View source for 1925 German presidential election

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Weimar Republic
| type = presidential
| previous_election = 1919 German presidential election
| previous_year = 1919
| next_election = 1932 German presidential election
| next_year = 1932
| election_date = 29 March 1925 (first round)<br>26 April 1925 (second round)
| turnout = 68.87% (first round)<br>77.56% (second round)
| image_size = 150x150px

| image1 = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-C06886, Paul v. Hindenburg (cropped)(2).jpg
| candidate1 = '''[[Paul von Hindenburg]]'''
| color1 = DCDCDC
| party1 = [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br/>''Supported by:''{{collapsible list
 | titlestyle = background:transparent;
 | title = Reichsblock
 | [[German National People's Party|DNVP]]
 | [[German People's Party|DVP]]
 | [[Bavarian People's Party|BVP]]
 | [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]]
 | [[Economic Party (Germany)|WP]]
 | [[Bavarian Peasants' League|BB]]
 | [[German-Hanoverian Party|DHP]]
 | ''[[Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten|Stahlhelm]]''
 | [[Young German Order|JDO]]
}}
| popular_vote1 = '''14,655,641'''
| percentage1 = '''48.29%'''

| image2 = WilhelmMarxEn1932.jpeg
| candidate2 = [[Wilhelm Marx]]
| color2 = 000000
| party2 = [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre]]<br/>''Supported by:''{{collapsible list
 | titlestyle = background:transparent;
 | title = Volksblock
 | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
 | [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre]]
 | [[German Democratic Party|DDP]]
}}
| popular_vote2 = 13,751,605
| percentage2 = 45.31%

| image3 = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12940, Ernst Thälmann (scrap).jpg
| candidate3 = [[Ernst Thälmann]]
| party3 = Communist Party of Germany
| popular_vote3 = 1,931,151
| percentage3 = 6.36%

| map_image = {{Switcher
| [[File:1925 German presidential election - 1st round Charts.svg|400px]]
| '''First round:''' results by electoral constituency
| [[File:1925 German presidential election by District (1st round).svg|400px]]
| '''First round:''' results by [[Districts of Germany|district and independent city]]
| [[File:1925 German presidential election - 2nd round Charts.svg|400px]]
| '''Second round:''' results by electoral constituency
| [[File:1925 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg|400px]]
| '''Second round:''' results by [[Districts of Germany|district and independent city]]
|default=3
}}

| title = [[President of Germany (1919–1945)|President]]
| before_election = [[Friedrich Ebert]]
| before_party = Social Democratic Party of Germany
| after_election = [[Paul von Hindenburg]]
| after_party = Independent politician
}}

Presidential elections were held in Germany on 29 March 1925, with a runoff on 26 April.<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p762 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}</ref> They were the first direct elections to the office of [[President of Germany (1919–1945)|President of the Reich]] ({{lang|de|Reichspräsident}}), [[Germany]]'s [[head of state]] during the 1919–33 [[Weimar Republic]]. The first President, [[Friedrich Ebert]], who had died on 28 February 1925, had been elected indirectly, by the [[Weimar National Assembly|National Assembly]], but the [[Weimar Constitution]] required that his successor be elected by the "whole German people". [[Paul von Hindenburg]] was elected as the second president of Germany in the second round of voting.

Hindenburg was the candidate of a broad coalition of the political right. Many on the right hoped that once in power he would destroy Weimar democracy from the inside and restore the pre-Weimar ''status quo''. The two other candidates who were believed to have a chance of winning were [[Otto Braun]] of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) and [[Wilhelm Marx]] of the [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]]. Both the SPD and Centre were members of the [[Weimar Coalition]], the group of parties regarded as most committed to the Weimar system. Only Marx proceeded to the second round of the election.

