezra Pound]], [[John Dos Passos]], and [[Sherwood Anderson]].
* A peak in the early 1920s in the membership of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] of four to five million members (after its reemergence in 1915), followed by a rapid decline down to an estimated 30,000 members by 1930.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/ku-klux-klan-brief-biography |title=The Ku Klux Klan, a brief biography |publisher=[[The African American Registry]] |access-date=July 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825005249/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/ku-klux-klan-brief-biography |archive-date=2012-08-25 |url-status=dead }} and {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730 |title=Ku Klux Klan in the Twentieth Century |author=Lay, Shawn |encyclopedia=[[The New Georgia Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Coker College]] |access-date=2014-01-24 |archive-date=2005-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025072407/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2730 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The [[Scopes trial]] (1925), which declared that [[John T. Scopes]] had violated the law by teaching [[evolution]] in schools, creating tension between the competing viewpoints of [[creationism]] and evolution.

====Europe====
[[File:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|200px|The [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (Soviet Union) is created in 1922.]]
[[File:March on Rome 1922 - Mussolini.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Benito Mussolini]] and [[Italian Fascism|Fascist]] [[Blackshirts]] during the [[March on Rome]] in 1922]]
* [[Polish–Soviet War]] (1919–1921); Poland defeats Soviet advance; Ukraine and Belarus are divided.
* Major armed conflict in Ireland including [[Irish War of Independence]] (1919–1921) resulting in part of Ireland becoming an independent country in 1922 followed by the [[Irish Civil War]] (1922–1923).
* [[Russian famine of 1921–22]] claimed up to five&nbsp;million victims.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121219101057/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/5rfhjy.htm Famine in Russia: the hidden horrors of 1921]. International Committee of the Red Cross.</ref>
* The [[Soviet Union|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (Soviet Union) is created in 1922.
* [[Benito Mussolini]] leader of the [[National Fascist Party]] became [[List of Prime Ministers of Italy|Prime Minister of Italy]], shortly thereafter creating the world's first [[Fascism|fascist]] government. The Fascist regime establishes a [[totalitarian]] state led by Mussolini as a dictator. The Fascist regime restores good relations between the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and Italy with the [[Lateran Treaty]], which creates [[Vatican City]]. The Fascist regime pursues an aggressive expansionist agenda in Europe such as by raiding the [[List of islands of Greece|Greek island]] of [[Corfu incident|Corfu]] in 1923, pressuring [[Albanian Republic|Albania]] to submit to becoming a ''[[de facto]]'' Italian [[protectorate]] in the mid-1920s, and holding territorial aims on the region of [[Dalmatia]] in [[Yugoslavia]].
* In Germany, the [[Weimar Republic]] suffers from economic crisis in the early 1920s and [[Inflation in the Weimar Republic|hyperinflation]] of currency in 1923. From 1923 to 1925 the [[Occupation of the Ruhr]] takes place. The [[Ruhr]] was an industrial region of Germany taken over by the military forces of the [[French Third Republic]] and Belgium, in response to the failure of the Weimar Republic under Chancellor [[Wilhelm Cuno]] to keep paying the [[World War I reparations]]. The recently formed fringe [[Nazi Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]] (a.k.a. Nazi Party) led by [[Adolf Hitler]] attempts a coup against the Bavarian and German governments in the 1923 [[Beer Hall Putsch]], which fails, resulting in Hitler being briefly imprisoned for one year in prison where he writes ''[[Mein Kampf]]''. 
* [[Turkish War of Independence]] (1919–1923).
* [[1926 United Kingdom general strike|United Kingdom general strike]] (1926).

====Asia====
* The [[Qajar dynasty]] ended under [[Ahmad Shah Qajar]] as [[Reza Shah Pahlavi]] founds the [[Pahlavi dynasty]], which later became the last monarchy of [[Iran]].
* The [[Northern Expedition]] (1926–1928)
* The [[Chinese Civil War]] begins (1927–1937).
* In the [[Kingdom of Afghanistan]], [[Amanullah Khan]]'s reforms cause conflict with conservative factions, resulting in the [[Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)|Afghan Civil War]].

====Africa====
* [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-Africanist]] supporters of [[Marcus Garvey]]'s [[Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League]] (UNIA-ACL) are repressed by colonial powers in Africa. Garvey's UNIA-ACL supported the creation of a state led by black people in Africa including [[African American]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-1920s.htm |title=African History Timeline |access-date=2008-10-30 |archive-date=2009-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508144735/http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his311/timeline/t-1920s.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== Latin America ====
* Rural workers' strikes are put down by the [[Argentine Army]], in the province of [[Santa Cruz Province, Argentina|Santa Cruz]], [[Argentina]]. Approximately 300–1,500 workers were shot and killed under the orders of president [[Hipólito Yrigoyen]]. This uprising is remembered as [[Patagonia Rebelde]] (Rebel Patagonia).
* Argentina becomes the second country in the world (only after the USSR) to create a [[State ownership|state-owned]] oil and gas exploration and production company, [[YPF]].

{{clear}}

==Economics==
[[File:Crowd outside nyse.jpg|thumb|Crowd gathering after the [[Wall Street crash of 1929]]]]
* Economic boom ended by "[[Black Tuesday]]" (October 29, 1929); the [[stock market crash]]es, leading to the [[Great Depression]]. The market actually began to drop on Thursday October 24, 1929, and the fall continued until the huge crash on Tuesday October 29, 1929.
* The [[New Economic Policy]] is created by the Bolsheviks in the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]], to be replaced by the [[First five-year plan (Soviet Union)|first five-year plan]] in 1928.
* The [[Dawes Plan]], through which the U.S. made significant loans to Germany in order to help stabilize its economy and make [[World War I reparations|war reparations]] payments, was enacted in 1924.
* Average annual inflation for the decade was virtually zero but individual years ranged from a high of 3.47% in 1925 to a deflationary −11% in 1921.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inflation and CPI Consumer Price Index 1920-1929|url=http://inflationdata.com/articles/inflation-consumer-price-index-decade-commentary/inflation-cpi-consumer-price-index-1920-1929/|work=Inflation Data|access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref>

[[File:1929 wall street crash graph.svg|left|thumb|350px|[[Dow Jones Industrial Average|Dow Jones Industrial]], 1928–1930]]{{Clear|left}}<!-- image option "none" causes bogus image option in [[portal:1920s]] -->