The election was important because of the turbulent times in which it occurred and because, under the Weimar Constitution, the head of state wielded considerable power. Hindenburg would be again returned in the [[1932 German presidential election|1932 election]] and would play an important role during the rise to power of the [[Nazi Party]]. However, many of Hindenburg's 1925 backers were subsequently disappointed. Although in the years that followed his election many questioned the constitutionality of certain of his actions, Hindenburg never attempted to overthrow the Weimar constitution outright.

==Background==
President [[Friedrich Ebert]] died on 28 February 1925. On 9 March, the Reichstag selected to hold the first round on 29 March and the second round on 26 April. [[Walter Simons]] was selected to serve as acting president on 10 March. This was the first direct election of the president.{{sfn|Graper|1925|p=592-593}}

==Electoral system==
During the Weimar Republic, the law provided for a modified [[two-round system]], such that if no candidate received an absolute majority of votes (i.e. more than half) in the first round of a presidential election then a second ballot would occur in which the candidate with a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]] of votes would be deemed elected. It was permitted for a group to nominate an alternative candidate in the second round.

==Candidates==
===First round===
The [[Communist Party of Germany|Communist Party]] (KPD) was the first party to nominate a candidate. The central committee selected [[Ernst Thälmann]] on 3 March. [[Karl Jarres]] was nominated as the joint candidate of the [[German People's Party]] (DVP) and [[German National People's Party]] (DNVP) on 12 March.{{sfn|Graper|1925|p=593-594}}

Loebell-Ausschutz, a right-wing committee with representatives from the DVP, DNVP, and Bavarian parties, considered supporting the Centre, but only if [[Adam Stegerwald]] was nominated. The [[German Democratic Party]] (DDP) suggested that Loebell-Ausschutz and [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) could support Simons. Loebell-Ausschutz invited the DDP and Centre to a conference to discuss the presidential nomination. The right-wing refused to support Simons and [[Wilhelm Marx]], while the DDP refused to support Jarres. [[Otto Gessler]] was proposed as a compromise candidate, but this failed.{{sfn|Graper|1925|p=594-595}}

Most right-wing [[völkisch movement]] parties supported Jarres as a compromise candidate, but [[Adolf Hitler]] had the [[Nazi Party]] support Ludendorff. Hitler later supported Hindenburg. Hitler later punished the völkisch parties that opposed his decision and issued an order in May 1925 prohibiting Nazis from working with them.{{sfn|Orlow|1969|p=61}}

Otto Braun, the SPD's candidate, was a former [[Prime Minister of Prussia|Minister-President of Prussia]] and a well known and respected figure. The Centre Party's candidate, Wilhelm Marx, was the chair of the party and a former [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|chancellor]]. The other significant candidate was [[Willy Hellpach]] of the DDP. The [[German Völkisch Freedom Party]] (DVFP) put forward [[Erich Ludendorff]] but secured only a negligible share of the vote.

===Second round===
The Centre renominated Marx for the second round and he received the support of the DDP and SPD. Marx was made the candidate of the Volksblock on 3 April.{{sfn|Graper|1925|p=597}}

On 1 April, the DVP's executive committee unanimously endorsed Jarres. [[Paul von Hindenburg]], who twice declined to run, announced his candidacy on 8 April, after being convinced by [[Alfred von Tirpitz]]. The [[Bavarian People's Party]] endorsed him and strongly promoted his candidacy.{{sfn|Graper|1925|p=597-598}}

==Results==
The first ballot was held on 29 March, with a turnout of 68.9%. Although Jarres received the most votes in the first round, he was well short of a majority. He subsequently withdrew in favour of Hindenburg, who was a committed monarchist and popular former general. Although Hindenburg had no interest in seeking public office and was especially uneasy with the prospect of becoming Germany's [[head of state]], he reluctantly agreed to stand, supposedly only after first consulting with the [[William II, German Emperor|deposed Kaiser]]. His major supporters were the [[German People's Party]] (DVP), the [[German National People's Party]] (DNVP) and the BVP. The DVP, and especially its leader [[Gustav Stresemann]], had reservations about the idea of a Hindenburg presidency because of its possible repercussions for German foreign policy, but eventually came on board. Hindenburg was also endorsed by the [[German Völkisch Freedom Party]] (DVFP), the [[National Socialist German Workers’ Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]] (NSDAP) and the [[Agricultural League]] (RLB).

On the left, the Centre Party ({{Lang|de|Zentrum}}) refused to support Braun from the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD), so Braun withdrew. The SPD agreed to support Marx (Centre) as the common candidate to ensure the defeat of Hindenburg. The [[German Democratic Party]] also reluctantly withdrew its candidate and supported Marx. As Marx's supporters included both the moderate left and the political centre, he was believed to have a high chance of winning. The three participants in the second round were therefore Hindenburg, Marx, and Thälmann of the [[Communist Party of Germany|Communist Party]]. The pro-Marx forces styled themselves the ''Volksblock'' (People's Bloc) in response to the ''Reichsblock'' which supported Hindenburg, comprising the DNVP, DVP, BVP, other bourgeois parties, and right-wing nationalist organisations such as the ''[[Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten|Stahlhelm]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Making of the Reich President, 1925: German Conservatism and the Nomination of Paul von Hindenburg|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4546173|last1=Cary|first1=Noel D.|date=Jun–Sep 1990|access-date=16 January 2024|journal=[[Central European History]]|volume=23|issue=2/3|pages=179–204|doi=10.1017/S0008938900021348 |jstor=4546173 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Presidential Victory and Popular Festivity in Weimar Germany: Hindenburg's 1925 Election|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4546174|last1=Fritzsche|first1=Peter|date=Jun–Sep 1990|access-date=16 January 2024|journal=[[Central European History]]|volume=23|issue=2/3|pages=205–224|doi=10.1017/S000893890002135X |jstor=4546174 |hdl=2142/2288 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deutschegeschichten.de/popup/objekt.asp?OzIID=5582&ObjKatID=106&ThemaKatID=1002|title=Reich President change|access-date=16 January 2024|language=de|website=deutschegeschichten.de}}</ref>

The second round was held on 26 April, with a turnout of 77.6%. Hindenburg won on a plurality of the vote, with 48.3% to Marx's 45.3%. Marx's loss was attributed to the fact that the [[Bavarian People's Party]], a sister party of the Centre, endorsed Hindenburg as a protest against the Marx's cooperation with the Social Democrats.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The behaviour of political parties and MPs in the parliaments of the Weimar Republic |journal=Party Politics |volume=18 |issue=5 |year=2012 |doi=10.1177/1354068810389645 |publisher=SagePub |first1=Martin Ejnar |last1=Hansen |first2=Marc |last2=Debus |page=717}}</ref> Some also attributed Marx's loss to the candidature of [[Ernst Thälmann]] of the [[Communist Party of Germany]], who did not drop out in the second round. However, historian [[Peter Fritzsche]] rejected this view, calling the claim "far-fetched" and arguing that "given the explicit enmity of this party toward the Weimar "capitalist state," it would have been completely unrealistic to expect the KPD to support the candidate of the Weimar system". Fritsche instead found that the BVP's endorsement of Hindenburg was crucial to Marx's defeat.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Presidential Victory and Popular Festivity in Weimar Germany: Hindenburg's 1925 Election |first=Peter |last=Fritzsche |author-link=Peter Fritzsche |year=1990 |journal=Central European History |volume=23 |issue=2-3 |doi=10.1017/s000893890002135x |page=233|hdl=2142/2288 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
{{Election results
|cand1=[[Karl Jarres]]|party1=[[German People's Party]]|votes1=10416658
|cand2=[[Otto Braun]]|party2=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]]|votes2=7802497
|cand3=[[Wilhelm Marx]]|party3=[[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]]{{efn|Supported by [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]], [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre]], [[German Democratic Party|DDP]] in the second round}}|votes3=3887734|votes3_2=13751605
|cand4=[[Ernst Thälmann]]|party4=[[Communist Party of Germany|Communist Party]]|votes4=1871815|votes4_2=1931151
|cand5=[[Willy Hellpach]]|party5=[[German Democratic Party]]|votes5=1568398
|cand6=[[Heinrich Held]]|party6=[[Bavarian People's Party]]{{efn|Supported by [[German-Hanoverian Party|DHP]]}}|votes6=1007450
|cand7=[[Erich Ludendorff]]|party7=[[German Völkisch Freedom Party]]|votes7=285793|color7=black
|cand8=[[Paul von Hindenburg]]|party8=[[Independent politician|Independent]]{{efn|Supported by [[German National People's Party|DNVP]], [[German People's Party|DVP]], [[Bavarian People's Party|BVP]], [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]], [[Economic Party (Germany)|WP]], [[Bavarian Peasants' League|BB]], [[German-Hanoverian Party|DHP]]}}|votes8_2=14655641
|row9=Other candidates|votes9=25761|votes9_2=13416
|invalid=150654|invalid2=216061
|electorate=39226138|electorate2=39414316
|source=[https://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Deutschland/Praesidenten.html Gonschior]
}}