==Natural disasters==
* The [[Great Kantō earthquake]] struck the main Japanese island of [[Honshū]] on 1 September 1923. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]].
* The [[1920 Haiyuan earthquake]] struck central China on 16 September with a magnitude of 8.2 on the [[moment magnitude scale]], killing 273,407.
* The [[1922 Shantou typhoon]] killed upwards of 100,000 people in southern [[China]].
* The [[1928 Okeechobee hurricane]] killed 4,112 people in the Caribbean and the United States, resulting in major flooding around [[Lake Okeechobee]].
* The [[1927 Gulang earthquake]] struck Tibet and China, measuring 7.6 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] and killing 40,900 people.
* The [[Tri-State tornado outbreak]] struck the United States on 18 March 1925. The [[1925 Tri-State tornado]], which the outbreak gets its name from, became the deadliest [[tornado]] in US history, as it killed 695 people, whom 613 of which in [[Illinois]], 71 in [[Indiana]], and 12 (possibly more) in [[Missouri]]. The outbreak as a whole, killed 751.
** The tornado, was the deadliest in history, until 1989, where a F3 tornado hit [[Bangladesh]], killing 1300. However, The Tri-State Tornado is still the 2nd deadliest in history, and the deadliest in the United States.

==Assassinations and attempts==
Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include:
[[File:Michael Collins.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Michael Collins (Irish leader)]]]]
[[File:Portret Narutowicz (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gabriel Narutowicz]]]]
[[File:Pancho Villa bandolier (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Pancho Villa]]]]

* [[Venustiano Carranza]], [[President of Mexico|44th President of Mexico]], is assassinated while escape and sleeping in Tlaxcalantongo in the [[Sierra Norte de Puebla]] mountains. His forces were under attack there by General [[Rodolfo Herrero]], a local chieftain and supporter of Carranza's former allies on 21 May 1920.
* [[Hara Takashi]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]], is assassinated by {{ill|Nakaoka Kon'ichi|ja|中岡艮一}} on 4 November 1921.
* [[Walther Rathenau]], [[List of German foreign ministers|Foreign Minister of Germany]] is assassinated by [[Ernst Werner Techow]], Erwin Kern, and [[Hermann Willibald Fischer]], all members of [[Organisation Consul]] on June 24, 1922.
* [[Michael Collins (Irish leader)]], was an Irish revolutionary, soldier and politician who was a leading figure in the early-20th century struggle for [[Irish revolutionary period|Irish revolutionary]]. Was shot and killed in an ambush by [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|anti-Treaty forces]] on 22 August 1922.<ref name=BostonPost_19220823>{{cite news |title=Rebels Kill Michael Collins / Irish Leader Slain in Ambush |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19220823_Rebels_Kill_Michael_Collins_-_The_Boston_Post.jpg |work=The Boston Post |date=23 August 1922 |page=1 |access-date=13 October 2020 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831210957/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19220823_Rebels_Kill_Michael_Collins_-_The_Boston_Post.jpg |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Gabriel Narutowicz]], a first [[President of Poland]] is assassinated by [[Eligiusz Niewiadomski]] on December 16, 1922.
* [[Francisco "Pancho" Villa]], a [[Mexican Revolution]]ary general is assassinated by a group of seven assassins on July 20, 1923.
* [[Zhang Zuolin]], was a Chinese [[warlord]] who ruled [[Manchuria]] from 1916 to 1928. Was [[Huanggutun incident|killed]] when his personal train was destroyed by an explosion at the [[Huanggutun Railway Station]] that had been plotted and committed by the Kwantung Army of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] on June 4, 1928.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/06/06/archives/chang-tsolin-dead-says-tokio-report-mukden-dispatch-asserts-war.html |title=CHANG TSO-LIN DEAD, SAYS TOKIO REPORT; Mukden Dispatch Asserts War Lord Succumbed to Injuries in Train Bombing. |last=Byas |first=Hugh |date=1928-06-06 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2019-04-11 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Álvaro Obregón]], [[President of Mexico|46th President of Mexico]], he was re-elected to the presidency in 1928 but he was assassinated at [[Parque de la Bombilla|La Bombilla restaurant]] before he could take office by [[José de León Toral]], on July 17, 1928.<ref name="krauze403">Krauze, {{Google books|sMIUcsUVyzsC|p. 403}}</ref>

==Science and technology==
===Technology===
* [[John Logie Baird]] invents the first working [[mechanical television]] system (1925). In 1928, he invents and demonstrates the first [[color television]].
* [[Warner Brothers]] produces the first movie with a soundtrack ''[[Don Juan (1926 film)|Don Juan]]'' in 1926, followed by the first Part-Talkie ''[[The Jazz Singer]]'' in 1927, the first All-Talking movie ''[[Lights of New York (1928 film)|Lights of New York]]'' in 1928 and the first All-Color All-Talking movie ''[[On with the Show (1929 film)|On with the Show]]'', 1929. [[Silent film]]s start giving way to [[sound film]]s. By 1936, the transition phase arguably ends, with ''[[Modern Times (film)|Modern Times]]'' being the last notable silent film.
* [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]] invents the modern electronic [[cathode-ray tube]] in 1897. The CRT became a commercial product in 1922.
* [[Record labels|Record companies]] (such as [[Victor Talking Machine Company|Victor]], [[Brunswick Records|Brunswick]] and [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]) introduce an electrical recording process on their phonograph records in 1925 (that had been developed by [[Western Electric]]), resulting in a more lifelike sound.
* The first [[Razor|electric razor]] is patented in 1928 by the American manufacturer Col. [[Jacob Schick]].
* The first selective [[Jukebox]]es being introduced in 1927 by the Automated Musical Instrument Company.
* [[Harold Stephen Black]] revolutionizes the field of applied electronics by inventing the [[negative feedback amplifier]] in 1927.
* [[Clarence Birdseye]] invents a process for [[frozen food]] in 1925.
* [[Robert Goddard]] makes the first flight of a [[Liquid-propellant rocket|liquid-fueled rocket]] in 1926.
* [[Charles Lindbergh]] becomes the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean (May 20–21, 1927), nonstop from [[Long Island|New York]] to [[Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindbergh's Transatlantic Flight: New York to Paris Timeline |url=http://www.charleslindbergh.com/history/timeline.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113030546/http://www.charleslindbergh.com/history/timeline.asp |archive-date=November 13, 2022 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=charleslindbergh.com}}</ref>

<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Goddard and Rocket.jpg|[[Robert Goddard]] and his rocket, 1926
File:Telefon, Nordisk familjebok.png|1920s phone
File:Campbell_Thompson.jpg|[[Thompson submachine gun]] (1921 model)
</gallery>

===Science===
* Howard Carter [[Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun|discovers of the tomb of King Tutankhamun]] near Luxor, Egypt, 1922.
* Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]] and [[Frederick Banting]] in 1922.<ref name="Discovery">{{cite web |title=Frederick Banting, Charles Best, James Collip, and John Macleod |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/frederick-banting-charles-best-james-collip-and-john-macleod |website=Science History Institute |access-date=22 August 2018 |date=June 2016 |archive-date=1 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201105332/https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/frederick-banting-charles-best-james-collip-and-john-macleod |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovers [[penicillin]].