=== Results by constituency ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:90%; line-height:1.2em;"
|-
! rowspan=4 | Constituency
! colspan=14 | First round<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen-in-deutschland.de/wRPW1925WG1.htm|title=Ergebnisse des 1. Wahlgangs am 29.3.1925 in den Wahlkreisen|first=Valentin|last=Schröder|date=27 July 2014|website=Wahlen in Deutschland}}</ref>
! colspan=6 | Second round<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wahlen-in-deutschland.de/wRPW1925WG2.htm|title=Ergebnisse des 2. Wahlgangs am 26.4.1925 in den Wahlkreisen|first=Valentin|last=Schröder|date=27 July 2014|website=Wahlen in Deutschland}}</ref>
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Karl Jarres|Jarres]]<br />{{small|DVP}} || colspan=2 | [[Otto Braun|Braun]]<br />{{small|SPD}} || colspan=2 | [[Wilhelm Marx|Marx]]<br />{{small|Zentrum}} || colspan=2 | [[Ernst Thälmann|Thälmann]]<br />{{small|KPD}} || colspan=2 | [[Willy Hellpach|Hellpach]]<br />{{small|DDP}} || colspan=2 | [[Heinrich Held|Held]]<br />{{small|BVP}} || colspan=2 | [[Erich Ludendorff|Ludendorff]]<br />{{small|DVFP}} || colspan=2 | [[Paul von Hindenburg|Hindenburg]]<br />{{small|Reichsblock}} || colspan=2 | [[Wilhelm Marx|Marx]]<br />{{small|Volksblock}} || colspan=2 | [[Ernst Thälmann|Thälmann]]<br />{{small|KPD}}
|-
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|German People's Party}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Germany}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|German Democratic Party}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Bavarian People's Party}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Nazi Party}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|German National People's Party}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}};" |
! colspan=2 style="width:40px; background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Germany}};" |
|-
! Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || % || Votes || %
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 1 [[East Prussia (electoral district)|East Prussia]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''550,294''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''58.41''' || 228,012 || 24.20 || 70,050 || 7.44 || 45,276 || 4.81 || 32,759 || 3.48 || 2,837 || 0.30 || 11,352 || 1.20 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''715,093''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''66.90''' || 302,740 || 28.32 || 50,344 || 4.71
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 2 [[Berlin (electoral district)|Berlin]] || 329,003 || 30.13 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''398,510''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''36.50''' || 56,638 || 5.19 || 180,734 || 16.55 || 121,390 || 11.12 || 1,357 || 0.12 || 4,010 || 0.37 || 384,361 || 32.47 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''654,487''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''55.29''' || 144,879 || 12.24
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 3 [[Potsdam II (electoral district)|Potsdam II]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''372,996''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''42.34''' || 261,740 || 29.71 || 37,953 || 4.31 || 84,516 || 9.59 || 118,309 || 13.43 || 1,206 || 0.14 || 3,977 || 0.45 || 427,358 || 44.22 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''467,709''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''48.39''' || 71,206 || 7.37
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 4 [[Potsdam I (electoral district)|Potsdam I]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''394,333''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''45.93''' || 287,263 || 33.46 || 26,188 || 3.05 || 84,196 || 9.81 || 58,933 || 6.86 || 1,784 || 0.21 || 5,266 || 0.61 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''464,550''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''49.20''' || 403,596 || 42.75 || 75,722 || 8.02
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 5 [[Frankfurt an der Oder (electoral district)|Frankfurt (Oder)]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''439,818''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''56.47''' || 227,546 || 29.22 || 51,340 || 6.59 || 23,319 || 2.99 || 27,740 || 3.56 || 1,785 || 0.23 || 6,499 || 0.83 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''532,597''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''61.47''' || 307,914 || 35.54 || 25,513 || 2.94
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 6 [[Pomerania (electoral district)|Pomerania]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''530,287''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''63.92''' || 213,942 || 25.79 || 10,862 || 1.31 || 33,483 || 4.04 || 26,929 || 3.25 || 2,268 || 0.27 || 10,879 || 1.31 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''656,822''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''71.08''' || 224,486 || 24.29 || 42,276 || 4.58