<gallery widths="190" perrow="5">
File:Synthetic_Production_of_Penicillin_TR1468.jpg|In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
File:Tuts Tomb Opened.JPG|Howard Carter opens the innermost shrine of King Tutankhamun's tomb near Luxor, Egypt, 1922.
</gallery>

==Popular culture==
===Film===
{{Main|1920s in film}}
[[File:Ben_Hur_A_Tale_of_the_Christ_(1925).webm|thumbtime=2|thumb|''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ]]'' (full movie displayed) was the highest-grossing movie of the 1920s by some metrics.]]
[[Silent film]]s were popular in this decade, with the highest-grossing film of this decade being either 1925 American [[Silent film|silent]] [[Epic film|epic]] [[Adventure film|adventure]]-[[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1925 film)|Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ]]'' or the 1925 American [[Silent film|silent]] [[War film|war]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] ''[[The Big Parade]]'', depending on the metrics used: ''Ben-Hur'' grossed more during its initial release, but ''The Big Parade'' ultimately grossed more via re-releases.
* '''Oscar winners:''' ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]'' (1927–1928), ''[[The Broadway Melody]]'' (1928–1929), ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)|All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (1929–1930)
* First feature-length [[motion picture]] with a [[soundtrack]] (''[[Don Juan (1926 film)|Don Juan]]'') is released in 1926. First part-talkie (''[[The Jazz Singer]]'') released in 1927, first all-talking feature (''[[Lights of New York (1928 film)|Lights of New York]]'') released in 1928 and first all-color all-talking feature (''[[On with the Show (1929 film)|On with the Show]]'') released in 1929.
* The first animated short film by [[Walt Disney]] is released in 1928, featuring [[Mickey Mouse]]. ''[[Steamboat Willie]]'' was the first sound cartoon to attract widespread notice and popularity.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+[[List of highest-grossing films|High-grossing films]] by year of release<ref>{{cite web |title=Yearly Box Office |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/?view2=worldwide&view=releasedate&p=.htm |access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Movie Index By Year |website=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services. LLC |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies |access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Dirks (year)">{{cite web |last=Dirks |first=Tim |website=[[Filmsite.org]] |publisher=[[AMC Networks|American Movie Classics]] |title=All-Time Box-Office Hits By Decade and Year |url=http://www.filmsite.org/boxoffice2.html |access-date=January 5, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Worldwide gross
! scope="col" | Budget
! scope="col" | Reference(s)
|-
! scope="row" |[[1920 in film|1920]]
|''[[Way Down East]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|5000000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}} ({{nts|4000000|prefix=$}}){{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|800000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Variety (1932)" group="#">{{cite news|date=June 21, 1932|title=Biggest Money Pictures|page=1|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}} Cited in {{cite web|title=Biggest Money Pictures|url=http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/7_v_32_4.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708155503/http://www.cinemaweb.com/silentfilm/bookshelf/7_v_32_4.htm|archive-date=July 8, 2011|access-date=July 14, 2011|publisher=Cinemaweb}}</ref><ref name="Solomon (2011)" group="#">{{cite book|last=Solomon|first=Aubrey|title=The Fox Film Corporation, 1915–1935: A History and Filmography|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7864-6286-5}}
* ''Way Down East'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zospQ7o5u0oC&pg=PA52 52]. "D.W. Griffith's ''Way Down East'' (1920) was projected to return rentals of $4,000,000 on an $800,000 negative. This figure was based on the amounts earned from its roadshow run, coupled with its playoff in the rest of the country's theaters. Griffith had originally placed the potential film rental at $3,000,000 but, because of the success of the various roadshows that were running the $4,000,000 total was expected. The film showed a profit of $615,736 after just 23 weeks of release on a gross of $2,179,613."
* ''What Price Glory?'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zospQ7o5u0oC&q=What%20Price%20Glory%20hit%20the%20jackpot%20with%20massive%20world%20rentals%20of%20%242%2C429%2C000%2C%20the%20highest%20figure%20in%20the%20history%20of%20the%20company.%20Since%20it%20was%20also%20the%20most%20expensive%20production%20of%20the%20year%20at%20%24817%2C000%20the%20profit%20was%20still%20a%20healthy%20%24796%2C000&pg=PA122 112]. "What Price Glory hit the jackpot with massive world rentals of $2,429,000, the highest figure in the history of the company. Since it was also the most expensive production of the year at $817,000 the profit was still a healthy $796,000..."
* ''Cavalcade'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zospQ7o5u0oC&pg=PA170 170]. "The actual cost of ''Cavalcade'' was $1,116,000 and it was most definitely not guaranteed a success. In fact, if its foreign grosses followed the usual 40 percent of domestic returns, the film would have lost money. In a turnaround, the foreign gross was almost double the $1,000,000 domestic take to reach total world rentals of $3,000,000 and Fox's largest profit of the year at $664,000."
* ''State Fair'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zospQ7o5u0oC&pg=PA170 170]. "''State Fair'' did turn out to be a substantial hit with the help of Janet Gaynor boosting Will Rogers back to the level of money-making star. Its prestige engagements helped raked in a total $1,208,000 in domestic rentals. Surprisingly, in foreign countries unfamiliar with state fairs, it still earned a respectable $429,000. With its total rentals, the film ended up showing a $398,000 profit."</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1921 in film|1921]]
|''[[The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1921 film)|The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|5000000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}} ({{nts|4000000|prefix=$}}){{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|600000|prefix=$}}–{{nts|800000}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{harvnb|Hall|Neale|2010|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro0hASPfC68C&pg=PA53 53]}}. "''The Four Forsemen of the Apocalypse'' was to become Metro's most expensive production and one of the decade's biggest box-office hits. Its production costs have been estimated at "something between $600,000 and $800,000." ''Variety'' estimated its worldwide gross at $4&nbsp;million in 1925 and at $5&nbsp;million in 1944; in 1991, it estimated its cumulative domestic rentals at $3,800,000."</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1922 in film|1922]]
|''[[Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|2500000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|930042.78|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{cite book|last=Brownlow|first=Kevin|title=The parade's gone by ..|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1968|isbn=978-0-520-03068-8|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wCD5EH64Qw8C&pg=PA255 255]|quote=The negative cost was about $986,000, which did not include Fairbanks' own salary. Once the exploitation and release prints were taken into account, ''Robin Hood'' cost about $1,400,000—exceeding both ''Intolerance'' ($700,000) and the celebrated "million dollar movie" ''Foolish Wives''. But it earned $2,500,000.}}</ref><ref group="#">{{cite book|last=Vance|first=Jeffrey|title=Douglas Fairbanks|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-520-25667-5|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e3DVBxGQ95YC&pg=PA146 146]|quote=The film had a production cost of $930,042.78—more than the cost of D.W. Griffith's ''Intolerance'' and nearly as much as Erich von Stroheim's ''Foolish Wives'' (1922).}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1923 in film|1923]]
|''[[The Covered Wagon]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|5000000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|800000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Time (1925)" group="#">{{cite magazine|date=July 6, 1925|title=Business: Film Exports|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,728553,00.html|url-status=dead|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105030518/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,728553,00.html|archive-date=November 5, 2010|access-date=July 12, 2011|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Birchard (2009)" group="#">{{Cite book|last=Birchard|first=Robert S.|title=Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8131-3829-9}}
* ch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8I1dEf7GqIC&pg=PT104 45. The Ten Commandments] (1923). "Cost: $1,475,836.93; Gross: $4,169,798.38"
* ch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8I1dEf7GqIC&pg=PT138 56. The Sign of the Cross]. "Cost: $694,064.67; Gross: $2,738,993.35 (to 1937)"
* ch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8I1dEf7GqIC&pg=PT177 68. Samson and Delilah]. "Cost: $3,097,563.05"
* ch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8I1dEf7GqIC&pg=PT181 69. The Greatest Show on Earth]. "Cost: $3,873,946.50; Gross receipts: $15,797,396.36 (to December 29, 1962)"
* ch. [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8I1dEf7GqIC&pg=PT185 70. The Ten Commandments] (1956). "Cost: $13,272,381.87; Gross receipts: $90,066,230.00 (to June 23, 1979)"</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1924 in film|1924]]
|''[[The Sea Hawk (1924 film)|The Sea Hawk]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|3000000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|700000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Time (1925)" group="#" />
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[1925 in film|1925]]
|''[[The Big Parade]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|18000000|prefix=$}}–{{nts|22000000}}{{ref|Rentals|R}} 
({{nts|{{#expr:4990000+1141000}}|prefix=$}}){{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|382000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="May (2005)" group="#">{{Citation|last=May|first=Richard P.|title=Restoring The Big Parade|date=Fall 2005|journal=The Moving Image|volume=5|issue=2|pages=140–146|doi=10.1353/mov.2005.0033|issn=1532-3978|quote=...earning somewhere between $18&nbsp;and&nbsp;$22&nbsp;million, depending on the figures consulted|s2cid=192076406}}</ref><ref group="#">{{cite book|last=Robertson|first=Patrick|title=Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats|publisher=[[Abbeville Publishing Group]]|year=1991|isbn=978-1-55859-236-0|edition=4|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jdjsQY5qkbEC&q=%22samson+and+delilah%22+worldwide+million+rentals 30]|quote=The top grossing silent film was King Vidor's ''The Big Parade'' (US 25), with worldwide rentals of $22&nbsp;million.}}</ref><ref group="#">{{harvnb|Hall|Neale|2010|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jhvrSwOOsRgC&pg=PA58 58–59]}}. "Even then, at a time when the budget for a feature averaged at around $300,000, no more than $382,000 was spent on production...According to the Eddie Mannix Ledger at MGM, it grossed $4,990,000 domestically and $1,141,000 abroad."</ref>
|-
|''[[Ben-Hur (1925 film)|Ben-Hur]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|10738000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}} ({{nts|9386000|prefix=$}}){{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|3967000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Ben-Hur (1925)" group="#">{{cite web|title=Ben-Hur (1925) – Notes|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/35/ben-hur#notes|access-date=December 19, 2017|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}</ref><ref name="HallNeale163" group="#">{{harvnb|Hall|Neale|2010|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jhvrSwOOsRgC&pg=PA163 163]. "MGM's silent ''Ben-Hur'', which opened at the end of 1925, had out-grossed all the other pictures released by the company in 1926 combined. With worldwide rentals of $9,386,000 on first release it was, with the sole possible exception of ''The Birth of a Nation'', the highest-earning film of the entire silent era. (At a negative cost of $3,967,000, it was also the most expensive.)"}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1926 in film|1926]]
|''[[For Heaven's Sake (1926 film)|For Heaven's Sake]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|2600000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}} {{ref|For Heaven's Sake|FH}}
| align="right" |{{nts|150000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Variety (1932)" group="#" /><ref group="#">{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Frank|title=For Heaven's Sake (1926) – Articles|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/410794/for-heavens-sake|access-date=January 15, 2012|publisher=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1927 in film|1927]]
|''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|3600000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|2000000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Variety (1932)" group="#" /><ref group="#">{{harvnb|Finler|2003|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rvVhEJmbfrsC&q=wings+%242+million&pg=PA188 188]}}. "At a cost of $2&nbsp;million ''Wings'' was the studio's most expensive movie of the decade, and though it did well it was not good enough to earn a profit."</ref><ref name="Jolson" group="#">''The Jazz Singer'' and ''The Singing Fool''
* {{citation|last=Block|first=Hayley Taylor|title=The Jazz Singer|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vpbuSXSSqdkC&pg=PA113 113]|year=2010|quote=The film brought in $2.6&nbsp;million in worldwide rentals and made a net profit of $1,196,750. Jolson's follow-up Warner Bros. film, ''The Singing Fool'' (1928), brought in over two times as much, with $5.9 in worldwide rentals and a profit of $3,649,000, making them two of the most profitable films in the 1920s.}} In: {{harvnb|Block|Wilson|2010}}.</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |[[1928 in film|1928]]
|''[[The Singing Fool]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|5900000|prefix=$}}{{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|388000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Jolson" group="#" /><ref name="Crafton" group="#">{{cite book|last=Crafton|first=Donald|title=The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926–1931|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1999|isbn=978-0-520-22128-4|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KFB_oT-jupQC&pg=PA549 549]–552|quote=''The Singing Fool'': Negative Cost ($1000s): 388}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[1929 in film|1929]]
|''[[The Broadway Melody]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|4400000|prefix=$}}–{{nts|4800000}}{{ref|Rentals|R}}
| align="right" |{{nts|379000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref group="#">{{citation|last=Birchard|first=Robert S.|title=The Broadway Melody|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vpbuSXSSqdkC&pg=PA121 121]|year=2010|quote=It earned $4.4&nbsp;million in worldwide rentals and was the first movie to spawn sequels (there were several until 1940).}} In: {{harvnb|Block|Wilson|2010}}.</ref><ref name="bradley" group="#">{{Cite book|last=Bradley|first=Edwin M.|title=The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 Through 1932|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7864-2029-2|orig-year=1st. pub. 1996}}
* ''The Singing Fool'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Rg-UBJaPD-sC&pg=PA12 12]. "Ego aside, Jolson was at the top of his powers in ''The Singing Fool''. The $150,000 Warner Bros. paid him to make it, and the $388,000 it took to produce the film, were drops in the hat next to the film's world gross of $5.9&nbsp;million. Its&nbsp;$3.8-million gross in this country set a box-office record that would not be surpassed until Walt Disney's ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' (1937)."
* ''The Broadway Melody'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Rg-UBJaPD-sC&pg=PA24 24]. "''The Broadway Melody'' with a negative cost of $379,000, grossed $2.8&nbsp;million in the United States, $4.8&nbsp;million worldwide, and made a recorded profit of $1.6&nbsp;million for MGM."
* ''Gold Diggers of Broadway'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Rg-UBJaPD-sC&q=%22gold%20diggers%20of%20broadway%22%20worldwide 58]. "It grossed an impressive $2.5&nbsp;million domestically and nearly $4&nbsp;million worldwide."</ref>
|-
|''[[Sunny Side Up (1929 film)|Sunny Side Up]]''
| align="right" |{{nts|3500000|prefix=$}}{{ref|USgross|*}}{{ref|Rentals|R}} {{ref|Sunny Side Up|SS}}
| align="right" |{{nts|600000|prefix=$}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Solomon (1988)" group="#">{{cite book|last=Solomon|first=Aubrey|title=Twentieth Century-Fox: a corporate and financial history|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8108-4244-1|series=Filmmakers series|volume=20|orig-year=First published 1988}}<!--If page links die, try [https://books.google.com/books?id=w70iAAAAMAAJ&q=%22on+the+surface%22+%22world+rentals%22+%248]-->
* ''Sunny Side Up'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WIZwZOz8LHsC&pg=PA10 10]. "''Sunny Side Up'', a musical starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell, showed domestic rentals of $3.5&nbsp;million, a record for the company."
* ''Forever Amber'': p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WIZwZOz8LHsC&q=%22on+the+surface%22+%22world+rentals%22+%248 66]. "On the surface, with world rentals of $8&nbsp;million, ''Forever Amber'' was considered a hit at distribution level."
* ''The French Connection''

:: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WIZwZOz8LHsC&pg=PA167 167]. "The ''Planet of the Apes'' motion pictures were all moneymakers and Zanuck's record would have immediately improved had he stayed through the release of ''The French Connection'', which took in rentals of approximately $75&nbsp;million worldwide."
:: p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=w70iAAAAMAAJ&q=%22french+connection%22 256]. "$3,300,00".
</ref><ref group="#">{{harvnb|Block|Wilson|2010|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vpbuSXSSqdkC&pg=PA46 46]}}. "Production Cost: $0.6 (Unadjusted $s in Millions of $s)."</ref>
|}
{{clear}}

===Fashion===
{{Main|1920s in Western fashion}}
[[File:Louise_Brooks_ggbain_32453u_crop.jpg|thumb|140px|The most memorable fashion trend of the Roaring Twenties was undoubtedly "the [[flapper]]" look.]]
The 1920s is the decade in which fashion entered the modern era. It was the decade in which [[Women's Suffrage and Western Women's Fashion through the early 1900s|women first abandoned the more restricting fashions]] of past years and began to wear more comfortable clothes (such as short skirts or trousers). Men also abandoned highly formal daily attire and even began to wear athletic clothing for the first time. The suits men wear today are still based, for the most part, on those worn in the late 1920s. The 1920s are characterized by two distinct periods of fashion. In the early part of the decade, change was slow, as many were reluctant to adopt new styles. From 1925, the public passionately embraced the styles associated with the Roaring Twenties. These styles continued to characterize fashion until the worldwide depression worsened in 1931.

===Music===
[[File:Jazzing orchestra 1921.png|thumb|245px|The period from the end of the First World War until the start of the Depression in 1929 is known as the "[[Jazz Age]]".]]
* The "[[Jazz Age]]" – [[jazz]] and jazz-influenced dance music became widely popular throughout the decade.
* [[George Gershwin]] wrote ''[[Rhapsody in Blue]]'' and ''[[An American in Paris]]''.
* [[Eddie Lang]] and [[Joe Venuti]] were the first musicians to incorporate the [[Jazz guitar|guitar]] and [[Jazz violin|violin]] into jazz.
* [[Tango music|Tango]] gains increasing popularity around the world.

===Radio===
{{See also|Radio in 1920s elections}}
* First commercial radio stations in the U.S., 8MK (WWJ) in [[Detroit]] and ([[KDKA (AM)|KDKA 1020 AM]]) in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania, go on the air on August 27, 1920.
* Both stations broadcast the election results between Harding and Cox in early November. The first station to receive a commercial license is [[WBZ (AM)|WBZ]], then in Springfield MA, in mid-September 1921. While there are only a few radio stations in 1920–21, by 1922 the radio craze is sweeping the country.
* 1922: The [[BBC]] begins radio broadcasting in the [[United Kingdom]] as the ''British Broadcasting Company'', a consortium between radio manufacturers and newspapers. It became a public broadcaster in 1926.
* On August 27, 1920, regular wireless broadcasts for entertainment began in [[Argentina]] for the first time,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Altgelt|first1=Carlos A.|title=EARLY HISTORY OF RADIO BROADCASTING IN ARGENTINA|url=https://www.oldradio.com/archives/international/argentin.html|website=The Broadcast Archive|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref> by a Buenos Aires group including [[Enrique Telémaco Susini]]. The station is soon called [[LOR Radio Argentina|Radio Argentina]] (see [[Radio in Argentina]]).