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 7 [[Breslau (electoral district)|Breslau]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''354,431''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''39.49''' || 314,880 || 35.08 || 167,398 || 18.65 || 18,668 || 2.08 || 33,439 || 3.73 || 2,499 || 0.28 || 5,490 || 0.61 || 451,792 || 45.34 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''520,907''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''52.28''' || 23,335 || 2.34
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 8 [[Liegnitz (electoral district)|Liegnitz]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''240,523''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''42.26''' || 204,339 || 35.90 || 48,365 || 8.50 || 11,667 || 2.05 || 59,333 || 10.42 || 1,602 || 0.28 || 2,904 || 0.51 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''321,295''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''50.47''' || 298,431 || 46.88 || 16,629 || 2.61
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 9 [[Oppeln (electoral district)|Oppeln]] || 145,053 || 30.58 || 46,391 || 9.78 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''220,914''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''46.57''' || 45,552 || 9.60 || 8,980 || 1.89 || 2,064 || 0.44 || 4,640 || 0.98 || 224,914 || 39.84 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''293,213''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''51.94''' || 46,041 || 8.16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 10 [[Magdeburg (electoral district, 1919–1938)|Magdeburg]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''411,748''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''47.74''' || 347,615 || 40.30 || 17,734 || 2.06 || 38,670 || 4.48 || 37,901 || 4.39 || 1,511 || 0.18 || 6,677 || 0.77 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''485,357''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''52.21''' || 404,361 || 43.50 || 39,584 || 4.26
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 11 [[Merseburg (electoral district)|Merseburg]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''334,877''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''50.00''' || 143,680 || 21.45 || 10,836 || 1.62 || 136,951 || 20.45 || 33,195 || 4.96 || 1,446 || 0.22 || 8,395 || 1.25 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''411,234''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''57.41''' || 164,671 || 22.99 || 140,153 || 19.56
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 12 [[Thuringia (electoral district)|Thuringia]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''496,699''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''49.07''' || 305,481 || 30.18 || 47,224 || 4.67 || 101,681 || 10.05 || 42,234 || 4.17 || 2,159 || 0.21 || 15,857 || 1.57 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''621,652''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''55.21''' || 393,621 || 34.96 || 110,108 || 9.78
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 13 [[Schleswig-Holstein (electoral district)|Schleswig-Holstein]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''373,731''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''53.18''' || 231,841 || 32.99 || 10,398 || 1.48 || 37,035 || 5.27 || 41,915 || 5.96 || 1,715 || 0.24 || 5,404 || 0.77 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''478,509''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''59.78''' || 283,379 || 35.40 || 38,177 || 4.77
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 14 [[Weser-Ems (electoral district)|Weser-Ems]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''227,045''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''38.02''' || 172,108 || 28.82 || 127,345 || 21.32 || 19,144 || 3.21 || 41,452 || 6.94 || 4,737 || 0.79 || 4,863 || 0.81 || 335,057 || 46.95 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''355,227''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''49.78''' || 23,030 || 3.23
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 15 [[East Hanover (electoral district)|East Hanover]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''221,367''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''50.85''' || 142,595 || 32.76 || 7,302 || 1.68 || 14,289 || 3.28 || 14,560 || 3.34 || 30,873 || 7.09 || 3,526 || 0.81 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''336,885''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''64.05''' || 172,725 || 32.84 || 16,026 || 3.05
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 16 [[South Hanover–Braunschweig]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''386,535''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''41.55''' || 379,569 || 40.80 || 53,094 || 5.71 || 28,813 || 3.10 || 36,836 || 3.96 || 35,942 || 3.86 || 8,716 || 0.94 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''540,077''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''50.94''' || 488,544 || 46.08 || 31,226 || 2.95
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 17 [[Westphalia North (electoral district)|Westphalia North]] || 268,355 || 27.97 || 228,155 || 23.78 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''379,875''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''39.60''' || 48,625 || 5.07 || 22,613 || 2.36 || 3,852 || 0.40 || 6,892 || 0.72 || 389,507 || 35.44 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''660,770''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''60.13''' || 48,267 || 4.39
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 18 [[Westphalia South (electoral district)|Westphalia South]] || 320,109 || 27.50 || 320,581 || 27.55 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''350,105''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''30.08''' || 108,686 || 9.34 || 52,245 || 4.49 || 3,083 || 0.26 || 8,157 || 0.70 || 461,725 || 35.67 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''737,311''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''56.97''' || 94,922 || 7.33
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 19 [[Hesse-Nassau (electoral district)|Hesse-Nassau]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''383,931''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''36.11''' || 347,647 || 32.70 || 193,695 || 18.22 || 43,924 || 4.13 || 80,484 || 7.57 || 4,022 || 0.38 || 8,576 || 0.81 || 546,580 || 44.96 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''622,037''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''51.17''' || 46,502 || 3.83
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 20 [[Cologne–Aachen (electoral district)|Cologne-Aachen]] || 140,202 || 17.50 || 142,960 || 17.84 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''429,945''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''53.66''' || 51,675 || 6.45 || 25,661 || 3.20 || 3,861 || 0.48 || 6,259 || 0.78 || 212,795 || 22.84 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''670,238''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''71.94''' || 48,278 || 5.18
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 21 [[Koblenz–Trier (electoral district)|Koblenz-Trier]] || 100,172 || 21.29 || 57,996 || 12.33 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''280,929''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''59.72''' || 12,420 || 2.64 || 11,466 || 2.44 || 2,561 || 0.54 || 3,998 || 0.85 || 166,151 || 30.59 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''362,622''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''66.76''' || 14,015 || 2.58
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 22 [[Düsseldorf East (electoral district)|Düsseldorf East]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''296,687''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''34.06''' || 160,616 || 18.44 || 227,266 || 26.09 || 151,676 || 17.41 || 24,782 || 2.85 || 1,872 || 0.21 || 7,273 || 0.84 || 410,664 || 41.07 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''441,654''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''44.16''' || 147,527 || 14.75
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 23 [[Düsseldorf West (electoral district)|Düsseldorf West]] || 174,808 || 25.58 || 115,614 || 16.92 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''304,263''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''44.52''' || 67,603 || 9.89 || 13,351 || 1.95 || 2,489 || 0.36 || 4,931 || 0.72 || 252,830 || 32.83 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''455,808''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''59.19''' || 61,165 || 7.94
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 24 [[Upper Bavaria–Swabia]] || 200,085 || 23.52 || 183,845 || 21.61 || 11,461 || 1.35 || 25,562 || 3.00 || 20,965 || 2.46 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Bavarian People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''372,778''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Bavarian People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''43.81''' || 33,890 || 3.98 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''630,348''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''65.42''' || 306,161 || 31.77 || 26,549 || 2.76
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 25 [[Lower Bavaria–Upper Palatinate]] || 36,481 || 10.66 || 44,754 || 13.08 || 10,175 || 2.97 || 7,300 || 2.13 || 6,431 || 1.88 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Bavarian People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''227,215''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Bavarian People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''66.41''' || 8,738 || 2.55 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''260,721''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''67.98''' || 113,543 || 29.60 || 8,736 || 2.28
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 26 [[Franconia (electoral district)|Franconia]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''355,635''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''36.69''' || 278,354 || 28.72 || 13,835 || 1.43 || 23,318 || 2.41 || 36,512 || 3.77 || 227,950 || 23.52 || 32,399 || 3.34 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''673,243''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''58.69''' || 447,529 || 39.01 || 25,769 || 2.25