===Arts===
* Beginning of [[surrealist]] movement.
* [[Art Deco]] becomes fashionable.
* The [[Group of Seven (artists)]].
* [[Pablo Picasso]] paints ''[[Three Musicians (Picasso)|Three Musicians]]'' in 1921.
* [[René Magritte]] paints ''[[The Treachery of Images]]''.
* [[Albert Gleizes]] paints ''[[Woman with Black Glove]]'', 1920
* [[Marcel Duchamp]] completes ''[[The Bride Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even]] (The Large Glass)''.
* The [[Museum of Modern Art]] opens in Manhattan, November 7, 1929, nine days after the [[Wall Street crash]].
* The first [[science fiction]] [[comic strip]], ''[[Buck Rogers]]'', begins January 7, 1929. The first [[Tarzan]] comic strip begins on the same date.
* The [[Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance]] opens, 1926. [[Martha Graham|Martha Graham's]] technique goes on to reshape contemporary dance.

===Literature===
{{See also|List of years in literature#1920s|Publishers Weekly list of bestselling novels in the United States in the 1920s}}
[[File:Sinclair Lewis 1930.jpg|thumb|2 out of 10 best-selling American books in the 1920s were written by [[Sinclair Lewis]] (1885–1951).|250x250px]]
The best-selling books of every year in the United States were as follows:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hackett |first1=Alice Payne |last2=Burke |first2=James Henry|title=80 Years of Bestsellers: 1895 – 1975|date=1977|publisher=R.R. Bowker Company|isbn=0-8352-0908-3|location=New York|pages=89–107}}</ref>
* 1920: ''The Man of the Forest'' by [[Zane Grey]]
* 1921: ''[[Main Street (novel)|Main Street]]'' by [[Sinclair Lewis]]
* 1922: ''[[If Winter Comes (novel)|If Winter Comes]]'' by [[A. S. M. Hutchinson]]
* 1923: ''[[Black Oxen]]'' by [[Gertrude Atherton]]
* 1924'': [[So Big (novel)|So Big]]'' by [[Edna Ferber]]
* 1925: ''Soundings'' by [[A. Hamilton Gibbs]]
* 1926: ''[[The Private Life of Helen of Troy (book)|The Private Life of Helen of Troy]]'' by [[John Erskine (educator)|John Erskine]]
* 1927: ''[[Elmer Gantry]]'' by [[Sinclair Lewis]]
* 1928: ''[[The Bridge of San Luis Rey]]'' by [[Thornton Wilder]]
* 1929: ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' by [[Erich Maria Remarque]]

===Architecture===
[[File:Palacio Barolo (postal).jpg|thumb|[[Palacio Barolo]], designed by [[Mario Palanti]].]]
{{Expand section|date=January 2010}}
* [[Art Deco#Architecture|Art Deco architecture]] attained its heyday
* [[Walter Gropius]] builds the [[Bauhaus]] in [[Dessau]]
* [[Le Corbusier]] published the book ''[[Toward an Architecture]]'' serving as the [[manifesto]] for a generation of architects.
* [[Palacio Barolo]] is completed in 1923 and becomes one of the most famous examples of [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclectic architecture]] in Latin America.

===Sports highlights===
====1920====
* January 24: [[Grand Prix de Paris]] switches its name to [[Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe]] ([[horse race]])
* February 13: [[Negro National League (1920–31)|Negro National League]] created (baseball)
* April: [[Babe Ruth]] began playing for the [[New York Yankees]]
* April–September: [[1920 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] held in [[Antwerp]].
* August 17: [[Ray Chapman]] from the [[Cleveland Indians]] is killed by [[Carl Mays]]' pitch (baseball)
* August 20: [[National Football League]] founded
* [[Kenesaw Mountain Landis]] is named the first [[Commissioner of Baseball]].

====1921====
* March 26: Schooner [[Bluenose]] launched

====1923====
* May 26: the [[24 hours of Le Mans]] conducts their first sports car race
* October: The New York Yankees win the [[1923 World Series]], the first title for the team.

====1924====
* January–February: [[1924 Winter Olympics|First Winter Olympic Games]] takes place in [[Chamonix]] France.
* May–July: [[1924 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] held in Paris, France.
* July 10–13: [[Paavo Nurmi]] wins five gold medals in Summer Olympics ([[track and field]])

====1925====
* May 28: [[French Open]] invites non-French [[tennis]] athletes for the first time
* Germany and Belgium in first [[handball]] international tournament.

====1926====
* August 6: [[Gertrude Ederle]] swims [[English Channel]] and is first woman to do so.
* September 23: [[Gene Tunney]] wins [[Jack Dempsey]]'s world heavyweight [[boxing]] title.

====1927====
* May 23: [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]] end [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]'s 71-match unbeaten sequence in the [[County Championship]] – the longest unbeaten sequence in that competition.
* June 3: First [[Ryder Cup]] golf tournaments are held in [[Massachusetts]]

====1928====
* February: [[1928 Winter Olympics|Winter Olympics]] held in St. Moritz Switzerland.
* May–August: Women's Olympics takes place for first time, in [[1928 Summer Olympics]] held in Amsterdam.
* [[Dixie Dean|William Ralph "Dixie" Dean]] wins the Football League, scores 60 goals in 39 matches for [[Everton F.C.]] ([[English Football]])

====1929====
* The English team led by [[Wally Hammond]] defeats Australia in [[The Ashes]] series ([[Test Cricket]])

===Miscellaneous trends===
* Youth culture of the [[Lost Generation]]; [[flapper]]s, the [[Charleston (dance)|Charleston]], and the [[bob cut]] [[haircut]].
* Fads such as [[marathon dancing]], [[Mahjong|mah-jong]], [[crossword puzzle]]s and [[pole-sitting]] are popular.
* The height of the [[clip joint]].
* The [[Harlem Renaissance]] centered in a thriving [[African American]] community of [[Harlem]], New York City.
* Since the 1920s scholars have methodically dug into the layers of history that lie buried at thousands of sites across China.
* The tomb of [[Tutankhamun]] is discovered intact by [[Howard Carter (archaeologist)|Howard Carter]] (1922). This begins a second revival of [[Egyptomania in the United States|Egyptomania]].
* [[Twiglets]] are invented in December 1929 by Frenchman [[Rondalin Zwadoodie]], and sold by [[Peek Freans]].
* Smoking in America was deemed socially acceptable, with the first magazine advertising women smoking for the first time in 1927.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=Lucy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JrlCQAAQBAJ |title=Anything Goes: A Biography of the Roaring Twenties |date=2015-09-10 |publisher=Atlantic Books |isbn=978-1-78239-868-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* Newly improved latex condoms resulted in soaring condom sales in the United States.<ref name=":0" />

==People==
===Science, Engineering and Technology===
[[File:Einstein1921 by F Schmutzer 4.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Albert Einstein]], 1921]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Albert Einstein]]
* [[Sigmund Freud]]
* [[Alexander Fleming]]
* [[Frederick Banting]]
* [[Niels Bohr]]
* [[Werner Heisenberg]]
* [[Louis DeBroglie]]
* [[Howard Carter]]
* [[Georges Lemaître]]
* [[Edwin Powell Hubble]]
* [[Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin]]
* [[Vladimir K. Zworykin|Vladimir Zworykin]]
* [[John Logie Baird]]
* [[Garrett Morgan]]
{{div col end}}

===Literature===
[[File:F. Scott Fitzgerald (1929 photo portrait by Nickolas Muray) Cropped.jpg|thumb|150px|[[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], 1929]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Alexander Belyaev]]
* [[Bertolt Brecht]]
* [[Countee Cullen]]
* [[Nancy Cunard]]
* [[T. S. Eliot]]
* [[William Faulkner]]
* [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]
* [[Zelda Fitzgerald]]
* [[Ernest Hemingway]]
* [[Langston Hughes]]
* [[Zora Neale Hurston]]
* [[James Weldon Johnson]]
* [[Erich Kastner]]
* [[Sinclair Lewis]]
* [[Alain Locke]]
* [[Thomas Mann]]
* [[Claude McKay]]
* [[Carl Sandburg]]
* [[William Butler Yeats]]
{{div col end}}

===Entertainers===
[[File:Charlie Chaplin.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Charlie Chaplin]] during the 1920s]]
[[File:The Frozen North (1922) - 2.JPG|thumb|150px|[[Buster Keaton]] in the 1922 short film ''[[The Frozen North]]'']]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Charlie Chaplin]]
* [[Buster Keaton]]
* [[Roscoe Arbuckle|Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle]]
* [[Mary Astor]]
* [[Josephine Baker]]
* [[Tallulah Bankhead]]
* [[Ethel Barrymore]]
* [[John Barrymore]]
* [[Lionel Barrymore]]
* [[Clara Bow]]
* [[Louise Brooks]]
* [[Lon Chaney, Sr.|Lon Chaney]]
* [[Katharine Cornell]]
* [[Joan Crawford]]
* [[Bebe Daniels]]
* [[Betty Bronson]]
* [[Mary Brian]]
* [[Marion Davies]]
* [[Douglas Fairbanks]]
* [[Eva Le Gallienne]]
* [[Greta Garbo]]
* [[Janet Gaynor]]
* [[John Gilbert (actor)|John Gilbert]]
* [[Dorothy Gish]]
* [[Lillian Gish]]
* [[William Haines]]
* [[William S. Hart]]
* [[Harry Houdini]]
* [[Emil Jannings]]
* [[Al Jolson]]
* [[Harold Lloyd]]
* [[Tom Mix]]
* [[Colleen Moore]]
* [[Mae Murray]]
* [[Pola Negri]]
* [[Ramón Novarro]]
* [[Will Rogers]]
* [[Mary Pickford]]
* [[Norma Shearer]]
* [[Gloria Swanson]]
* [[Chief Tahachee]]
* [[Norma Talmadge]]
* [[Rudolph Valentino]]
* [[Anna May Wong]]
* [[Betty White]]
{{div col end}}

====Musicians====
[[File:Berlin-Jolson27.JPG|thumb|150px|[[Irving Berlin]] (left) and [[Al Jolson]], {{circa|1927}}]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[George Gershwin]]
* [[Al Jolson]]
* [[Louis Armstrong]]
* [[Richard Tauber]]
* [[Irving Berlin]]
* [[Eddie Cantor]]
* [[Duke Ellington]]
* [[Kelly Harrell]]
* [[Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)|Jimmy Rodgers]]
* [[Jelly Roll Morton]]
* [[Cole Porter]]
* [[Rudy Vallée]]
* [[Paul Whiteman]]
* [[Fats Waller]]
* [[Fletcher Henderson]]
* [[Eddie Lang]]
* [[Joe Venuti]]
* [[Bix Beiderbecke]]
* [[Art Tatum]]
* [[Béla Bartók]]
* [[Lonnie Johnson (musician)|Lonnie Johnson]]
* [[Bessie Smith]]
* [[Count Basie]]
* [[King Oliver]]
* [[Sidney Bechet]]
* [[Blind Willie Johnson]]
{{div col end}}

=== Film makers ===
{{Main|1920s in film}}
[[File:D W Griffith.jpeg|thumb|220px|[[D. W. Griffith]] at a rolltop desk, {{circa|1925}}]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Harry Beaumont]]
* [[Busby Berkeley]]
* [[Frank Borzage]]
* [[Charles Chaplin]]
* [[Alan Crosland]]
* [[Cecil B. DeMille]]
* [[William C. DeMille]]
* [[Sergei Eisenstein]]
* [[Victor Fleming]]
* [[John Ford]]
* [[D. W. Griffith]]
* [[Alfred Hitchcock]]
* [[Rex Ingram (director)|Rex Ingram]]
* [[Buster Keaton]]
* [[Fritz Lang]]
* [[Ernst Lubitsch]]
* [[Lewis Milestone]]
* [[Erich von Stroheim]]
* [[King Vidor]]
* [[Robert Wiene]]
{{div col end}}

===Artists===
[[File:Alfred Stieglitz - Georgia O'Keeffe - Google Art Project, sepia.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Georgia O'Keeffe]] in 1920, photographed by [[Alfred Stieglitz]]]]
[[File:GeorgeGrosz.jpg|thumb|150px|[[George Grosz]] in 1921]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Hans Arp]]
* [[Max Beckmann]]
* [[Georges Braque]]
* [[André Breton]]
* [[Patrick Henry Bruce]]
* [[Alexander Calder]]
* [[Carlo Carrà]]
* [[Marc Chagall]]
* [[Giorgio de Chirico]]
* [[Salvador Dalí]]
* [[Stuart Davis (painter)|Stuart Davis]]
* [[Charles Demuth]]
* [[Otto Dix]]
* [[Theo van Doesburg]]
* [[Arthur Dove]]
* [[Marcel Duchamp]]
* [[Max Ernst]]
* [[Alberto Giacometti]]
* [[Julio González (sculptor)|Julio Gonzalez]]
* [[Juan Gris]]
* [[George Grosz]]
* [[Marsden Hartley]]
* [[Wassily Kandinsky]]
* [[Paul Klee]]
* [[Gaston Lachaise]]
* [[Fernand Léger]]
* [[Tamara de Lempicka]]
* [[René Magritte]]
* [[Georges Malkine]]
* [[John Marin]]
* [[André Masson]]
* [[Henri Matisse]]
* [[Joan Miró]]
* [[Piet Mondrian]]
* [[Henry Moore]]
* [[Max Morise]]
* [[Georgia O'Keeffe]]
* [[Francis Picabia]]
* [[Pablo Picasso]]
* [[Man Ray]]
* [[Morgan Russell]]
* [[Kurt Schwitters]]
* [[Charles Sheeler]]
* [[Chaïm Soutine]]
* [[Yves Tanguy]]
* [[Stanton Macdonald-Wright]]
{{div col end}}