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 27 [[Palatinate (electoral district)|Palatinate]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''90,074''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''29.26''' || 87,512 || 28.43 || 39,771 || 12.92 || 23,575 || 7.66 || 19,777 || 6.43 || 43,099 || 14.00 || 3,674 || 1.19 || 166,873 || 45.29 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''179,232''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''48.64''' || 22,188 || 6.02
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 28 [[Dresden–Bautzen]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''396,242''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''43.44''' || 366,081 || 40.14 || 17,557 || 1.92 || 36,636 || 4.02 || 88,088 || 9.66 || 2,099 || 0.23 || 5,079 || 0.56 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''511,213''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''51.49''' || 416,036 || 41.90 || 65,148 || 6.56
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 29 [[Leipzig (electoral district)|Leipzig]] || 267,707 || 40.05 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''275,551''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''41.23''' || 6,501 || 0.97 || 67,663 || 10.12 || 44,424 || 6.65 || 1,884 || 0.28 || 4,346 || 0.65 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''332,075''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''48.04''' || 276,464 || 39.99 || 82,206 || 11.89
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 30 [[Chemnitz–Zwickau]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''360,616''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''44.29''' || 292,761 || 35.96 || 7,380 || 0.91 || 99,864 || 12.26 || 36,733 || 4.51 || 2,301 || 0.28 || 14,228 || 1.75 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''490,277''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''53.63''' || 284,600 || 31.13 || 138,647 || 15.16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 31 [[Württemberg (electoral district)|Württemberg]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''348,640''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''34.72''' || 206,518 || 20.57 || 241,525 || 24.05 || 56,521 || 5.63 || 137,059 || 13.65 || 3,971 || 0.40 || 9,023 || 0.90 || 544,104 || 45.73 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''588,027''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''49.42''' || 57,056 || 4.80
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 32 [[Baden (electoral district)|Baden]] || 241,357 || 27.62 || 198,494 || 22.71 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''295,183''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.9}};" | '''33.78''' || 39,152 || 4.48 || 88,091 || 10.08 || 3,744 || 0.43 || 6,508 || 0.74 || 375,272 || 35.63 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''635,787''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''60.36''' || 41,578 || 3.95
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 33 [[Hesse-Darmstadt (electoral district)|Hesse-Darmstadt]] || 188,108 || 33.26 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''210,545''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''37.22''' || 98,491 || 17.41 || 20,951 || 3.70 || 42,351 || 7.49 || 1,689 || 0.30 || 3,271 || 0.58 || 274,384 || 41.33 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''366,321''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}|0.8}}" | '''55.18''' || 22,998 || 3.46
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 34 [[Hamburg (electoral district)|Hamburg]] || 214,200 || 36.86 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''214,888''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|0.9}};" | '''36.98''' || 12,368 || 2.13 || 67,566 || 11.63 || 65,415 || 11.26 || 1,504 || 0.26 || 4,603 || 0.79 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''294,156''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''45.63''' || 281,312 || 43.64 || 68,718 || 10.66
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | 35 [[Mecklenburg (electoral district)|Mecklenburg]] || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''224,509''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''52.07''' || 164,113 || 38.06 || 3,768 || 0.87 || 15,104 || 3.50 || 16,045 || 3.72 || 1,691 || 0.39 || 5,493 || 1.27 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''275,170''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.8}}" | '''59.55''' || 170,142 || 36.82 || 16,633 || 3.60
|-class="sortbottom"
! Total || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''10,416,658''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''38.77''' || 7,802,497 || 29.04 || 3,887,734 || 14.47 || 1,871,815 || 6.97 || 1,568,398 || 5.84 || 1,007,450 || 3.75 || 285,793 || 1.06 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''14,655,641''' || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|German National People's Party}}|0.9}};" | '''48.29''' || 13,751,605 || 45.31 || 1,931,151 || 6.36
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[History of Germany]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Works cited==
* Cary, Noel D. "The making of the reich president, 1925: German conservatism and the nomination of Paul von Hindenburg." ''Central European History'' 23.2-3 (1990): 179-204. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4546173 online]