===Architects===
{{See also|Bauhaus}}
[[File:Frank_Lloyd_Wright_LC-USZ62-36384.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Frank Lloyd Wright]], 1926]]
* [[Marcel Breuer]]
* [[Le Corbusier]]
* [[Walter Gropius]]
* [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]]
* [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]
* [[Mario Palanti]]

===Sports figures===
{{See also|History of baseball in the United States#Babe Ruth and the end of the dead-ball era}}
<!-- alphabetical order -->
[[File:Babe_Ruth_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Babe Ruth]] in 1920]]
[[File:Paavo Nurmi (Paris 1924).jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Paavo Nurmi]] in [[1924 Summer Olympics]]]]
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[Grover Cleveland Alexander]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Ty Cobb]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Eddie Collins]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Walter Johnson]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Rogers Hornsby]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Babe Ruth]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Tris Speaker]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Lou Gehrig]] (American [[baseball]] player)
* [[Kenesaw Mountain Landis]] (American [[Baseball]] Commissioner)
* [[Gene Tunney]] (American boxer)
* [[Jack Dempsey]] (American boxer)
* [[Francisco Guilledo]] (Filipino boxer)
* [[Warwick Armstrong]] (Australian [[cricket]] captain)
* [[Wilfred Rhodes]] (Yorkshire and England cricketer)
* [[Jack Hobbs]] (Surrey and England cricketer)
* [[Herbert Sutcliffe]] (Yorkshire and England cricketer)
* [[Maurice Tate]] (Sussex and England cricketer)
* [[Jack Gregory (cricketer)|Jack Gregory]], Australian cricketer
* [[Bert Oldfield]] (Australian cricketer)
* [[Herbie Taylor]] (South African cricketer)
* [[Alex Grove]] (American bowler)
* [[Red Grange]] ([[American football]] player)
* [[Knute Rockne]] (American football player and coach)
* [[Alex James (footballer)|Alex James]] (Arsenal and Scotland [[soccer]] player)
* [[Gordon Coventry]] ([[Australian rules football]] player)
* [[Walter Hagen]] (American [[golf]]er)
* [[Bobby Jones (golfer)|Bobby Jones]] (American golfer)
* [[Paavo Nurmi]] (Finnish runner)
* [[Bobbie Rosenfeld|Fanny "Bobbie" Rosenfeld]] (Canadian athlete)
* [[Earl Sande]] (jockey)
* [[Gertrude Ederle]] (swimming)
* [[Johnny Weissmuller]] (swimming)
* [[Suzanne Lenglen]] (French [[tennis]] player)
* [[Helen Wills Moody]] (American tennis player)
* [[Bill Tilden]] (American tennis player)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{portal|1920s}}
* [[List of decades, centuries, and millennia]]
* [[Interwar Britain]]
* [[1920s in television]]
* [[Table of years in radio]]
* {{section link|List of years in literature|1920s}}
* [[Roaring Twenties]]
* [[Interbellum Generation]] (when the first half of the [[Greatest Generation]] had matured)

===Timeline===
The following articles contain brief timelines listing the most prominent events of the decade:

[[1920]] • [[1921]] • [[1922]] • [[1923]] • [[1924]] • [[1925]] • [[1926]] • [[1927]] • [[1928]] • [[1929]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=#}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last1=Block |first1=Alex Ben |last2=Wilson |first2=Lucy Autrey |title=George Lucas's Blockbusting: A Decade-by-Decade Survey of Timeless Movies Including Untold Secrets of Their Financial and Cultural Success |date=2010 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-0-06-196345-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpbuSXSSqdkC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Finler |first1=Joel Waldo |title=The Hollywood Story |date=2003 |publisher=Wallflower Press |isbn=978-1-903364-66-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvVhEJmbfrsC |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=Sheldon |title=Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History |date=15 April 2010 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=978-0-8143-3697-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro0hASPfC68C |language=en |ref={{sfnref|Hall|Neale|2010}}}}

==Further reading==
* Allen, Frederick Lewis. ''Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s'' (1931), classic popular history of United States; [https://web.archive.org/web/20010312011934/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/Allen/Cover.html online free]
* Currell, Susan. ''American Culture in the 1920s'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2009), a British perspective.
* Dumenil, Lynn. ''The modern temper: American culture and society in the 1920s'' (Macmillan, 1995).
* Grossman, Mark. ''Encyclopedia of the Interwar Years: From 1919 to 1939'' (2000). 400pp.
* Jacobson, Jon. "Is there a New International History of the 1920s?." ''American Historical Review'' 88.3 (1983): 617–645. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1864590 online]
* Johnson, GAynor, and Michael Dockrill eds. ''Locarno Revisited: European Diplomacy 1920-1929'' (2004)
* McAuliffe, Mary. ''When Paris Sizzled: The 1920s Paris of Hemingway, Chanel, Cocteau, Cole Porter, Josephine Baker, and Their Friends'' (2016) [https://www.amazon.com/When-Paris-Sizzled-Hemingway-Josephine/dp/1442253320/ excerpt]
* Maier, Charles S. ''Recasting bourgeois Europe: stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the decade after World War I'' (Princeton University Press, 2015), scholarly analysis
* Mowat, Charles Loch. ''Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940'' (1955), 690pp; thorough scholarly coverage; emphasis on politics [https://archive.org/details/britainbetweenwa00mowa also online free to read], scholarly survey of the era.
* [[Robert Sobel|Sobel, Robert]] ''The Great Bull Market: Wall Street in the 1920s.'' (1968)
* Uldricks, Teddy J. "Russia and Europe: Diplomacy, Revolution, and Economic Development in the 1920s." ''International History Review'' 1.1 (1979): 55–83.
* Walters, Ryan S. ''The Jazz Age President: Defending Warren G. Harding'' (2022) [https://www.amazon.com/Jazz-Age-President-Defending-Harding/dp/1621578844/ excerpt] also [https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-jazz-age-president-review-correcting-the-record-11649020056?mod=books_arts_featured_pos2 online review]

{{Events by month links}}
{{20th century}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Commons category}}

[[Category:1920s| ]]
[[Category:Roaring Twenties]]