* {{cite journal|last=Graper |first=Elmer |title=The German Presidential Election |journal=[[American Political Science Review]] |publisher=[[American Political Science Association]] |date=1925 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=592–600 |doi=10.2307/2939137 |jstor=2939137 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2939137|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book|last=Orlow |first=Dietrich |title=The History of the Nazi Party: 1919-1933 |publisher=[[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |date=1969 |sbn=822931834}}

==Further reading==

*{{Citation |last=Cary |first=Noel D. |year=1990 |title=The Making of the Reich President, 1925: German Conservatism and the Nomination of Paul von Hindenburg |journal=Central European History |volume=23 |issue= 2–3|pages=179–204 |doi=10.1017/S0008938900021348 |s2cid=145119910 }}.
* Debus, Marc, and Martin Ejnar Hansen. "Dimensionality of the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1932." ''Politische Vierteljahresschrift'' 51 (2010): 15-42. 

* Eyck, Erich. ''A History of the Weimar Republic, Volume I: From the Collapse of the Empire to Hindenburg's Election'' (1962) pp.334ff [https://archive.org/details/historyofweimarr0000unse/page/n4/mode/1up online]
*Falter, Jürgen W. "The Two Hindenburg Elections of 1925 and 1932: A Total Reversal of Voter Coalitions" ''Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung.'' Supplement, No. 25, (2013), pp.&nbsp;217–232 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23608831 online]

* Fritzsche, Peter. "Presidential Victory and Popular Festivity in Weimar Germany: Hindenburg's 1925 Election." ''Central European History'' 23.2-3 (1990): 205-224. [https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/2446/bitstreams/8837/object online]

* Fulda, Bernhard. ''Press and politics in the Weimar Republic'' (Oxford University Press, 2009) [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=isMUDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&ots=seJyIPDQG5&sig=UaFojlU8-tlPCzhw4mFvaFKHZ88  online].
* Hansen, Martin Ejnar, and Marc Debus. "The behaviour of political parties and MPs in the parliaments of the Weimar Republic." ''Party Politics'' 18.5 (2012): 709-726. [https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/8368/2/Fulltext.pdf online]

* Zeender, John K. "The German Catholics and the presidential election of 1925." ''Journal of Modern History'' 35.4 (1963): 366-381 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1899040 online].

{{German elections}}
{{German presidential elections}}

[[Category:Presidential elections in Germany]]
[[Category:1925 elections in Europe|Germany]]
[[Category:1925 elections in Germany|President]]
[[Category:Elections in the Weimar Republic]]
[[Category:Paul von Hindenburg]]
[[Category:March 1925 in Europe|Germany]]
[[Category:April 1925 in Europe|Germany]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]